Whale Optimization Algorithm-Based Deep Learning Model for Driver Identification in Intelligent Transport Systems

Driver identification in intelligent transport systems has immense demand,considering the safety and convenience of traveling in a vehicle.The rapid growth of driver assistance systems(DAS)and driver identification system propels the need for understanding the root causes of automobile accidents.Also,in the case of insurance,it is necessary to track the number of drivers who commonly drive a car in terms of insurance pricing.It is observed that drivers with frequent records of paying“fines”are compelled to pay higher insurance payments than drivers without any penalty records.Thus driver identification act as an important information source for the intelligent transport system.This study focuses on a similar objective to implement a machine learning-based approach for driver identification.Raw data is collected from in-vehicle sensors using the controller area network(CAN)and then converted to binary form using a one-hot encoding technique.Then,the transformed data is dimensionally reduced using the Principal Component Analysis(PCA)technique,and further optimal parameters from the dataset are selected using Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA).The most relevant features are selected and then fed into a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model.The proposed model is evaluated against four different use cases of driver behavior.The results show that the best prediction accuracy is achieved in the case of drivers without glasses.The proposed model yielded optimal accuracy when evaluated against the K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)and Support Vector Machines(SVM)models with and without using dimensionality reduction approaches.

Deep Learning Based Autonomous Transport System for Secure Vehicle and Cargo Matching

The latest 6G improvements secured autonomous driving's realism in Intelligent Autonomous Transport Systems(IATS).Despite the IATS's benefits,security remains a significant challenge.Blockchain technology has grown in popularity as a means of implementing safe,dependable,and decentralised independent IATS systems,allowing for more utilisation of legacy IATS infrastructures and resources,which is especially advantageous for crowdsourcing technologies.Blockchain technology can be used to address security concerns in the IATS and to aid in logistics development.In light of the inadequacy of reliance and inattention to rights created by centralised and conventional logistics systems,this paper discusses the creation of a blockchain-based IATS powered by deep learning for secure cargo and vehicle matching(BDL-IATS).The BDL-IATS approach utilises Ethereum as the primary blockchain for storing private data such as order and shipment details.Additionally,the deep belief network(DBN)model is used to select suitable vehicles and goods for transportation.Additionally,the chaotic krill herd technique is used to tune the DBN model’s hyper-parameters.The performance of the BDL-IATS technique is validated,and the findings are inspected under a variety of conditions.The simulationfindings indicated that the BDL-IATS strategy outperformed recent state-of-the-art approaches.

Users’ Perception on Operation and Performance of Public Transport Systems in African Developing Countries: The Case of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Public transport system has been a means of addressing transportation challenges in urban areas, such as traffic congestion, traffic jam and long travel time in cities worldwide. Transportation in Africa is unique in that it has the least developed public transport systems in the world, while also being one of the fastest urbanizing continents. Bus Rapid Transit being one of the public transport systems was introduced in Africa in 2008 as a means to provide solution on urban transportation challenges. Despite of public transport being the main means of transport in African developing countries, there have been a number of challenges that affects efficiency of performance of the system and makes its users uncomfortable. Therefore, the study aimed at exploring the setbacks or challenges associated with operation and performance of the BRT system in the African developing countries and address them. The study employed mixed methods research design that integrates both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods and analysis. The study findings reveal that, there is an improvement on the perspectives of the commuters on public transport after introduction of BRT system. However, some challenges such as long waiting time, passengers overcrowding during peak hours, as well as safety and security can slowly change the perspective of the commuters. Therefore, to address these challenges it is recommended to reduce the long waiting time and improve accessibility by introduction of passenger information displays (bus information system) and automated fare collection system;reduce travel time by introduction of bus priority signal;and improve safety and security by introduction of signage and CCTV Camera within the bus and bus stops.

