On the Role of Cognitive Environment of Translation for English- Chinese Translation

This paper put forward the concept of cognitive environment of translation based on the concept of cognitive context and proposed world knowledge,language knowledge and translation knowledge as its three constituents.World knowledge can also be referred to as encyclopedic knowledge,including all the knowledge acquired about diverse aspects of internal and external life through direct and indirect experience.Language knowledge refers to all the knowledge about the phonetics,phonology,lexicology,syntax,pragmatics,stylistics,etc.of the two languages involved and the comparative and contrastive features between the two languages.Translation knowledge concerns all the knowledge about the strategies and techniques for translation in general and specific solutions applicable for the translation between the two languages in question.The three types of knowledge get involved at different stages of translation:world knowledge and language knowledge about the source text facilitate accurate understanding of the source text,knowledge about the target language and knowledge about the comparative and contrastive features between the source and the target language,in combination with translation knowledge help with the translation process.All the knowledge can be activated more than once in case any uncertainty occurred at understanding or translation stages.As regards English-Chinese translation,translators are expected to use Chinese words,syntactic and textual structures most acceptable to the Chinese readers to replace the original English text,rendering them as close as possible in content,style and receptor effect.Efforts must be made to cater to the Chinese conventions of language use.Three major suggestions,among others,can be summarized in the paper.The first one is to use suitable words or expressions to match the Chinese ways of expression in various cases.The second one is to break the chains off the long and sophisticated English sentences,using shorter Chinese ones with a subject or theme,converting the nouns in English back to the verb or adjective they are derived from,etc.The third is to re-organize the textual structure of the target text according to the temporal,spatial and logical ways of expression in Chinese.

生态翻译学视域下严复的译者行为探析

在生态翻译学中,译者主导翻译过程,由译者承担责任而体现“译者、文本和译境”三者之间的关联互动与平衡和谐的生态整体观。以生态翻译学理论为框架,以严复的译著为例,探讨严复“融汇中西、译以救国”的社会行为,指出当严复置身于由内外环境交织的译境、文本、读者、时代等主客观因素所构成的制约时,译者仍能适应中国清末时期“救亡图存”的翻译生态环境,翻译策略的主动性选择与适应实现了多维度的适应性转换。

地方文化对外翻译生态环境研究——以淮南文化为例

翻译生态环境由翻译生态和翻译环境组成。作为中华文化“走出去”的有力支撑,地方文化对外翻译需要良好的翻译生态和翻译环境。目前地方文化外译翻译生态的内部主体之间建立了一定的互动网络,国家和省域层面的政治经济文化“大环境”总体良好,但是翻译生态中的再现伦理缺失、服务伦理认可度不足、交际伦理中的主体缺位,市县级层面的政治经济文化“小环境”有待改善。当前,地方政府和译者应在地方文化对外翻译的规划与组织、优化本地区翻译环境、提升自我的主体意识,以及有效整合人才资源等方面制定规划做出实绩。

The Adaptation and Selection in Film Subtitle Translation

Movie,as a media,plays an important and irreplaceable role in culture dissemination.Therefore,a successful film subtitle translation deserves much of the credit.Based on Darwin’s adaptation and selection and combined with the adaptation theory,professor Hu proposed and developed Eco-translatology,which studies translation from the perspective of ecology.This theory defined translation as a translator's adaptation and selection activities in a translational eco-environment,which is the world present by the source text,the source language,and the target language,namely the integrity of language,communication,culture,society,readers,the author and so on.

基于图像翻译技术的城市街景模拟系统设计与实现

针对虚拟地理环境场景复杂多变、城市环境模拟效果较差等问题,结合多视图协同交互可视化、WebGIS等技术,构建了一个综合的虚拟地理环境模拟系统,对用户需求、系统架构进行分析,设计了数据库和系统功能,介绍了基础操作模块、空间数据的可视化展示和专题模拟等高级功能。通过实验验证,该系统有效地提升了虚拟地理环境构建的效率和真实感,为智慧城市建设和决策支持提供了有力的工具和平台。

Cultural gaps between English and Chinese and untranslatability

The goal theory of translation believes that translation is inevitably affected by translating-in and translating-out culture because it considers that translation belongs to the category of the study of human behavior. Moreover, communication of human beings is limited by linguistic environment, which is rooted in cultural habit. From this we can see that different linguistic environment determines the withdrawing of the meaning in word translation and also the judgment and understanding of translators toward different cultures. This thesis will explore the effects of numerous factors on word translation in cultural environment and the corresponding translation methods. Moreover, the translators also should understand correctly the cultural meanings of the words included and adopt corresponding methods.

