Classification and Integration of Storage and Transportation Engineering Technologies in Potato Producing Areas of China

Considering the development of potato （Solanum tuberosum） industry in China, the existing technologies of potato storage and transportation in the produc- ing area were analyzed through investigation on four main potato production areas. Unear classification was used to conduct the technology classification. According to the technical attributes and characteristics, the potato technologies of storage and transportation in producing area were classified with large classes, middle classes, small classes and subclasses, into the agricultural production area processing and storage engineering technology system, to reveal the structure and functions. Mean- while, the widely used technologies were integrated and summarized into 5 principal technology integration programs, which could be used for the technology integration of the new management subjects such as planting professional cooperatives, family farms, enterprises and so on.

Spatiotemporal evolution of land transportation networks and accessibility in inland mountainous areas 1917-2017:A case study of Southwest China

Located in the western hinterland,Southwest China is a typical mountainous area covered by plateaus,mountains and hills.Its ruggedness hinders regional internal and external connections,and its poor transportation infrastructure has long constrained the socioeconomic development of Southwest China.Based on the GIS transportation database,this paper explored the spatiotemporal evolution and characteristics of the land transportation networks and the accessibility of Southwest China from 1917 to 2017.Regional accessibility in Southwest China has significantly improved,and transportation infrastructure has gradually integrated the transportation circles of the52 central cities.The transportation network has followed an evolutionary process from a"hub-spoke pattern"to a"network pattern",while the construction of a high-speed railway(HSR)has brought about significant spatial polarization.We argue that innovation in transportation technology is one of the most effective factors for promoting a significant change in regional accessibility.In addition,the spatial distribution and evolution of accessibility in Southwest China presents a verticalcharacteristic that distinguishes it from the plains,as the spillover effects of new transportation infrastructure on accessibility improvement are partly offset by the mountainous terrain.Additionally,in Southwest China,there is significant"path dependence"in the evolution of the transportation network,since a large portion of the population is concentrated along transportation corridors in mountainous areas.

FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION MODES ALONG THE CHANGJIANG RIVER MAIN LINE AND ITS DELTA AREA

The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in China. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-jiang River main line and its delta area. It is of significance to assess these different transportation modes scientifically in order to organize container transportation efficiently in this area and make decision for integral plan and construction of transportation system in this area. This paper outlines application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise different modes of typical direction of containers. Twelve assessment indexes were decided. Membership functions were formulated. Evaluation results indicated that road transportation was optimal mode in the Changjiang River delta area, however water transportation was the primary way in the Changjiang River main line.

Influence of Transportation Accessibility on Urban-rural Income Disparity and Its Spatial Heterogeneity

Transportation accessibility has been treated as an important means of reducing the urban-rural income disparity.However,only a few studies have examined the effects of different types of transportation accessibility on urban-rural income disparity and their spatial heterogeneity.Based on data from 285 prefecture-level(and above)Chinese cities in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020,this study uses spatial econometric models to examine how highway accessibility and railway accessibility influence the urban-rural income disparity and to identify their spatial heterogeneity.The result reveals that highway accessibility and railway accessibility have‘coreperiphery’ring-like circle structures.The urban-rural income disparity exhibits strong spatial clustering effects.Both highway accessibility and railway accessibility are negatively associated with urban-rural income disparity,and the former having a greater effect size.Moreover,there is a substitution effect between highway accessibility and railway accessibility in the whole sample.Furthermore,these associations differ in geographic regions.In the central region,highway accessibility is more important in reducing the urban-rural income disparity,but its effect is weakened with the increase of railway accessibility.In the western region,railway accessibility has a larger effect on narrowing the urban-rural income disparity,and this effect is strengthened by the increase of highway accessibility.We conclude that improving transportation accessibility is conducive to reducing the urban-rural income disparity but its effect is spatial heterogenetic.Highways and railways should be developed in a coordinated manner to promote an integrated transport network system.

Medical transportation and the contribution of air medical evacuation in isolated mountainous areas of Greece-Case study,Municipality of Agrafa

In every emergency medical situation,access to emergency medical services is an inalienable right of any citizen.The average acceptable time to provide first aid assistance is 60 minutes.In this paper,the possibility of using helicopters for air travel in mountainous areas was examined for the first time for all of Greece and especially for a mountainous and isolated area such as the Municipality of Agrafa.Initially,the time distance-virtual distance,from the hospitals was calculated at the national level of Greece,with an acceptable first contact time of 60 minutes(golden hour),i.e.,less than two hours from the nearest hospital to the incident and back to the hospital and the relevant conclusions are drawn.Then,the case study of Municipality of Agrafa,one of the most mountainous areas in Greece,was examined.The time distance of the settlements from the nearest primary health point,namely the Primary Health Centre(PHC)of West Fragkista,was calculated and the transportation by ground means was compared with the corresponding time by flying means,to investigate the contribution of air transportation or not,of the timely arrival of the patients in the appropriate health structure.Finally,possible helicopter landing locations were identified,using a geographic information system to facilitate the process of air medical transportation in the Municipality of Agrafa.

