The new control system of HLS linac and transport line

The new linac and transport line control system of Hefei Light Source (HLS) is a distributed control sys- tem based on EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System). Industrial PC (IPC) is widely used as not only Input/Output Controller (IOC) but also device controller. Besides industrial PC, PLC and microcontroller are also used as device controllers. The software for industrial PC based device controller is developed based on VxWorks real-time operating system. The software for PLC and microcontroller are written with ladder software package and assemble language, respectively. PC with Linux and SUN workstation with Solaris are used as operator interfaces (OPI). High level control is made up of some EPICS tools and Tcl/Tk scripts.

Design of the beam transport line and injection system of the compact storage ring for TTX

In this article, we present the design of the beam transport line and injection system of the compact storage ring for the Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray (TTX) source. The layout of the beam transport line fits in with the limited available space. The injection system is simplified, consisting of only one single kicker; the stray field on the reference orbit is also reduced without the septum magnet. We choose a travelling wave kicker and present both 2D and 3D simulations for the structure design.

Mass and Energy Transportation in Ore-Forming Processes of Sulfide Deposits in Tongling District

Based on dynamics of heat conduction, fluid flow caused by heating and chemical material transport induced by fluid flow, temperature and stream fields of fluid flow in ore-forming processes of Cu-Au sulfide in the Tongling district deposits was modeled and analyzed. It is shown that: (1) Mass and energy flow caused by fluid flow is key problem of kythrothermal ore-forming processes; the heating from magma intruded is basic power for driving fluid flow. (2) occurrence of pluton, different chemical property and porosity of wall rocks and infiltration restrict the specifically field of precipitation for ore-forming material.Therefore, the dissolution and precipitation field for ore-forming material in deposit can be forecasted. (3) Iron and sulfur material comes mostly from sandstone formation of Wutong Group, which contains pyrite and high porosity. The cataclastic dolomite interlayered in sandstone and limestone is a favorable place for ore accumulating. The difference of chemical property between sandstone and dolomite forms a favorable interface for ore-forming processes.

A Three-Dimensional Model of Transport and Diffusion of Seeding Agents within Stratus

It is essential to learn the temporal and spatial concentration distributions and variations of seeding agents in cloud seeding of precipitation enhancement. A three-dimensional puff trajectory model incorporating a mesoscale nonhydrostatic model has been formulated, and is applied to simulating the transporting and diffusive characteristics of multiple line sources of seeding agents within super-cooled stratus. Several important factors are taken into consideration that affect the diffusion of seeding materials such as effects of topography and vertical wind shear, temporal and spatial variation of seeding parameters and wet deposition. The particles of seeding agents are assumed to be almost inert, they have no interaction with the particles of the cloud or precipitation except that they are washed out by precipitation. The model validity is demonstrated by the analyses and comparisons of model results, and checked by the sensitivity experiments of diffusive coefficients and atmospheric stratification. The advantage of this model includes not only its exact reflection of heterogeneity and unsteadiness of background fields, but also its good simulation of transport and diffusion of multiple line sources. The horizontal diffusion rate and the horizontal transport distance have been proposed that they usually were difficult to obtain in other models. In this simulation the horizontal diffusion rate is 0.82 m s(-1) for average of one hour, and the horizontal average transport distance reaches 65 km after 1 4 which are closely related to the background Fields.

Simulation Analysis of Transmission-Line Impedance Transformers for Petawatt-Class Pulsed Power Accelerators

Based on the transmission line code TLCODE, a 1D circuit model for a transmission- line impedance transformer was developed and the simulation results were compared with those in the literature. The model was used to quantify the efficiencies of voltage-transport, energy- transport and power-transport for a transmission-line impedance transformer as functions of ψ （the ratio of the output impedance to the input impedance of the transformer） and Г （the ratio of the pulse width to the one-way transit time of the transformer） under a large scale of m （the coefficient of the generalized exponential impedance profile）. Simulation results suggest that with the increase in Г, from 0 to ∞, the power transport efficiency first increases and then decreases. The maximum power transport efficiency can reach 90% or even higher for an exponential impedance profile （m = 1）. With a consideration of dissipative loss in the dielectric and electrodes of the transformer, two representative designs of the water-insulated transformer are investigated for the next generation of petawatt-class z-pinch drivers. It is found that the dissipative losses in the electrodes are negligibly small, below 0.1%, but the dissipative loss in the water dielectric is about 1% to 4%.

