Whale Optimization Algorithm-Based Deep Learning Model for Driver Identification in Intelligent Transport Systems

Driver identification in intelligent transport systems has immense demand,considering the safety and convenience of traveling in a vehicle.The rapid growth of driver assistance systems(DAS)and driver identification system propels the need for understanding the root causes of automobile accidents.Also,in the case of insurance,it is necessary to track the number of drivers who commonly drive a car in terms of insurance pricing.It is observed that drivers with frequent records of paying“fines”are compelled to pay higher insurance payments than drivers without any penalty records.Thus driver identification act as an important information source for the intelligent transport system.This study focuses on a similar objective to implement a machine learning-based approach for driver identification.Raw data is collected from in-vehicle sensors using the controller area network(CAN)and then converted to binary form using a one-hot encoding technique.Then,the transformed data is dimensionally reduced using the Principal Component Analysis(PCA)technique,and further optimal parameters from the dataset are selected using Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA).The most relevant features are selected and then fed into a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model.The proposed model is evaluated against four different use cases of driver behavior.The results show that the best prediction accuracy is achieved in the case of drivers without glasses.The proposed model yielded optimal accuracy when evaluated against the K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)and Support Vector Machines(SVM)models with and without using dimensionality reduction approaches.

Deep Learning Based Autonomous Transport System for Secure Vehicle and Cargo Matching

The latest 6G improvements secured autonomous driving's realism in Intelligent Autonomous Transport Systems(IATS).Despite the IATS's benefits,security remains a significant challenge.Blockchain technology has grown in popularity as a means of implementing safe,dependable,and decentralised independent IATS systems,allowing for more utilisation of legacy IATS infrastructures and resources,which is especially advantageous for crowdsourcing technologies.Blockchain technology can be used to address security concerns in the IATS and to aid in logistics development.In light of the inadequacy of reliance and inattention to rights created by centralised and conventional logistics systems,this paper discusses the creation of a blockchain-based IATS powered by deep learning for secure cargo and vehicle matching(BDL-IATS).The BDL-IATS approach utilises Ethereum as the primary blockchain for storing private data such as order and shipment details.Additionally,the deep belief network(DBN)model is used to select suitable vehicles and goods for transportation.Additionally,the chaotic krill herd technique is used to tune the DBN model’s hyper-parameters.The performance of the BDL-IATS technique is validated,and the findings are inspected under a variety of conditions.The simulationfindings indicated that the BDL-IATS strategy outperformed recent state-of-the-art approaches.

Users’ Perception on Operation and Performance of Public Transport Systems in African Developing Countries: The Case of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Public transport system has been a means of addressing transportation challenges in urban areas, such as traffic congestion, traffic jam and long travel time in cities worldwide. Transportation in Africa is unique in that it has the least developed public transport systems in the world, while also being one of the fastest urbanizing continents. Bus Rapid Transit being one of the public transport systems was introduced in Africa in 2008 as a means to provide solution on urban transportation challenges. Despite of public transport being the main means of transport in African developing countries, there have been a number of challenges that affects efficiency of performance of the system and makes its users uncomfortable. Therefore, the study aimed at exploring the setbacks or challenges associated with operation and performance of the BRT system in the African developing countries and address them. The study employed mixed methods research design that integrates both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods and analysis. The study findings reveal that, there is an improvement on the perspectives of the commuters on public transport after introduction of BRT system. However, some challenges such as long waiting time, passengers overcrowding during peak hours, as well as safety and security can slowly change the perspective of the commuters. Therefore, to address these challenges it is recommended to reduce the long waiting time and improve accessibility by introduction of passenger information displays (bus information system) and automated fare collection system;reduce travel time by introduction of bus priority signal;and improve safety and security by introduction of signage and CCTV Camera within the bus and bus stops.