An analysis of Chinese-English soft news translation from a relevance theory perspective

The author gives a thorough interpretation of the translation process and methods under the framework of relevance theory based on the actual pairs of Chinese soft news and the counterpart English versions well selected from authoritative bilingual magazines. The author attests the explanatory force of relevance theory to soft news translation and shows that the aim of all the translation methods is to provide adequate contextual effects and achieve optimal relevance to the target audience, namely, to guarantee the successful communication--the intentions of the communicator and the expectations of the audience meet.

An Empirical Study of Legal English Translation Teaching Through Wechat-based Mobile Learning Platform

This paper illustrates the functions of smartphone-based teaching using the theory of constructivism,and puts forward anew learning strategy to replace traditional cram-teaching methods.We examines the new paradigm in the formation of translationcompetence within the legal discourse.It aims to promote the autonomous learning,monitor the students’participation,facilitatestudents’communication and provide well-structured materials to transform traditional classroom learning into mobile phonelearning,to maximize students’initiative and enthusiasm,as well as help students engage in,interpret,and negotiate the complexi-ties that surround them.The findings of this study have been summarized into a few generalizations for possible directions for trans-lation research and they provide a better understanding of Chinese students’translation competence within a legal English contextand contribute to the translation skill development.Series on existing research on translation competence development in classroomteaching contexts for empirical guidance,as an essential component of ESP curriculum based on authentic data and analyzedthrough online framework specifically designed for legal discourse.

A Brief Analysis of the Chinese- English Translation for Movie Titles from the Perspective of Eco-translatology

Via analyzing the adoption of Eco-translatology from the linguistic,cultural and communicative dimensions, this paper intends to tentatively explore the micro strategy of Chinese-English movie titles translation.

Three Dimensional Transformations in the Film Subtitle Translation

Film plays an indispensable part in cultural exchange. However, current scholars' studies on the film subtitle translation are less than literary translation. There exists no systematic strategy and theory guiding it, and there still exists some problems.This paper introduces eco-translatology to film subtitle translation. Eco-translatology proposes that translation is an alternative cycle of translators' adaptation and selection activities in translational eco-environment. The translation method focuses on threedimensional transformation, namely linguistic, cultural and communicative dimensions.

翻译生态环境视域下河北革命纪念馆外宣翻译研究

该文以生态翻译理论为指导,分析了革命纪念馆外宣翻译的大环境、中环境和小环境,以及各级生态环境对翻译的要求。同时,以河北省内多个革命纪念馆的外宣翻译为例,分析了译者如何采用各种手段,使译文更好地适应翻译生态环境,达到更好的对外宣传效果。研究认为,革命纪念馆外宣翻译首先应致力于讲好中国共产党的革命故事,让外国参观者更好地了解党的奋斗历程,满足大环境对翻译的要求。另外,应使译文贴近国外受众对中国信息的要求,从而适应外宣翻译的中环境。最后,译者应在不同的维度进行适应性选择转换,从而更好地满足小环境对翻译的要求。

译者的适应与选择分析——以《檀香刑》日译本为例

翻译研究有多种途径,其中翻译适应选择论借用达尔文进化论中“适应/选择”学说的基本原理和思想对翻译本体做出新解,为翻译研究提供崭新的研究范式。该理论以译者为中心,立足翻译生态环境,将翻译本质解释为“译者适应翻译生态环境的选择活动”,将翻译活动分为译者适应与译者选择两个阶段,并强调在翻译过程中译者要努力实现多维度适应与适应性选择。《檀香刑》是莫言的长篇代表作,在国内外引起研究与翻译热潮,其日译本至今仍备受日本读者的喜爱与好评。译者多维度适应《檀香刑》的翻译生态环境,恰当的适应性选择转换维护了原语与译语的生态平衡,译出高质量的译本,推动了中国文学与文化向日本的传播。

粤港澳大湾区营商语言景观的翻译现状及翻译策略研究——以广州市为例

粤港澳大湾区是一个改革开放比较早、国际经济贸易比较发达的地区,但在语言景观翻译方面仍然存在一些问题。基于粤港澳大湾区最大的城市——广州的语言景观个别案例,阐释语言景观的概念及其研究现状,分析大湾区营商语言景观翻译在文化、语境、语言、表达形式等层面存在的问题,提出政府部门应加大力度统筹协调、教育部门应加强中译外人才的培养、译员应遵循立足“本手”、避免“俗手”、巧用“妙手”的翻译原则进行变译,并采用多模态表达形式等措施,通过“政府、教育部门、译员三方协同”来提高粤港澳大湾区营商语言景观的翻译质量。

“创造性叛逆”视阈下译者的适应与选择——以《圣诞颂歌》的两个汉译本为例

翻译适应选择论与创造性叛逆是相辅相成的两个理论。翻译活动中的创造性叛逆现象是不可避免的,由于译者需要适应翻译生态环境而采取一定的翻译策略,必然会导致不忠实原文的“叛逆”行为。查尔斯·狄更斯三部圣诞小说之一的《圣诞颂歌》有多个汉译本,其中,邓嘉宛和吴均陶的译本语言特色各异。文章通过翻译适应选择论来分析其二人译本中出现的创造性叛逆现象,并探究其背后的原因及评析译本的质量。