Construction of Bioartificial Renal Tubule Assist Device In Vitro and Its Function of Transporting Sodium and Glucose

To explore a new way of constructing bioartificial renal tubule assist device （RAD） in vitro and its function of transporting sodium （Na^＋） and glucose and to evaluate the application of atomic force microscope in the RAD construction, rat renal tubular epithelial cell line NRK-52E was cultured in vitro, seeded onto the outer surfaces of hollow fibers in a bioreactor, and then cultured for two weeks to construct RAD. Bioreactor hollow fibers without NRK-52E cells were used as control. The morphologies of attached cells were observed with scanning electron microscope, and the junctions of cells and polysulfone membrane were observed with atomic force microscope. Transportation of Na＋ and glucose was measured. Oubaine and phlorizin were used to inhibit the transporting property. The results showed that NRK-52E cells and polysulfone membrane were closely linked, as observed under atomic force microscope. After exposure to oubaine and phlorizin, transporting rates of Na^＋ and glucose were decreased significantly in the RAD group as compared with that in the control group （P〈0.01）. Furthermore, when the inhibitors were removed, transportation of Na^＋ and glucose was restored. It is concluded that a new RAD was constructed successfully in vitro, and it is able to selectively transport Na^＋ and glucose.

区域轨道交通跨线站配线方案研究

“四网融合”发展背景下,区域轨道交通网络化运营成为重要发展趋势,而跨线站则是实现不同轨道交通线路互联互通的关键节点,因此有必要对跨线站设计进行探究。从优化车站运输组织出发,对跨线站配线方案进行研究,为实际配线布设提供参考。首先,以跨线运营模式为研究对象,根据跨线前后信号制式异同,将跨线分为同信号制式跨线和跨信号制式跨线,分析两种跨线模式列车作业种类及流程,并研究两种模式下行车组织、承载客流形式、应急管理等因素对于车站配线设置的相关需求。之后,结合配线需求,针对同信号制式和跨信号制式跨线站,分别提出了配线布置原则。最后,基于布置原则,在进一步分析两种跨线站列车作业特征基础上,研究并提出适用于不同车站构型、不同客流特征的典型配线设置方法,并进一步考虑运输组织适应性、建筑规模、工程量等因素提出适应不同实际运营场景的建议方案。通过研究,对于同信号制式跨线站,建议以在发车端设单渡线、交叉渡线等配线为主;对于跨信号制式跨线站,结合当前技术条件建议增设到发线,并根据实际需求设置折返线等其他配线。

高速铁路列车开行方案与票价票额综合优化

为提升高速铁路的运营组织水平和盈利能力,本文提出高铁列车开行方案与票价票额综合优化方法。首先,构建分时客流需求与票价间弹性需求函数,并分析包括出发时段偏差、乘车耗时及票价的旅客广义出行成本,进而采用多项式Logit模型描述分时弹性客流的列车选择行为。在此基础上,以客票总收入与运营总成本之差最大为目标构建三者综合优化模型。其次,利用OD总收益关于列车票价的偏导构造票价方案搜索策略,使票价邻域解和列车开行方案邻域解相适应,并运用Cplex求解对应的最优票额分配方案,设计模拟退火算法求解模型。最后,基于郑西高速铁路进行算例分析,结果表明:在7个不同弹性系数下进行综合优化,旅客出行成功率和列车平均客座率均在90%以上,优化解的列车开行方案、票价方案及票额分配方案均高度匹配;在5组不同规模算例中,三者综合优化的运营净收益相比于固定票价下的开行方案与票额联合优化和固定开行方案下的票价与票额联合优化,分别提高了4.11%~15.25%和3.17%~13.42%,且人均单位里程出行成本亦分别降低了1.69%~4.96%和0.97%~4.35%,表明综合优化更好地提升了高速铁路的运营收益和旅客服务水平。