Uniqueness of Tryptophan in the Transport System in the Brain and Peripheral Tissues

Amino acids are important substances that must be transported to tissues such as the brain and muscles. The process is considered insulin dependent. It is not known whether all the amino acids are almost equally dependent in their transportation to tissues. We want to know whether some important amino acids are transported differently from other amino acids. Especially tryptophan is important because it is converted to serotonin, melatonin or kynurenine. Results showed that Amino acids levels in the plasma were measured after the intakes of 50 grams of glucose or sucrose to young (18 - 22 years old) and old (≥50 years old) men. Total amino acids in the plasma decreased after the intakes of glucose. Total amino acids levels decreased more significantly in old men after the administration of sucrose. Total and non-essential amino acids in the plasma decreased significantly at 120 min after the intakes of glucose in young and old men, but only sucrose caused their decreases in both aged and young men. Both glucose and sucrose intakes decreased significantly the plasma levels of the total essential and branched amino acids in young and old men. Surprisingly, plasma levels of tryptophan did not decrease upon the administration of glucose but only slightly decreased upon the administration of sucrose in young men. In conclusion, not all the amino acids were transported well into tissues upon the administration of glucose or sucrose. Tryptophan seems to be relatively resistant for insulin to facilitate the transportation into tissues.

The Imperative of Inter-Modal Transport System in Nigeria: A Case Study of Asaba and Onitsha Transportation System

Transport system in Nigeria is predominantly uni-modal as it is estimated that over ninety per cent of goods and passengers are transported by road.The over-reliance on road transport for the transportation of bulk of goods and people has contributed greatly to the deterioration of Nigeria’s roads and the attendant increase in road maintenance costs.Researches by scholars have revealed that a single means of transport cannot adequately serve the intra and inter-transport needs of the majority of people living in urban cities.Asaba and Onitsha located at the banks of river Niger have outlets for water-based transport services,which are yet to be fully developed and integrated with the dominant road transport system.Bulky goods that arrived by sea are best transported from the port through the waterways to inland ports.The Onitsha port,which was established in the 1980s has not been functioning and this makes road transport the only option for transportation of goods and people between the two cities.It is against this background,that this paper surveys the transport modes in the two cities and advocates the need for inter-modal transport modes that would ensure seamless movement of people and goods between the two cities and with other parts of the country.The paper submits that for the two cities to derive full benefits of the different transport modes,there is need for efficient inter-modal transport systems linking the two cities and regions in order to minimize the frequent chaotic traffic congestion on the Niger bridge.The optimal utilization of inter-modal transport modes would enable each transport mode to perform its distinctive roles which would lead to faster transportation of passengers and goods as well as ensure reduction in transport costs.The paper also proffers ways of achieving an efficient inter-modal transport system between Asaba and Onitsha and Nigeria at large.

Improving the efficiency of transport systems using simulation

The article describes the possibilities of application of simulation modeling for the analysis of infrastructure and technology of transport services of enterprises. The main technological and possible economic effects for the enterprises arising at performance of modeling of a transport component of their work are resulted.

A Model for Regional Energy Utilization by Offline Heat Transport System and Distributed Energy Systems—Case Study in a Smart Community, Japan

Under the Kyoto Protocol,Japanwas supposed to reduce six percent of the green house gas (GHG) emission in 2012. However, until the year 2010, the statistics suggested that the GHG emission increased 4.2%. What is more challenge is, afterFukushimacrisis, without the nuclear energy,Japanmay produce about 15 percent more GHG emissions than1990 inthis fiscal year. It still has to struggle to meet the target set by Kyoto Protocol. The demonstration area of “smart community” suggests Japanese exploration for new low carbon strategies. The study proposed a demand side response energy system, a dynamic tree-like hierarchical model for smart community. The model not only conveyed the concept of smart grid, but also built up a smart heat energy supply chain by offline heat transport system. Further, this model promoted a collaborative energy utilization mode between the industrial sector and the civil sector. In addition, the research chose the smart community inKitakyushuas case study and executed the model. The simulation and the analysis of the model not only evaluate the environmental effect of different technologies but also suggest that the smart community inJapanhas the potential but not easy to achieve the target, cut down 50% of the CO2 emission.