转化医学发展背景下医学生临床科研复合型人才的培养

转化医学是目前医学科学的“战略性”发展方向,而培养临床科研复合型人才是实现转化医学可持续发展的关键。医学生作为未来医学的储备军,培养医学生成为临床科研复合型人才势在必行。文章结合医学生培养现状,提出培养医学生成为临床科研复合型人才关键在于实现“外在”和“内在”两个核心。“外在”主要是营造良好的临床科研并重的培养环境,包括学校及医院管理层高度重视、搭建良好的学术平台、发挥导师的积极引导作用、完善奖惩考评制度。“内在”主要是兼顾培养临床实力,提升医学生科研能力,包括引导医学生观念转变、以临床实力为基石提升科研思维、注重培养科研“实操”能力、砥砺科研素养和品格。“两个核心”的提出可为转化医学理念下医学生的培养提供新的思路。

当翻译遇上元宇宙:数字社会的翻译实践图景探析

元宇宙技术标志着互联网的进化序列进入全新阶段,它具有沉浸式体验、去中心化、虚拟化分身和开放式创造等特征,有助于构建一个物理、人类和信息三元世界深度融合的数字社会。元宇宙时代的到来将深度改变翻译工作环境,革新翻译实践模式,为翻译行业带来前所未有的发展机遇和各种挑战。本文考察了元宇宙的技术体系和核心特征,在此基础上展望网络连接技术、数据处理技术、确权认证技术、虚实交互技术和内容生产技术对未来数字社会的翻译实践模式可能产生的影响,勾画未来翻译实践的可能图景,并探讨翻译服务供应方、翻译技术开发方、翻译人才培养方、翻译服务需求方等翻译服务产业链相关方应当如何应对元宇宙给翻译实践模式带来的挑战,以期为翻译学习者和翻译从业者的未来职业规划提供一定的参考。

中文版护士工作环境感知量表的开发

目的:编译护士工作环境感知量表;检验该量表的信度和效度,初步建立中文版护士工作环境感知量表,为评估我国护士工作环境整体状况提供有效的测评工具。方法:①严格遵循外文量表翻译原则,首先对量表进行翻译及回译,然后进行文化调适;②通过对200名临床护士进行预测试,检验中文版护士工作环境感知量表的信度和效度。结果:中文版量表经过主轴因子法方差最大正交旋转,共抽出6个因子,41个条目,各因子的贡献率在17.66%～5.33%之间,累计贡献率为62.64%。中文版量表Cronbach's α系数为0.958,各因子的Cronbach's α系数在0.785～0.929之间,折半信度为0.809,各因子的折半信度在0.775～0.915之间。结论:中文版护士工作环境感知量表的信度、效度较好,达到了心理测量学的要求,对评价及改善我国护士工作环境状况具有一定的应用价值,适用于客观评价中国护士的工作环境状况。

塔里木河下游生态环境对输水的积极响应

塔里木河下游是我国西部生态与环境问题最为突出的地区。由于人类不合理的资源开发,导致该地区生态问题日益突出。本文结合塔里木河下游5次生态输水,通过3年对输水后生态环境变化的监测,就塔里木河下游生态环境对输水的积极响应进行了分析。结果显示:(1)生态输水后地下水位在时间上和空间上各有其变化规律,在时间上近河道水位响应快,远河道水位响应慢。在空间上距河道不同距离和不同河段上地下水上升的幅度不同。(2)输水后天然植被的响应主要表现在植被种类和植被盖度的增加上;(3)鉴于输水后生态响应的范围仍然较小,因此输水工程还应该继续进行并适当调整输水的方式。

高线加速度下电动振动台机电耦合特性的研究

利用机电分析动力学方法 ,对高线加速度下热与振动复合环境试验的子系统——离心机 -振动台进行建模和仿真分析。仿真结果表明 ,在离心力场下 ,电动振动台动圈平衡位置及系统固有频率发生变化 ,直接影响振动台正常工作 ;机电耦合非线性项的存在 ,使振动台输出波形发生失真。

绿色翻译:内涵与表现

本文基于国内生态翻译学,提出了绿色翻译的概念,对其主要内涵与具体表现做了粗略分析。绿色翻译提倡重复利用相关翻译资源,充分发挥译者的主体性与创造性,努力打造精品译文,体现了互文翻译观、和谐翻译观以及诚信翻译观,有利于实现不同主体、文本与文化之间的和谐共存以及营造宜生健康的翻译生态环境。绿色翻译的提出具有一定的理论意义和实践价值,可望为翻译生态学的持续发展注入新的活力。