Uniqueness of Tryptophan in the Transport System in the Brain and Peripheral Tissues

Amino acids are important substances that must be transported to tissues such as the brain and muscles. The process is considered insulin dependent. It is not known whether all the amino acids are almost equally dependent in their transportation to tissues. We want to know whether some important amino acids are transported differently from other amino acids. Especially tryptophan is important because it is converted to serotonin, melatonin or kynurenine. Results showed that Amino acids levels in the plasma were measured after the intakes of 50 grams of glucose or sucrose to young (18 - 22 years old) and old (≥50 years old) men. Total amino acids in the plasma decreased after the intakes of glucose. Total amino acids levels decreased more significantly in old men after the administration of sucrose. Total and non-essential amino acids in the plasma decreased significantly at 120 min after the intakes of glucose in young and old men, but only sucrose caused their decreases in both aged and young men. Both glucose and sucrose intakes decreased significantly the plasma levels of the total essential and branched amino acids in young and old men. Surprisingly, plasma levels of tryptophan did not decrease upon the administration of glucose but only slightly decreased upon the administration of sucrose in young men. In conclusion, not all the amino acids were transported well into tissues upon the administration of glucose or sucrose. Tryptophan seems to be relatively resistant for insulin to facilitate the transportation into tissues.

The Imperative of Inter-Modal Transport System in Nigeria: A Case Study of Asaba and Onitsha Transportation System

Transport system in Nigeria is predominantly uni-modal as it is estimated that over ninety per cent of goods and passengers are transported by road.The over-reliance on road transport for the transportation of bulk of goods and people has contributed greatly to the deterioration of Nigeria’s roads and the attendant increase in road maintenance costs.Researches by scholars have revealed that a single means of transport cannot adequately serve the intra and inter-transport needs of the majority of people living in urban cities.Asaba and Onitsha located at the banks of river Niger have outlets for water-based transport services,which are yet to be fully developed and integrated with the dominant road transport system.Bulky goods that arrived by sea are best transported from the port through the waterways to inland ports.The Onitsha port,which was established in the 1980s has not been functioning and this makes road transport the only option for transportation of goods and people between the two cities.It is against this background,that this paper surveys the transport modes in the two cities and advocates the need for inter-modal transport modes that would ensure seamless movement of people and goods between the two cities and with other parts of the country.The paper submits that for the two cities to derive full benefits of the different transport modes,there is need for efficient inter-modal transport systems linking the two cities and regions in order to minimize the frequent chaotic traffic congestion on the Niger bridge.The optimal utilization of inter-modal transport modes would enable each transport mode to perform its distinctive roles which would lead to faster transportation of passengers and goods as well as ensure reduction in transport costs.The paper also proffers ways of achieving an efficient inter-modal transport system between Asaba and Onitsha and Nigeria at large.

Effects of Some Management Practices on Electron Transport System (ETS) Activity in Paddy Soil

Electron transport system (ETS ) / dehydrogenase activity in a paddy field soil was measured under a variety of incubation conditions using the reduction of 2- (p-iodophenyl- 3- (p-nitrophenyl ) -5- phellyl tetrazolium chloride (INT) to iodonitrotetrazolium formazan (INTF). The results exhibited a high positive correlation between the ETS activity and the incubation temperature and soil moisture. Dehydrogenase/ETS activity displayed a negative correlation with insecticide concentrations, and the activity affected adversely as the concentration of the insecticide increased. The higher doses, 5 and 10 field rates (1 field rate ~ 1500 mL ha-1), of insecticide significantly inhibited ETS activity, while lower rates failed to produce any significant reducing effect. Inorganic N (as urea) of concentrations from 0 to 100 ug N g-1 soil showed a positive response to ETS activity. However, at concentrations of 200 and 400 ug N g-1, the activity was reduced significantly.

Development of City Transport System and Two-wheel Vehicles

Based on the study on the city transport systems of some typical cities worldwide,this paper put forward that each city transport system has its own development mode,which is influenced by the city development plan,economic development level,traveling vehicle composition etc..When some problems occur,such as the congestions caused by contradiction between the road capacity and vehicle composition,the city transport system may come into temporary maturity period.If the improvement for road system is limited meanwhile,optimized structure of vehicle composition should be an effective solution in this case.With the development of economy-internationalization,the development speed of city transport modernization is rapid.When traveling easiness is conflicting with efficiency,the advantages of public transport system become more obvious.Correspondingly,the superiority of two-wheel vehicles will reappear.Though the important function of two-wheel vehicles for alleviating city traffic problems is obvious,however,their development strategy must be reasonably proposed,and operation regulations must be performed accordingly.

