ROLE IN MOISTURE TRANSPORTATION OF SEASONAL MEAN AND INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS IN ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON AREA——LONG-TERM AVERAGE CHARACTERISTICS

By use of the May—September 1980—1986 ECMWF daily data of u,v,r and T at 850 hPa,a comparative analysis is performed of basic features of moisture transportation at seasonal mean,quasi-40-day,-biweekly,and-weekly oscillations,indicating that the seasonal mean transfer plays a decisive role in the moisture flux over the Asian monsoon region,displaying the integer of the monsoon systems there in character;that the transport related to these tropical intraseasonal oscillations are of equal importance in the monsoon period except the difference in their behaviors,i.e.,the transfer shows considerable relative independence in the South-and East-Asian systems;and that the transport at all these intraseasonal oscillations is found to be feeble at equatorial latitudes with little or no influence on each other for both hemispheres.

Alternative Interpretation of Speckle Autocorrelation Imaging Through Scattering Media

High-resolution optical imaging through or within thick scattering media is a long sought after yet unreached goal.In the past decade,the thriving technique developments in wavefront measurement and manipulation do not significantly push the boundary forward.The optical diffusion limit is still a ceiling.In this work,we propose that a scattering medium can be conceptualized as an assembly of randomly packed pinhole cameras and the corresponding speckle pattern as a superposition of randomly shifted pinhole images.The concept is demonstrated through both simulation and experiments,confirming the new perspective to interpret the mechanism of information transmission through scattering media under incoherent illumination.We also analyze the efficiency of single-pinhole and dual-pinhole channels.While in infancy,the proposed method reveals a new perspective to understand imaging and information transmission through scattering media.

Analysis of shopping behavior characteristics in the Keihanshin metropolitan area in Japan based on a person trip survey

This study analyzed weekday shopping behavior from a home base to a destination using data from the 4th Keihanshin metropolitan area person trip survey.We first analyzed the relationships between occupation and transportation means,transportation means and travel time,and transportation means and duration of time at the destination.Results of a chi-square test,residual analysis,and correspondence analysis confirmed that employed persons tend to travel by cars while unemployed persons tend to travel by bus or walk.The relationship between travel time and duration of time at the destination was also revealed according to transportation means.Results of a cluster analysis then classified shopping behaviors to expose four patterns.Finally,multiple regression analyzed the degree to which certain variables were related to duration of time at the destination.Results confirmed a strong relationship between duration of time at the destination and travel time.The degree of this factor’s influence on other variables was also clarified.The value of these findings is that the relationship between travel time by means of transportation and the duration of time at the destination was clarified using statistical analysis.We then found a highly accurate equation that estimates the duration of time at a destination from the travel time.If the duration of time at a destination can be estimated,it may be possible to more accurately develop the structure of rest facilities,the number of parking lots,the degree of congestion,and so on,which can be associated with the customer’s usage behavior in a shopping site.This research in this paper contributes to the field of urban analysis and marketing by presenting a new effective method for person trip survey and analysis.