上海轨道交通既有线运能提升研究

[目的]通过总结上海城市轨道交通既有线运能提升改造项目的实施经验,为其提出有效的运能提升方法及具体案例。[方法]深入分析上海轨道交通既有线运能不足的主要原因及其影响因素;基于这些分析,提出运能提升的技术路线及5大核心策略;详细介绍了上海轨道交通9号线实现1 min 50 s最小行车间隔、3号线与4号线增能改造、5号线从4节编组扩编至6节编组、6号线增能改造及增设复线等成功案例。[结果及结论]影响线路运能的主要因素包括车辆基地规模、区间通过能力、出入场能力,以及供电能力等。针对这些因素,确定了运能提升的技术路线,即从客流预测及客流特征分析入手,进行设施设备能力评估,设计行车交路方案,最终形成科学的改造方案。同时,提出了5大策略:运营管理优化、既有系统能力挖潜及改造、信号系统升级或土建局部改造、系统规模性改造及线网整体优化。

菏兰铁路引入兰考南站方案研究

研究目的:设计方案比选是一个多目标、多因素、多层次的系统工程。因引入新增线路,结合预测运量,既有线路的通过能力远期已趋于饱和,需进行各方案的优缺点分析,并合理选择引入方案。本文通过菏兰铁路引入兰考南站方案研究,选择合理的引入方案,确定合理的线路走向,达到降低工程难度和节省投资的目的。研究结论:(1)本文通过对运输组织、技术经济、车站咽喉疏解近期工程、同步实施线下工程、已实施工程等诸多方面的研究,结合河南省最新城际铁路网规划,分析各方案的优缺点,确定出相对优化的推荐方案,即上下行联络线分别在东西咽喉疏解方案;(2)通过运营条件、线路长度、工程投资等诸多方面的分析,结合沿线村镇分布、联络线设置条件等因素,对引入兰考南站线路方案进行了研究,推荐东绕仪封乡以R=3 000 m限速引入兰考南站方案;(3)本文研究可为类似项目的方案比选奠定理论基础,具有一定的参考价值。

考虑Pareto最优的列车运行图与维修天窗协调优化

列车运行图与维修天窗之间的冲突始终无法避免,且维修天窗开设时间的长短显著影响列车总运行时间。针对此问题,综合考虑维修天窗对列车运行造成的限速约束、车站到发线数量约束等,建立列车总运行时间最小,以及维修天窗实际开设时长与理想时长总偏差最小的双目标混合整数规划模型;对困难约束设置中间辅助变量将模型线性化以提高求解效率,并设计约束转换算法求解双目标模型的Pareto最优;微观化处理铁路线,将站内资源和站间资源细化为一系列行车资源单元,得到更加符合实际旅客运输需求的运行图。以某地区铁路线夜间开行列车及维修天窗开设计划为研究背景,调用商业软件求解双目标函数模型的Pareto最优,并对双目标模型的最小支配解和最优支配解进行对比分析;针对最优支配解下的列车进入、离开行车资源单元的时间、停站作业时间及维修天窗的开始时间及开设时长,绘制列车运行图。求解结果表明:模型在满足维修天窗最小开设时长的同时,能够兼顾列车运行总时间最小和维修天窗开设时长更充裕。基于最优支配解绘制的列车运行图表明:微观路网下的列车运行时刻表优化结果更符合实际旅客运输生产作业需要。研究结果可为铁路运营管理部门进一步优化列车运行图编制与维修天窗开设提供参考。