Improving the efficiency of transport systems using simulation

The article describes the possibilities of application of simulation modeling for the analysis of infrastructure and technology of transport services of enterprises. The main technological and possible economic effects for the enterprises arising at performance of modeling of a transport component of their work are resulted.

The Impacts of Urban Land Use on Urban Transport System in High-Densely Developed City-a Case Study of Guangzhou

Recently the study on the mutual relationship between urban transport and land use has been one of the hot subjects in the fields of ruban geography, urban transport planning and urban planning. This paper totes to carry out some methods, such as muhi.analysis statistics method, to specify the impacts of urban land use on urban transport system. Firstly, the choice of urban transport road network affected by the characters of urban land use layout is discussed Secondly, the promotion of urban public transportation affected by high-density concentrated land use pattern is demonstrated Thirdly, the impacts of urban city-size on transport system structure characters are expatiated Finally, the impacts of urban mater planning in Guangzhou on the layout of transport system are illustrated .

A Model for Regional Energy Utilization by Offline Heat Transport System and Distributed Energy Systems—Case Study in a Smart Community, Japan

Under the Kyoto Protocol,Japanwas supposed to reduce six percent of the green house gas (GHG) emission in 2012. However, until the year 2010, the statistics suggested that the GHG emission increased 4.2%. What is more challenge is, afterFukushimacrisis, without the nuclear energy,Japanmay produce about 15 percent more GHG emissions than1990 inthis fiscal year. It still has to struggle to meet the target set by Kyoto Protocol. The demonstration area of “smart community” suggests Japanese exploration for new low carbon strategies. The study proposed a demand side response energy system, a dynamic tree-like hierarchical model for smart community. The model not only conveyed the concept of smart grid, but also built up a smart heat energy supply chain by offline heat transport system. Further, this model promoted a collaborative energy utilization mode between the industrial sector and the civil sector. In addition, the research chose the smart community inKitakyushuas case study and executed the model. The simulation and the analysis of the model not only evaluate the environmental effect of different technologies but also suggest that the smart community inJapanhas the potential but not easy to achieve the target, cut down 50% of the CO2 emission.

Expression of L amino acid transport system 1 and analysis of iodine-123-methyltyrosine tumor uptake in a pancreatic xenotransplantation model using fused high-resolution-micro-SPECT-MRI

BACKGROUND:The specificity in discriminating pancreatitis is limited in the positron emission tomography(PET)using Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose.Furthermore,PET is not widely available compared to the single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT).Since amino acids play a minor role in metabolism of inflammatory cells,the potential of the SPECT tracer,3-[ 123 I]iodo-L-α-methyltyrosine(123I-IMT),for detecting pancreatic cancer was examined in xenotransplantation models of human pancreatic carcinoma in mice. METHODS: 123 I-IMT was injected to eight mice inoculated with subcutaneous or orthotopic pancreatic tumors.Fused high-resolution-micro-SPECT(Hi-SPECT)and magnetic resonance imaging were performed.The gene expression level of L amino acid transport-system 1(LAT1)was analyzed and correlated with tumor uptake of 123 I-IMT. RESULTS:A high uptake of 123 I-IMT was detected in all tumor-bearing mice.The median tumor-to-background ratio (T/B)was 12.1(2.0-13.2)for orthotopic and 8.4(1.8-11.1)for subcutaneous xenotransplantation,respectively.Accordingly, the LAT1 expression in transplanted Colo357 cells was increased compared to non-malignant controls.CONCLUSIONS:Our mouse model could show a high 123 I-IMT uptake in pancreatic cancer.Fused MRI scans facilitate precise evaluation of uptake in the specific regions of interest.Further studies are required to confirm these findings in tumors derived from other human pancreatic cancer cells.Since amino acids play a minor role in the metabolism of inflammatory cells,the potential for application of 123 I-IMT to distinguish pancreatic tumor from inflammatory pancreatitis warrants further investigation.