Effects of Some Management Practices on Electron Transport System (ETS) Activity in Paddy Soil

Electron transport system(ETS)/dehydrogenase activity in a paddy field soil was measured under a variety of incubation conditions using the reduction of 2-(p-iodophenyl-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride(INT) to iodonitrotetrazolium formazan(INTF).The results exhibited a high positive correlation between the ETS activity and the incubation temperature and soil moisture,Dehydrogenase/ETS activity displayed a negative correlation with insecticide concentrations,and the activity affected adversely as the concentration of the insecticide increased.The hiher doses,5 and 10 field rates(1 field rate=1500mL ha^-1),of insecticide significantly inhibited ETS activity,while lower rates failed to produce any significant reducing effect,Inorganic N( as urea) of concentrations from 0 to 100ug N g^-1 soil showed a positive response to ETS activity,However,at concentrations of 200 and 400ug N g^-1,the activity was reduced significantly.

Development of City Transport System and Two-wheel Vehicles

Based on the study on the city transport systems of some typical cities worldwide,this paper put forward that each city transport system has its own development mode,which is influenced by the city development plan,economic development level,traveling vehicle composition etc..When some problems occur,such as the congestions caused by contradiction between the road capacity and vehicle composition,the city transport system may come into temporary maturity period.If the improvement for road system is limited meanwhile,optimized structure of vehicle composition should be an effective solution in this case.With the development of economy-internationalization,the development speed of city transport modernization is rapid.When traveling easiness is conflicting with efficiency,the advantages of public transport system become more obvious.Correspondingly,the superiority of two-wheel vehicles will reappear.Though the important function of two-wheel vehicles for alleviating city traffic problems is obvious,however,their development strategy must be reasonably proposed,and operation regulations must be performed accordingly.

Expression of L amino acid transport system 1 and analysis of iodine-123-methyltyrosine tumor uptake in a pancreatic xenotransplantation model using fused high-resolution-micro-SPECT-MRI

BACKGROUND:The specificity in discriminating pancreatitis is limited in the positron emission tomography(PET)using Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose.Furthermore,PET is not widely available compared to the single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT).Since amino acids play a minor role in metabolism of inflammatory cells,the potential of the SPECT tracer,3-[ 123 I]iodo-L-α-methyltyrosine(123I-IMT),for detecting pancreatic cancer was examined in xenotransplantation models of human pancreatic carcinoma in mice. METHODS: 123 I-IMT was injected to eight mice inoculated with subcutaneous or orthotopic pancreatic tumors.Fused high-resolution-micro-SPECT(Hi-SPECT)and magnetic resonance imaging were performed.The gene expression level of L amino acid transport-system 1(LAT1)was analyzed and correlated with tumor uptake of 123 I-IMT. RESULTS:A high uptake of 123 I-IMT was detected in all tumor-bearing mice.The median tumor-to-background ratio (T/B)was 12.1(2.0-13.2)for orthotopic and 8.4(1.8-11.1)for subcutaneous xenotransplantation,respectively.Accordingly, the LAT1 expression in transplanted Colo357 cells was increased compared to non-malignant controls.CONCLUSIONS:Our mouse model could show a high 123 I-IMT uptake in pancreatic cancer.Fused MRI scans facilitate precise evaluation of uptake in the specific regions of interest.Further studies are required to confirm these findings in tumors derived from other human pancreatic cancer cells.Since amino acids play a minor role in the metabolism of inflammatory cells,the potential for application of 123 I-IMT to distinguish pancreatic tumor from inflammatory pancreatitis warrants further investigation.