Preliminary Analysis of Special Tourism Transportation in Agricultural Eco-scenic Area

Transport varies greatly in agricultural eco-scenic areas for the diversity of resources, and different terrains such as mountains, low hills and forest lands. Special tourism transportation is common in scenic area of different themes. For agricultural eco-scenic area, the road design has to consider the theme of the scenic area, thus animal power is a favorable transportation choice, it refl ects agricultural ecological characteristics and also takes production needs into consideration. This paper analyzed road design characteristics of agricultural eco-scenic area, and proposed the transportation model dominated by animal power and considering farming production, so as to meet the standards of "rural road" in agricultural eco-scenic area and comply with the style of agricultural tourism, and satisfy the visitors.

Transport Accessibility and Spatial Connections of Cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Based on geographic information system(GIS) spatial analysis technology, the spatial pattern of raster grid transport accessibility for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area was studied and the states of spatial connectedness were simulated using highway passenger transport, railway passenger transport, port passenger transport and aviation passenger transport data. The result shows that transport accessibility within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area costs ‘one hour’ and the spatial distribution of accessibility in the area presents clear ‘core-periphery’ spatial characteristics, with Guangzhou, Foshan, Shenzhen constituting the core. The transport accessibility of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao is high. Average accessibility of urban nodes as measured by travel time is 0.99 h, and the areas accessible within 1.42 h occupy 79.14% of the total area. Most of the areas with the lowest accessibility are found in the peripheral area, with the worst accessibility being 4.73 h. Compared with the west-side cities, the economically developed east-side cities of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area have higher connectivity with roads, railways, ports, and aviation transport. Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao are closely linked. The higher the accessibility, the closer the intercity connectedness.

Air temperature was associated with ambulance transports in Osaka area, Japan

We investigated the link between ambulance transports and meteorological parameters of summer by using daily data in Osaka area, Japan. Daily observations for ambulance transports (from July 1 to September 30, 2009) were obtained from Fire Department Service in Osaka. Data of meteorological parameters in Osaka area, Japan (from July 1 to September 30, 2009) were also obtained from Japan Meteorological Agency. Effect of meteorological parameters on ambulance transports was analyzed. A total of 49,526 ambulance transports were observed from July 1 to September 30, 2009 in Osaka, Japan. Ambulance transports were significantly correlated with mean air temperature (r = 0.298), the highest air temperature (r = 0.347), the lowest air temperature (r = 0.209) and daylight hours (r = 0.301). The higher air temperature was associated with higher ambulance transports of summer in Osaka area, Japan.

Higher Temperatures Were Closely Associated with Higher Ambulance Transports in Takamatsu Area,Japan

The link between high temperatures and ambulance transports in Takamatsu area, Japan was investigated. Monthly observations for ambulance transports (2004-2008) were obtained from Fire Department Service in Takamatsu. Data of temperatures in Takamatsu area, Japan (2004-2008) were used by Japan Meteorological Agency. Effect of high temperatures on ambulance transports was analyzed. By using data from July to September, there were not clear differences of mean temperatures and ambulance transports among years. Ambulance transports were significantly correlated with parameters of temperatures. Correlation coefficient rate between ambulance transports and the mean temperature of maximum temperatures in a month was highest among parameters (r = 0.738, p = 0.0017). In addition, ambulance transports were also significantly correlated with the number of days over the level of 32?C in a month (r = 0.782, p = 0.0006). Higher temperatures were closely associated with higher ambulance transports in Takamatsu area, Japan.

