Design of an Analog Front End for Passive UHF RFID Transponder IC

This paper introduces a high-performance analog front end for a passive UHF RFID transponder IC, which is compatible with the ISO/IEC 18000-6B standard,operating at the 915MHz ISM band with a total supply current consumption less than 8μA. There are no external components, except for the antenna. The passive IC＇s power supply is taken from the energy of the received RF electromagnetic field with the help of a Schottky diode rectifier. The RFID analog front end includes a local oscillator, clock generator, power on reset circuit, matching network and backscatter,rectifier,regulator, and AM demodulator. The IC, whose reading distance is more than 3m,is fabricated with a Chartered 0.35μm two-poly four-metal CMOS process with Schottky diodes and is EEPROM supported. The core size is 300μm × 720μm.

A Novel Impedance Matching Approach for Passive UHF RFID Transponder ICs

This paper presents a novel impedance matching approach for passive UHF RFID transponder ICs,which are compatible with the ISO/IEC 18000-6B standard and operate in the 915MHz ISM band. The passive UHF RFID transponder with complex impedances is powered by received RF energy. The approach uses the parasitic inductance of the antenna to implement ASK modulation by adjusting the capacitive reactance of the matching network, which changes with the backscatter circuit. The impedance matching achieves maximum power transfer between the reader, antenna, and transponder. The transponder IC,whose operating distance is more than 4m with the impedance matching approach,is fabricated using a Chartered 0.35μm two-poly four-metal CMOS process that supports Schottky diodes and EEPROM.

光通信用10Gbit/s Transponder的设计

本文分析了在高速光模块设计中介质损耗和微带结构对信号的影响,并对PCB中信号串扰模型的参数进行了计算.解决了高速光模块设计的一些关键问题,设计出满足MSA的300-pin transponder,并对模块进行了一系列性能和指标测试.测试结果表明,该模块完全满足SDH/SONET(STM-64/OC-192)以及10G Ethernet应用要求.

A Passive NCITS 256 UHF RFID Transponder

This paper presents a passive UHF radio frequency identification （RFID） transponder with 2k bit standard commercial EEPROM in compliance with the NCITS 256 protocol. The communication range is 1.5m for the read operation and 0.3m for the write operation with 4W effective isotropic radiated power （EIRP） at 915MHz. The integrated IC is implemented in SMIC 0.18μm EEPROM CMOS technology. The die size is 1mm × 1mm. The energy of the tag is harvested from RF electromagnetic waves transmitted by the reader with the help of a Schottky diode rectifier and achieves 25% power efficiency.

An analog front-end circuit for ISO/IEC 15693-compatible RFID transponder IC

The 13.56 MHz analog front-end circuit for ISO/IEC 15693-compatible radio frequency identification (RFID) trans- ponder IC presented in this paper converts RF power to DC and extracts clock and data from the interrogator by 10% or 100% ASK modulation. The transponder sends data back to the interrogator by load modulation technology. The electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuits function to limit RF voltage to a safe level. An inductive coupling simulation modelling for 13.56 MHz RFID system is presented, with simulation results showing that the transponder operates over a wide range of electromagnetic field strength from Hmin (150 mA/m) to Hmax (5 A/m). The transponder IC is implemented in SMIC 0.35-μm three-metal two-poly mixed signal CMOS technology with embedded EEPROM.

40Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK Transponder模块的技术研究

文章重点介绍了40Gbit/sRZ-DQPSK(归零码-差分正交相移键控)Transponder模块的组成和关键技术,针对发射端和接收端控制给出了合理的实验方案。通过眼图、星座图以及光信噪比试验进行验证,眼图良好,光信噪比为12.3dB。实验结果表明,采用该方案设计出的光模块的参数能满足标准要求,可以应用于光通信领域。

Vertex Ⅳ、Transponder T3在林业上的使用

指出了测量是贯穿于森林资源调查、规划、林业各项工程施工、监测等全过程的最基础工序,该工序完成的准确性和实用性对林业各项工作的成效影响很大。介绍了一种基于超声波测距原理的测量工具,VertexⅣ和Transponder T3,通过该组工具的配合使用,可方便、快捷、科学、高效地完成林业外业工作中常用的树高、距离、角度、断面积的测量工作,尤其适合样圆法调查。提出了该组测量仪器使用的注意事项,希望对相关工作提供借鉴和参考。