An Initial Approach for a NFC M-Ticketing Urban Transport System

Public transport plays an important role in the daily lives of hundreds of millions of people. The limited national and local finances starve the public transport networks of funding, although greater usage would imply important environmental and financial benefits. The recent advances in mobile technologies and services could be harnessed to increase the attractiveness and efficiency of various public transport systems. Increasingly flexible electronic ticketing, smart cards and real-time information feeds via smartphones are making transportation networks faster, cheaper and more efficient for both the passengers and operators. In this paper, we present our approach in designing and implementing an M-ticketing system for urban transport based on NFC technology. We make initial design decisions based on a study of two similar systems Oyster and U-Go. We make use of Microsoft technologies for the prototype implementation and we propose a test suite to validate the system. We conclude on presenting the experience gained from this project and propose a set of further developments in order for the prototype to become more realistic.

The Impacts of Urban Land Use on Urban Transport System in High-Densely Developed City-a Case Study of Guangzhou

Recently the study on the mutual relationship between urban transport and land use has been one of the hot subjects in the fields of urban geography, urban transport planning and urban planning. This paper tires to carry out some methods, such as multi-analysis statistics method, to specify the impacts of urban land use on urban transport system. Firstly, the choice of urban transport road network affected by the characters of urban land use layout is discussed. Secondly, the promotion of urban public transportation affected by high-density concentrated land use pattern is demonstrated. Thirdly, the impacts of urban city-size on transport system structure characters are expatiated. Finally, the impacts of urban master planning in Guangzhou on the layout of transport system are illustrated.

Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Deficiency Affects the Glutamatergic Transport System in Rat Retina:Modulatory Effects after High Intraocular Pressure

Glutamate excitotoxicity has been postulated as a putative mechanism involved in the physiopathology of glaucoma, a disease that can cause retinal cell damage. Thus, the modulation of glutamatergic parameters is a putative therapeutic target to prevent excitotoxic retinal injury. Here, we investigated the effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids (w3) in the retinal glutamate transport system in basal and ischemic conditions. Female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: w3 diet (w3 group) and w3 deficient-diet (D group). Their pups, at 60 days old, were used for the experiments. Retinal ischemia, a mechanism involved in the physiopathology of glaucoma, was induced by high intraocular pressure (HIOP, 140 180 mmHg for 45 min) to impair retinal blood flow. Analyses were performed 7 days after ischemia. The D group showed a decreased glutamate uptake in basal conditions and after HIOP when compared to the w3 group. After HIOP, there was a decrease in glutamate uptake in the D group that was not observed in the w3 group (p < 0.005). Concerning glutamate transporters, the w3 group presented higher levels of GLT-1 compared to the D group in basal and ischemic conditions. After HIOP, EAAC1 was increased in both groups, while GLT-1 increased only in the D group, compared to basal levels. GLAST and EAAT5 presented no alterations. The modulation of the glutamatergic system by dietary w3 fatty acids points to a potential mechanism by which w3 PUFAs exert beneficial effects in the retina.

Research on a TOPSIS energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems based on a GA-BP neural network

As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.

A Study on Optimizing the Double-Spine Type Flow Path Design for the Overhead Transportation System Using Tabu Search Algorithm

Optimizing Flow Path Design(FPD)is a popular research area in transportation system design,but its application to Overhead Transportation Systems(OTSs)has been limited.This study focuses on optimizing a double-spine flow path design for OTSs with 10 stations by minimizing the total travel distance for both loaded and empty flows.We employ transportation methods,specifically the North-West Corner and Stepping-Stone methods,to determine empty vehicle travel flows.Additionally,the Tabu Search(TS)algorithm is applied to branch the 10 stations into two main layout branches.The results obtained from our proposed method demonstrate a reduction in the objective function value compared to the initial feasible solution.Furthermore,we explore howchanges in the parameters of the TS algorithm affect the optimal result.We validate the feasibility of our approach by comparing it with relevant literature and conducting additional tests on layouts with 20 and 30 stations.