广州市城市轨道交通车站及线路分类

城市轨道交通在带动沿线经济发展的同时,也出现了与城市功能发展不协调、运力资源利用不充分不平衡的问题。基于广州市12条城市轨道交通线路185个车站周边地区的人口、用地、客流量、POI、道路网和公共汽车交通设施等5类66项指标数据,采用K-均值聚类方法将城市轨道交通车站划分为极端就业型、高度开发偏就业型、高度开发偏居住型、中度综合开发型、低度开发偏就业型、低度开发偏居住型6类。以不同城市轨道交通线路中各类型车站比例和运营指标数据为依据,将城市轨道交通线路划分为梯度平衡型、职住极化型、功能混合型、客流不足型4类。最后,提出广州市应以城市轨道交通廊道为整体来策划沿线车站的功能定位、周边用地开发强度和配套设施,从而推动形成城市轨道交通廊道上的职住梯度平衡。

油田集输站库储罐甲烷逸散规律的连续监测分析

作为油气上游业务的集输站库,其储罐甲烷逸散状况在“碳达峰、碳中和”背景下受到广泛关注。目前通过模型估算的储罐甲烷逸散结果误差大,采样监测因随机性也导致结果不可靠。采用新型有机气体监测仪,对集输站库典型储罐的呼吸和甲烷逸散进行了连续监测分析,结果表明:(1)拱顶罐呼吸和甲烷逸散明显,无油气回收系统的拱顶罐最大日呼气累计流量达97.7 m^(3)/d,最大日甲烷逸散量83.05 m^(3)/d;有油气回收系统的拱顶罐日呼气累计流量<1.0 m^(3),日甲烷逸散量≤0.2 m^(3)/d;安装节能呼吸阀后拱顶罐日呼气累计流量和日甲烷逸散量分别降低至原来的20.9%和9.6%;浮顶罐几乎无甲烷逸散。(2)集输站库储罐呼吸日进程和季节特征明显。拱顶罐呼吸活动集中在12:00—18:00时段,高温季节呼吸量明显上升。

市域列车与城际列车共线运营开行方案优化研究

目前我国市域铁路处于初步发展阶段,运输组织理论研究体系尚不完善,对市域铁路与其他制式共线运营的列车开行方案协同编制问题研究不充分,已难以适应轨道交通互联互通发展趋势。针对这些问题,从乘客出行时间和企业运营成本的角度出发,建立市域铁路与城际铁路共线运营的列车开行方案编制模型,设计基于NSGA-Ⅱ的求解算法,并以上海机场联络线为案例,证明所提模型和设计算法能有效求解共线运营列车开行方案,同时表明共线列车开行方案能有效节省乘客总出行时间,提高轨道交通系统服务水平。

陕北煤炭东出新径路方案研究

2022年陕北榆林煤炭产量5.84亿t,其中铁路煤炭外运量为3亿t,预测远期铁路煤炭外运量为4.8亿t,其中东出运量2.6亿t。该地区的煤炭东出运输主要依赖于包西铁路衔接太中银—黄韩侯—陇海—包兰等横向铁路通道。由于包西铁路榆林至绥德段能力已饱和,太中银铁路后方径路石太段能力趋于饱和,无法满足区域煤炭进一步东出的需求,研究提出构筑陕北煤炭东出新径路。研究从工程投资、通道规模、运营管理、运输组织、通道布局及沿线经济带动等角度对比分析了2个方案:一是沿既有神木西至瓦塘通道扩能方案,二是沿规划新建榆佳临通道方案。沿既有神木西至瓦塘通道的扩能方案,充分利用既有铁路设施和富余运能,工程建设规模小,服务沿线更多矿区煤炭集运需求,实现路网整体效益最大化;扩能方案形成径路顺直、运输流畅的陕煤东出新通道,有效解决陕煤东向运输能力不足问题,同时释放包西铁路瓶颈区段运能,支撑陕煤南向运输。