An Initial Approach for a NFC M-Ticketing Urban Transport System

Public transport plays an important role in the daily lives of hundreds of millions of people. The limited national and local finances starve the public transport networks of funding, although greater usage would imply important environmental and financial benefits. The recent advances in mobile technologies and services could be harnessed to increase the attractiveness and efficiency of various public transport systems. Increasingly flexible electronic ticketing, smart cards and real-time information feeds via smartphones are making transportation networks faster, cheaper and more efficient for both the passengers and operators. In this paper, we present our approach in designing and implementing an M-ticketing system for urban transport based on NFC technology. We make initial design decisions based on a study of two similar systems Oyster and U-Go. We make use of Microsoft technologies for the prototype implementation and we propose a test suite to validate the system. We conclude on presenting the experience gained from this project and propose a set of further developments in order for the prototype to become more realistic.

Car Ownership and the Impact of Built Environment, Demographics and Transport Systems

Auto ownership is one of the most important linkages between travel demand and land use. Residents in denser, urban or more transit accessible neighborhoods tend to own fewer cars. Car ownership influences almost all aspects of travel behavior, including travel frequency, travel distances, mode choice and time-of-day choice. At the same time, car ownership affects residential location choices, as households owning cars are less likely to choose urban neighborhoods than households without cars. This paper describes a new microscopic auto-ownership model that has been estimated with survey data. The model is fully integrated with a land use and a transportation model to capture： （1） how owning a car affects travel behavior and location choice; and （2） how the built environment and the transportation needs affect auto-ownership decisions. The model has been validated against census data and is fully operational.

Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Deficiency Affects the Glutamatergic Transport System in Rat Retina:Modulatory Effects after High Intraocular Pressure

Glutamate excitotoxicity has been postulated as a putative mechanism involved in the physiopathology of glaucoma, a disease that can cause retinal cell damage. Thus, the modulation of glutamatergic parameters is a putative therapeutic target to prevent excitotoxic retinal injury. Here, we investigated the effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids (w3) in the retinal glutamate transport system in basal and ischemic conditions. Female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: w3 diet (w3 group) and w3 deficient-diet (D group). Their pups, at 60 days old, were used for the experiments. Retinal ischemia, a mechanism involved in the physiopathology of glaucoma, was induced by high intraocular pressure (HIOP, 140 180 mmHg for 45 min) to impair retinal blood flow. Analyses were performed 7 days after ischemia. The D group showed a decreased glutamate uptake in basal conditions and after HIOP when compared to the w3 group. After HIOP, there was a decrease in glutamate uptake in the D group that was not observed in the w3 group (p < 0.005). Concerning glutamate transporters, the w3 group presented higher levels of GLT-1 compared to the D group in basal and ischemic conditions. After HIOP, EAAC1 was increased in both groups, while GLT-1 increased only in the D group, compared to basal levels. GLAST and EAAT5 presented no alterations. The modulation of the glutamatergic system by dietary w3 fatty acids points to a potential mechanism by which w3 PUFAs exert beneficial effects in the retina.

Research on a TOPSIS energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems based on a GA-BP neural network

As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.

Discrete Choice Models and Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Predicting the Determinants of Transport Mode Choice--A Systematic Review

Forecasting travel demand requires a grasp of individual decision-making behavior.However,transport mode choice(TMC)is determined by personal and contextual factors that vary from person to person.Numerous characteristics have a substantial impact on travel behavior(TB),which makes it important to take into account while studying transport options.Traditional statistical techniques frequently presume linear correlations,but real-world data rarely follows these presumptions,which may make it harder to grasp the complex interactions.Thorough systematic review was conducted to examine how machine learning(ML)approaches might successfully capture nonlinear correlations that conventional methods may ignore to overcome such challenges.An in-depth analysis of discrete choice models(DCM)and several ML algorithms,datasets,model validation strategies,and tuning techniques employed in previous research is carried out in the present study.Besides,the current review also summarizes DCM and ML models to predict TMC and recognize the determinants of TB in an urban area for different transport modes.The two primary goals of our study are to establish the present conceptual frameworks for the factors influencing the TMC for daily activities and to pinpoint methodological issues and limitations in previous research.With a total of 39 studies,our findings shed important light on the significance of considering factors that influence the TMC.The adjusted kernel algorithms and hyperparameter-optimized ML algorithms outperform the typical ML algorithms.RF(random forest),SVM(support vector machine),ANN(artificial neural network),and interpretable ML algorithms are the most widely used ML algorithms for the prediction of TMC where RF achieved an R2 of 0.95 and SVM achieved an accuracy of 93.18%;however,the adjusted kernel enhanced the accuracy of SVM 99.81%which shows that the interpretable algorithms outperformed the typical algorithms.The sensitivity analysis indicates that the most significant parameters influencing TMC are the age,total trip time,and the number of drivers.