Optimizing a Transportation System Using Metaheuristics Approaches (EGD/GA/ACO): A Forest Vehicle Routing Case Study

The large-scale optimization problem requires some optimization techniques, and the Metaheuristics approach is highly useful for solving difficult optimization problems in practice. The purpose of the research is to optimize the transportation system with the help of this approach. We selected forest vehicle routing data as the case study to minimize the total cost and the distance of the forest transportation system. Matlab software helps us find the best solution for this case by applying three algorithms of Metaheuristics: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and Extended Great Deluge (EGD). The results show that GA, compared to ACO and EGD, provides the best solution for the cost and the length of our case study. EGD is the second preferred approach, and ACO offers the last solution.

Design and Application of Intelligent Control System for Molten Iron Transportation Based on 5G Technology

Molten transport is an important link in the iron and steel enterprise production,involves many complex factors,artificial management is difficult.Therefore,puts forward a kind of molten iron transport wisdom control system based on 5G technology,which mainly contains the intelligent identification tracking system,equipment status collection information acquisition system,locomotive vehicle terminal system,etc.Combined with the analysis of the actual application situation,the system could integrate all the processes and elements of molten iron produc-tion and transportation,realize the integration of operation and management,and also promote the improvement of the turnover efficiency of molten iron tank,reduce the demand for personnel,and reduce the labor cost.

Thermally responsive ionic transport system reinforced by aligned functional carbon nanotubes backbone

Ion transport plays an important role in energy conversion, biosensors, and a variety of biological processes. Carbon nanotubes, especially for the carbon nanotubes arrays with controlled vertically aligned structures, have displayed great potential as a promising material for regulating ion transport behaviors in the applications of the nanofluidic devices and osmotic energy conversion. Herein, we demonstrate the thermo-controlled ion transport system through the vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes arrays membrane modified by the thermo-responsive hydrogel in a simple and reliable way. The functional carbon nanotubes backbone with the inherent surface charge and interstitial channels structure renders the system improved ion transport behaviors and well controlled switching property by thermo. Based on the integrated properties, the energy output from osmotic power in this system could be regulated by the reversible temperature switches. Moreover, it can realize a higher osmotic energy conversion property regulated by the thermos, which may extend the practical application in the future. The system that combines intelligent response with controlled ion transport behaviors and potential osmotic energy utilizations presents a valuable paradigm for the use of carbon nanotubes and hydrogel composite materials and provides a promising way for applications of nanofluidic devices.

Research on head way control of a guided transport system based on intersection condition evaluation

ln order to ensure the safety and efficiency of the section tracking operation of a guided transport system,a safety headway control method of section tracking based on intersection conditions is proposed in this paper.Considering the difference of signal phase,the evaluation model of road conditions was established based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,FAGT.Based on the artificial potential field method,the time-varying hybrid artificial potential field(TH-APF)method was proposed,and the tracking headway control algorithm was designed to realize the dynamic control of the tracking headway of the guide transport vehicle.The simulation results verified the effectiveness and applicability of the evaluation model of intersection road conditions;the tracking headway can be maintained at about 120 s.The tracking headway control algorithm of guided transport vehicles can respond to the road conditions and avoid the local optimum of the artificial potential field method,thus improving the operating efficiency.

How Generative Adversarial Networks Promote the Development of Intelligent Transportation Systems:A Survey

In current years,the improvement of deep learning has brought about tremendous changes:As a type of unsupervised deep learning algorithm,generative adversarial networks(GANs)have been widely employed in various fields including transportation.This paper reviews the development of GANs and their applications in the transportation domain.Specifically,many adopted GAN variants for autonomous driving are classified and demonstrated according to data generation,video trajectory prediction,and security of detection.To introduce GANs to traffic research,this review summarizes the related techniques for spatio-temporal,sparse data completion,and time-series data evaluation.GAN-based traffic anomaly inspections such as infrastructure detection and status monitoring are also assessed.Moreover,to promote further development of GANs in intelligent transportation systems(ITSs),challenges and noteworthy research directions on this topic are provided.In general,this survey summarizes 130 GAN-related references and provides comprehensive knowledge for scholars who desire to adopt GANs in their scientific works,especially transportation-related tasks.