Lower air temperature is associated with higher ambulance transports in Sakata area, Yamagata prefecture, Japan

To investigate the link between low air temperature and ambulance transports in Japan. Data on climate parameters i.e. air temperature, humidity and daylight hours in Sakata area, Yamagata prefecture, Japan, which is northern part (Tohoku) in Japan, was obtained from Japan Meteorological Agency. Monthly data on ambulance transports due to acute disease from 2005 to 2011 was also directly obtained from Sakata area official website, Japan. The relations between air temperature and ambulance transports were evaluated by ecological study. Ambulance transports per day were 10.1 ± 1.0 and mean air temperature was 13.0 ± 8.4 (°C). Ambulance transports per day were weakly and negatively correlated with mean air temperature, mean of the highest air temperature, mean of the lowest air temperature, the highest air temperature and daylight hours. It was also weakly and positively correlated with mean humidity. However, the relation between ambulance transports and mean air temperature was well estimated by quadratic curve (r = 0.633,

Interactive Effect and Spatial Characteristics of Agricultural Development Level and Transport Superiority Degree in Main Grain-producing Areas of the Central Jilin Province,China

To investigate the spatial synergy between agricultural development level and transport superiority degree in grain-producing areas of the central Jilin Province and the driving mechanism between them,22 counties in the central Jilin Province were used as the research units to calculate agricultural development level and transport superiority degree using the entropy weighting method,weighted travel time and raster cost distance.The spatial econometric model was used to analyze the mechanism of the mutual influence between the two.The main conclusions are as follows.1)Agricultural development level around Changchun,the provincial capital city,and in the areas of Changchun-Jilin and Changchun-Gongzhuling is high,whereas the development level of the counties in the southwest is low.2)Transport superiority degree of each county has improved,the overall connectivity of the road networks has been optimized,and the level of transportation accessibility has shown the development trend of‘centralization’,exhibiting the characteristics of proximity diffusion.3)Locally,there is spatial heterogeneity in the mutual driving effects of the two,with six main patterns.4)The theoretical conditions of von Thunen’s agricultural location have changed under the conditions of market economy due to the improvement of the transport networks,the new model of agricultural development,and the changes of the market system.

Low-energy Mountain Transportation System with PRT Rail Transit Technology

The PRT (Personal Rapid Transit) refers to a traffic system in which small vehicles automatically travel on a dedicated rail network or road network.It is a branch of monorail traffic and dedicated road traffic.It can change the situation of high energy consumption of traditional mountain transportation.It can reduce the amount of machinery used in the construction process to reduce carbon emissions.It is completely powered by electricity and reduces the friction of the cableway to reduce energy consumption.Its construction process uses small amount of traditional building materials such as concrete and steel.It has little damage to the ecological environment of the mountain,and can not damage the carbon sequestration ability of the plant community.It could serve as a means of transporting goods over long distance,reducing the need for big trucks and thus reducing the consumption of fossil fuels.

Transport patterns of micro nutrient elements from the continental shelf of the East China Sea to the Kuroshio area

On the basis of the in situ data of DO2, pH, SiO2. PO4-P, NO3-N and NO2-N collected in the north of the East China Sea during 1987-1988, the following points are mainly expounded.1.The inorgonic nutrients are obviously affected by continent runoff in the north of the East China Sea. Their distributions are characteristic of its distribution of terrigenous materials.2.There are three transport paths of nutrients from the shelf to the Kuroshio area. The first is mixing-diffusing-advec-tion and upwelling process, the process of biology and biochemistry belongs to the second, and the sinking process is the last one.3.The swing of the Kuroshio axis affectes both the range of the migration of substances through mixing-diffusing-advec-tion process and the upwelling degree of the subsurface Kuroshio water to the shelf.4.Most part of the substances sink as macroparticles to the deep layer before reaching the Kuroshio area.

Reactive Transport Process of Earthquake-induced Hydrochemical Changes in Guanding Thermal Spring,Western Sichuan,China

Earthquake-related hydrochemical changes in thermal springs have been widely observed;however,quantitative modeling of the reactive transport process is absent.In the present study,we apply reactive transport simulation to capture the hydrochemical responses in a thermal spring following the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 and Lushan Ms 7.0 earthquakes.We first constrain deep reservoir geothermal fluid compositions and temperature by multicomponent geothermometry,and then a reactive geochemical transport model is constructed to reproduce the hydrochemical evolution process.The results show that the recharge from the shallow aquifer increases gradually until it reaches a peak because of the permeability enhancement caused by the Lushan earthquake,which may be the mechanism to explain the earthquake-related hydrochemical responses.In contrast to the postseismic effect of the Wenchuan earthquake,the chemical evolution can be considered as hydrochemical anomalies related to the Lushan earthquake.This study proves that the efficient simulation of reactive transport processes is useful for investigating earthquake-related signals in hydrochemical time series.