基于食物链传递黄芪多糖对线纹海马幼体的影响

线纹海马是一种重要的海洋经济生物,但其幼体期及运输后的高死亡率一直是困扰产业发展的难题。本研究以2日龄线纹海马为研究对象,设置5个黄芪多糖浓度去强化卤虫处理:(1)CK,0 g·L^(-1);(2)T_(1),0.5 g·L^(-1);(3)T_(2),1.0 g·L^(-1);(4)T_(3),2.0 g·L^(-1);(5)T_(4),4.0 g·L^(-1),探究黄芪多糖通过食物链传递对线纹海马生长性能、存活率以及运输胁迫后生理生化指标的影响。在为期30 d的养殖实验中,发现线纹海马体长、体质量、体质量特定增长率等生长指标均随着黄芪多糖添加量的增加呈现先升高再降低的变化趋势。4个黄芪多糖浓度强化处理的各个生长指标均显著高于CK,且各生长指标的最大值均出现在T_(2)处理。而各处理的海马存活率与生长指标有类似的趋势,T_(2)处理的存活率最高,为53.00%,显著高于CK、T_(1)处理。进一步调查发现,各组海马在12 h的模拟运输后的生理生化指标存在显著差异。在抗氧化能力方面,T_(2)、T_(3)处理的过氧化氢酶(CAT)与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著大于其他处理(P<0.05),而丙二醛(MDA)含量则显著小于其他处理(P<0.05),但T_(2)、T_(3)处理之间无显著差异。对于免疫水平,T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)处理的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著高于CK和T_(1)处理(P<0.05),但T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)处理之间无显著差异,而T_(2)处理的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性则显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。研究表明,投喂适量黄芪多糖强化的卤虫可以显著提高线纹海马生长性能和存活率,增强线纹海马抵抗运输胁迫的能力。该研究成果对优化线纹海马的养殖和运输技术提供了有力的数据支撑。

城市轨道交通延伸线路列车编组方案研究--以青岛地铁6号线二期为例

列车编组作为城市轨道交通技术标准之一,对线路建设及后期运营至关重要,在各地线网不断向城市边缘延伸,客流出现中心城区客流大,边缘地区客流小,或初、近期客流小,远期客流大等时空不均衡特征的背景下,对既有延伸线的编组研究刻不容缓。首先,对国内外城市轨道交通编组的使用情况进行总结,说明混跑编组、灵活编组的应用趋势;之后,以青岛轨道交通6号线二期工程为例,根据客流确定固定6编组、4辆、6辆混跑编组的开行方案,基于运营角度选取全日、高峰满载率、全日牵引能耗、车辆购置费等评价指标,对6号线采用两方案进行系统比选;并分析混跑编组方案对站台门系统、通信系统、信号系统、场段规模的改造成本。研究结果表明:6号线采用4辆、6辆混跑后,运营方面初、近、远期客流服务水平均可提高3对/h,同时全日及高峰满载率有所提高,经济性方面车辆购置费可节约1.1亿元,电耗节约6.2亿元,工程、系统改造成本为1.4亿元,综合来看,运营期按25年综合成本可节约5.9亿元。综合运营、经济两方面6号线二期推荐4辆、6辆混跑编组方案。

共线公交线路协调发车间隔优化模型及实践

针对公交线路重复率过高问题,考虑多条公交线路中存在共线情况,将共线公交线路的发车间隔进行协调优化,减少了乘客和企业的加权成本和。构建了以乘客出行时间成本、公交运营成本加权和最小为目标的协调发车间隔优化模型,并采用熵值法计算权重,运用GeoGebra图形计算器计算最优解。结果表明:高峰小时节约成本共计268.85元,节约成本占实际运行成本的4.18%.在节约乘客候车成本的基础上,提高公交吸引量,提升乘客出行满意度,提高公交企业营运效率.

轨道交通机场专线客运服务标准化研究

轨道交通机场专线是专门服务大型机场的一类特殊线路,其功能定位、客流主体、客流特征、服务标准与市区普通的轨道交通线路存在差异,目前尚缺乏针对此类轨道交通专线的客运服务标准。为更好地满足机场客流的快速集散需求、提高机场专线客运服务质量,有必要制定与之匹配的客运服务标准。首先,从客流结构、线路技术条件、乘客出行需求等角度分析轨道交通机场专线运营服务的特殊性;其次,梳理现有轨道交通客运服务标准,阐述轨道交通机场专线客运服务标准建立的必要性;最后,从标准编制原则、标准框架设计及运营服务重点内容等方面给出客运服务标准的编制建议。研究成果以期为轨道交通机场专线客运服务标准的编制提供参考。