DESIGN ISSUES FOR BIT RATE-ADAPTIVE 3R O/E/O TRANSPONDER IN INTELLIGENT OPTICAL NETWORKS

This paper reported the design and implementation of a bit rate adaptive Optical Electronic Optical(O/E/O)transponder accomplishing almost full data rate transparency up to 2.5 Gb/s with 3R(Reamplifying,Reshaping and Retiming)processing in electronic domain.Based on the chipsets performing clock recovery in several continuous bit rate ranges,a clock and data regenerating circuit self adaptive to the bit rate of input signal was developed.Key design issues were presented,laying stress on the functional building blocks and scheme for the bit rate adaptive retiming circuit.The experimental results show a good scalability performance.

Long-Term Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT) Tag Retention in Juvenile Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout

Two hundred and forty-three juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss ranging from 73 to 119 mm were implanted with 8, 9, or 10 mm Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags, with tag retention and fish survival observed for 343 days. Similarly, 173 brown trout Salmo trutta ranging from 71 to 86 mm were implanted with 8 or 10 mm PIT tags and observed for 293 days. Over the entire duration of the study, rainbow trout ejected only six tags, while no tags were ejected from the brown trout. All of the rainbow trout tag ejections occurred before 50 days post-tagging. There was no significant difference in the length or weight of fish that ejected tags compared to those that retained tags. No fish died during the trials. These results indicate that rainbow trout and brown trout at the sizes used in this study can be safely implanted with, and subsequently retain, up to 10 mm PIT tags for durations of nearly one year.

A New Independent GPS-Free System for Geo-Referencing from Space

A new system’s geo-referencing from space is entirely free from any GNSS (GPS or equivalent) systems. The system addresses to various strategic and economic applications such as in remote clock synchronism, aircraft and balloon navigation, missile and smart bombs tracking, satellite orbital determination and remote target geo-positioning. The new geometry concept corresponds to an “inverted GPS” configuration, utilizing four ground-based reference stations, synchronized in time, installed at well known geodesic coordinates and a repeater in space, carried by an aircraft, balloon, satellite, etc. Signal transmitted by one of the reference bases is retransmitted by the transponder, received back by the four bases, producing four ranging measurements which are corrected for the time delays undergone in every retransmission. A minimization function was derived to compare the repeater’s positions referred to at least two groups of three reference bases, to correct for the signal transit time at the repeater and propagation delays, and consequently to provide the accurate repeater position for each time interaction. Once the repeater’s coordinates are known, the other determinations and applications become straightforward. The system solving algorithm and process performance has been demonstrated by simulations adopting a practical example with the transponder carried by an aircraft moving over bases and a target on the ground. Effects produced by reference clock synchronism uncertainties at the four bases on the measurements are reviewed.

Simulation Analysis of Transponder Power Based on Target Flight Trajectory

The directional angle of the exterior trajectory measurement equipment in the transponder antenna coordinate system is an important basis for interpreting the transponder antenna gain, analyzing the uplink and downlink power of the transponder, and evaluating the measurement and tracking ability of the equipment. The mathematical model established in this paper deduces the direction angle of the exterior trajectory measurement equipment in the transponder antenna coordinate system according to the track information of the flight target, and then obtains the transponder power received by the exterior trajectory measurement equipment combined with the installation position of the transponder, the antenna pattern and the secondary radar formula. It can effectively evaluate the tracking ability of the equipment in measuring segment and adjust the working state of the equipment according to the actual situation. At the same time, it provides a theoretical basis for the ground measurement equipment to receive the transponder power is too low, resulting in the measurement data accuracy is not up to standard, or even lost.