Glutamine transporters as effective targets in digestive system malignant tumor treatment

Glutamine is one of the most abundant non-essential amino acids in human plasma and plays a crucial role in many biological processes of the human body.Tumor cells take up a large amount of glutamine to meet their rapid proliferation requirements,which is supported by the upregulation of glutamine transporters.Targeted inhibition of glutamine transporters effectively inhibits cell growth and proliferation in tumors.Among all cancers,digestive system malignant tumors(DSMTs)have the highest incidence and mortality rates,and the current therapeutic strategies for DSMTs are mainly surgical resection and chemotherapy.Due to the relatively low survival rate and severe side effects associated with DSMTs treatment,new treatment strategies are urgently required.This article summarizes the glutamine transporters involved in DSMTs and describes their role in DSMTs.Additionally,glutamine transportertarget drugs are discussed,providing theoretical guidance for the further development of drugs DSMTs treatment.

A Study on Optimizing the Double-Spine Type Flow Path Design for the Overhead Transportation System Using Tabu Search Algorithm

Optimizing Flow Path Design(FPD)is a popular research area in transportation system design,but its application to Overhead Transportation Systems(OTSs)has been limited.This study focuses on optimizing a double-spine flow path design for OTSs with 10 stations by minimizing the total travel distance for both loaded and empty flows.We employ transportation methods,specifically the North-West Corner and Stepping-Stone methods,to determine empty vehicle travel flows.Additionally,the Tabu Search(TS)algorithm is applied to branch the 10 stations into two main layout branches.The results obtained from our proposed method demonstrate a reduction in the objective function value compared to the initial feasible solution.Furthermore,we explore howchanges in the parameters of the TS algorithm affect the optimal result.We validate the feasibility of our approach by comparing it with relevant literature and conducting additional tests on layouts with 20 and 30 stations.

Existing Case of Transportation System in Turkey and Transportation Trends in Istanbul

Transportation sector is one of the most important elements of a country’s economy with its highway,railway,airway and seaway modes,besides the information and communication infrastructure.Transportation sector has a pattern that affects the society continuously with its economic and social inputs that has a significant role in economies of countries in terms of being an important part of manufacturing process and effects of sizable investments on economy.Demands of more comfortable,more reliable,more safe and more punctual transport in developing economy is an arising trend worldwide and this shows an increase the importance of the transportation sector.Establishment of an efficient and functional transportation system is closely related with traffic safety,intermodal integration and balanced modal distribution.In Turkey,an important improvement has been achieved in these issues,but also some basic constitutive problems are still continuing.These constitutional problems can be summarized as providing traffic safety,integration of innovative implementations to transportation system,enhancing of infrastructure and an effective usage of existing infrastructure.

Research on the Interactive Impact of Transportation Systems on Socio-Economic Development

This paper aims to explore the interactive impact between transportation systems and socio-economic development,employing Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)to analyze data from 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China from 2013 to 2022.It comprehensively considers key indicators from the economic,social,and transportation sectors.The paper constructs a model encompassing 5 latent variables and 15 observed variables.Through in-depth analysis,it reveals the promoting role of transportation systems on economic growth and social development,as well as the demand for transportation system construction and optimization driven by socio-economic development levels.The results indicate that an efficient transportation system can not only directly drive economic growth but also indirectly promote social development by improving social welfare and enhancing quality of life.This paper provides new insights into understanding the complex relationship between transportation systems and socio-economic development and holds significant implications for policymakers in optimizing transportation infrastructure to foster economic and social development.