考虑末端出行的城市轨道交通就业可达性

在轨道交通与城市融合发展的背景下,基于地铁站点的步行影响范围和由共享单车订单数据识别所得的骑行影响范围,测算站点到居住小区和就业兴趣点(POI)的步行和骑行时间,提出考虑末端出行的两步移动搜索法.结合洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数,测算和分析北京市六环内城市轨道交通站点的就业可达性及其公平性,量化末端出行对二者的影响.结果表明,在步行和骑行2种末端出行方式下,各站点的末端出行时间平均为18.6、8.6min,占总出行时间的29%、16%,且第一公里耗时略高于最后一公里.城市轨道交通就业可达性由中心城区向外围沿圈层递减,呈现明显的廊道特征.整体上基尼系数达到0.16、0.17,就业可达性分布较公平,但低房价站点存在明显的可达性劣势,局部上四环外和低房价类型站点的可达性分布相对更不均衡.相较于传统方法,利用改进方法所得的结果显示,考虑末端出行后可达性平均变化20%、9%,且外围站点变化更大,公平性的变化程度达到10%、2%.

基于熵值法的交旅融合服务区新增客流预测

[背景]路衍经济是行业转变发展方式、提升服务水平、增强发展韧性的重要选择。交旅融合产业是路衍经济的重要产业方向,高速公路服务区人流、车流汇集,具有天然的窗口平台优势和点状区位优势,是发展交旅融合产业的最佳场景。[目标]通过使用设施基本数据与历史交通流数据,采用熵值法对新建交旅融合服务区的新增客流进行预测,可以为服务区的建设和运营提供数据支持。[方法]以G75兰海高速公路太石服务区交旅融合项目为依托,基于承载力、价格等影响因素,构建了基于熵值法的吸引力模型,提出了交旅融合服务区新增客流的预测方法。采用熵值法确定模型系数,依据淡旺季各功能分区内设施的开放情况定量计算。[结果]客流计算结果显示,娱乐休闲区在开放期间吸引的客流最多,占到当月新增客流的61.1%。餐饮类与住宿类在淡旺季间的新增客流差距不大,而商务招待类的淡季客流显著高于旺季客流。[应用]通过计算交旅融合服务区中各功能区的新增客流量,可以为建成后的交旅融合服务区各功能区的开放计划及人员配备提供数据支撑,为提高服务区服务质量和服务满意度提供决策依据,以提高服务区的经营效益和资源利用率。

江海通途:秦汉江东交通地理研究

秦汉时期江东地区已初步形成通江达海的海陆交通网络。北去方向有丹徒道、牛渚道这两大主干交通线,不仅串联江东、江淮及至中原,服务于中央与地方之间的权力运行,而且在商业运输中发挥着重要作用。西汉中期以来,东瓷西铜的江东产业格局逐渐形成,会稽瓷器与丹阳铜料在长江以北的消费市场活跃一时。南向通道的海上贸易相当繁盛,在特殊时期则带有战争与流亡色彩。考古所见两汉物资转输的个案表明,长江水道在江东与两湖、巴蜀的直接或间接往来中发挥着不可替代的作用。

雄安新区地下综合交通枢纽轨道交通预留工程设计要点

[目的]针对雄安新区大型地下综合交通枢纽建设时序不一的问题,为减少二次建设影响并降低后期难度、风险与投资,需对雄安新区地下综合交通枢纽建设中预留的轨道交通工程的设计要点进行深入研究。[方法]介绍了雄安新区雄安城际站、小里站及金融岛站等枢纽的基本概况,分析了地下综合交通枢纽预留轨道交通工程的必要性,总结了枢纽预留轨道交通工程的设计理念,提炼了枢纽轨道交通预留工程的设计要点。[结果及结论]枢纽轨道交通预留工程的设计要点为:以规划条件为基础,确定系统制式及车辆编组;以整体最优为思路,确定合理的线路站位及站型;以站城融合为策略,统筹城市功能与交通功能;以一体化设计为理念,完善枢纽布局方案;以集约适度为原则,研究枢纽分期实施;以精细落地为目标,统筹预留预埋措施。

临兴东区致密气田地面集输方案研究

在位于山西省吕梁市临县及兴县境内的临兴致密气田,中国海油投产了临兴东区一体化项目,实施效果整体达到预期。在此背景下,中国海油启动了临兴东区高家村致密气田开发项目。结合新部署井场分布范围和产气量规模,拟围绕已投产的一体化区进行开发,新部署井场通过新建采集气管线接入一体化区已建采集气管网。由于单井压力和产量递减快、气井产水、采集气半径偏大和管道沿线存在起伏等原因,导致井场端回压偏高。综合工程投资和操作成本,推荐降低集气站进站压力、设置进站压缩机、气水混输至集气站的集输方案。同时,投产初期井口压力较高,选择合适的集气站进站压力,以充分利用地层压力。