Ultraprecision intersatellite laser interferometry

Precision measurement tools are compulsory to reduce measurement errors or machining errors in the processes of calibration and manufacturing.The laser interferometer is one of the most important measurement tools invented in the 20th century.Today,it is commonly used in ultraprecision machining and manufacturing,ultraprecision positioning control,and many noncontact optical sensing technologies.So far,the state-of-the-art laser interferometers are the ground-based gravitational-wave detectors,e.g.the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory(LIGO).The LIGO has reached the measurement quantum limit,and some quantum technologies with squeezed light are currently being tested in order to further decompress the noise level.In this paper,we focus on the laser interferometry developed for space-based gravitational-wave detection.The basic working principle and the current status of the key technologies of intersatellite laser interferometry are introduced and discussed in detail.The launch and operation of these large-scale,gravitational-wave detectors based on space-based laser interferometry is proposed for the 2030s.

10Gbit/sDW DM用光收发关键技术研究

10 Gbit/ s DWDM光收发模块决定着 DWDM设备的关键技术指标 ,因此本文深入讨论了光收发模块的关键技术 ,包括光接收技术、光发射技术和电复用 \解复用技术 ,从系统的角度提出了 10 Gbit/ s DWDMTransponder的设计思路 ,并且得到了实现。

A voltage regulator system with dynamic bandwidth boosting for passive UHF RFID transponders

This paper presents a voltage regulator system for passive UHF RFID transponders, which contains a rectifier, a limiter, and a regulator. The rectifier achieves power by rectifying the incoming RF energy. Due to the huge variation of the rectified voltage, a limiter at the rectifier output is used to clamp the rectified voltage. In this paper, the design of a limiter circuit is discussed in detail, which can provide a stable limiting voltage with low sensitivity to temperature variation and process dispersion. The key aspect of the voltage regulator system is the dynamic bandwidth boosting in the regulator. By sensing the excess current that is bypassed in the limiter during periods of excess energy, the bias current as well as the bandwidth of the regulator are increased, the output supply voltage can recover quickly from line transients during the periods of no RF energy to a full blast of RF energy. This voltage regulator system is implemented in a 0.18μm CMOS process.

基于FPGA的机载应答机分集处理设计

本文介绍了一种基于FPGA的机载应答机分集设计,通过仿真测试、系统测试表明:分集处理设计达到相关标准的技术要求,通过分集功能,能够有效提高载机对空、对地以及机动条件下的识别概率,对提高二次雷达系统监视性能有着重要的意义。

Simulation of dual transponder carrier ranging measurements

The most dominant error source for microwave ranging is the frequency instability of the oscillator that generates the carrier phase signal. The oscillator noise is very difficult to filter due to its extremely low frequency. A dual transponder carrier ranging method can effectively minimize the oscillator noise by combing the reference phase and the to-and-fro measurement phase from the same single oscillator. This method does not require an accurate time tagging system, since it extracts phases on the same satellite. This paper analyzes the dual transponder carrier ranging system by simulation of the phase measurements with comprehensive error models. Both frequency domain and time domain noise transfer characteristics were simulated to compare them with dual one-way ranging. The simulation results in the two domains conformed to each other and demonstrated that a high level of accuracy can also be achieved by use of the dual transponder carder ranging system, with relatively simple instruments.

Implementation of an 8ch GbE Multiplexing Transponder

We report the implementation of a transponder to transmit eight channels of a Gigabit Ethernet signal transparently in an Optical Transport Network(OTN). This transponder is based on framing technologies for Ethernet over SDH over OTN. This framing structure offers an attractive option for carrying data traffic over the OTN.

Design and Implementation of 10 Gbps Optical Add-Drop Transponder

10 Gbps optical add-drop transponder, which can accommodate VSR (very short reach) to LR (long reach) subnetworks, is designed and implemented. The transponder consists of an OCA (optical transport network connection assembly), a SCA (sub-network connection assembly), and a FECA (forward error correction assembly).

Low modulation index RF signal detection for a passive UHF RFID transponder

In a typical RFID system the reader transmits modulated RF power to provide both data and energy for the passive transponder. Low modulation index RF energy is preferable for an adequate tag power supply and increase in communication range but gives rise to difficulties for near-field conventional demodulation. Therefore, a novel ASK demodulator for minimum 20% modulation index RF signal detection over a range of 23 dB is presented. Thanks to the proposed innovative divisional linear conversion from the power into voltage signal, the detection sensitivity is ensured over a wide power range with low power consumption of 8.6 μW. The chip is implemented in UMC 0.18μm mix-mode CMOS technology, and the chip area is 0.06 mm^2.