Bladder Perforation during Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor Is Not an Innocent Accident: Literature Review Based on a Clinical Case Experience

Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) is a standard treatment in the disease’s early stages, with bladder perforation being a possible and classical complication. However, extravesical tumor seeding resulting from perforation is a rare phenomenon. We hereby report the case of a 76-year-old man with a history of smoking diagnosed with high-grade T1 urothelial carcinoma. TURBT was performed and bladder perforation occurred during the procedure. Radical cystectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy failed to reveal an invasive tumor. However, the patient experienced peritoneal recurrence with liver metastasis 3 years following the operation. This case left physician wondering whether the bladder perforation and the resulting tumor seeding are the cause behind the late peritoneal recurrence of an early-stage urothelial carcinoma.

Effect of internal iliac artery chemotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumor for muscle invasive bladder cancer

Objective： To evaluate the clinical effect of transurethral resection of bladder tumor（TUR-BT） combined with internal iliac artery chemotherapy and intravesical instillation therapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer（MIBC）.Methods： From February 2007 to April 2014, 62 patients with MIBC were treated with TUR-BT combined with intravesical instillation therapy, with or without internal iliac artery chemotherapy, and the chemotherapy regimen is gemcitabine and cisplatin（GC）. The bladder preservation and survival rate as well as cancer-specific survival（CSS） rate and overall survival（OS） rate of the two groups were compared.Results： Sixty-two patients were followed-up for 26-102 months with an average of 58.4±3.1 months. Recurrence-free survival（RFS） at 2-year for TUR ＋ GC group and TUR group were 77.8% and 53.8%, respectively. Bladder preserved rate（BPR） at 3-year for TUR ＋ GC group and TUR group were 94.4% and 80.8%. CSS rate at 2-year for TUR ＋ GC group and TUR group were 94.4% and 84.6%. The diseasefree survival（DFS） at 1-year for TUR ＋ GC group and TUR group were 83.3% and 61.5%, and 77.8% and 53.8% for the 2nd year. OS at 2-year for TUR ＋ GC group and TUR group were 88.9% and 92.3%.Conclusions： TUR-BT and intravesical instillation therapy combined with internal iliac artery chemotherapy for MIBC had a better outcome at RFS, BPR and DFS than the treatment without internal iliac artery chemotherapy, and no difference in OS and CSS.

Cryoablation techniques in bladder cancer: A review

Bladder cancer(BC)ranks as the tenth most common cancer globally.Histopathologically,BC is broadly categorized into urothelial and non-urothelial BC.Urothelial carcinoma represents over 90%of BC in most regions worldwide.The standard treatment procedure for diagnosing and treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)is transurethral resection of bladder tumors(TURBT).Currently,the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)is neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy.Cryoablation therapy is a medical technique that uses extremely low temperatures to destroy diseased tissue.This treatment serves as a therapeutic tool for both benign and malignant diseases in organs such as the kidney,prostate gland,lung,liver,and breast,and is particularly effective for unresectable tumors,offering less trauma,quick recovery,good tolerability,and symptom control.However,cryoablation has its limitations.Over the past few years,cryoablation therapy has emerged as a new method for treating early BC.This treatment is minimally invasive,precise,and offers quick recovery,providing patients with a new treatment option.Although randomized studies are still limited,increasing evidence suggests its potential application in bladder cancer combined with transurethral resection(TURBT)or medication.Cryoablation is not standard therapy for bladder cancer.Treatment decisions should be discussed by a multidisciplinary team of urologists,oncologists,and interventional physicians and require more randomized controlled trials to define patient selection criteria and treatment approaches.

Treatment and surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer:a clinical practice guideline(2021 edition)

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)is a major type of bladder cancer with a high incidence worldwide,resulting in a great disease burden.Treatment and surveillance are the most important part of NIMBC management.In 2018,we issued“Treatment and surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in China:an evidencebased clinical practice guideline”.Since then,various studies on the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC have been published.There is a need to incorporate these materials and also to take into account the relatively limited medical resources in primary medical institutions in China.Developing a version of guideline which takes these two issues into account to promote the management of NMIBC is therefore indicated.We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists.Through questionnaire investigation of clinicians including primary medical institutions,24 clinically concerned issues,involving transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT),intravesical chemotherapy and intravesical immunotherapy of NMIBC,and follow-up and surveillance of the NMIBC patients,were determined for this guideline.Researches and recommendations on the management of NMIBC in databases,guideline development professional societies and monographs were referred to,and the European Association of Urology was used to assess the certainty of generated recommendations.Finally,we issued 29 statements,among which 22 were strong recommendations,and 7 were weak recommendations.These recommendations cover the topics of TURBT,postoperative chemotherapy after TURBT,Bacillus Calmette–Guérin(BCG)immunotherapy after TURBT,combination treatment of BCG and chemotherapy after TURBT,treatment of carcinoma in situ,radical cystectomy,treatment of NMIBC recurrence,and follow-up and surveillance.We hope these recommendations can help promote the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC in China,especially for the primary medical institutions.

Thulium laser treatment for bladder cancer

Recent innovations in thulium laser techniques have allowed application in the treatment of bladder cancer.Laser en bloc resection of bladder cancer is a transurethral procedure that may offer an alternative to the conventional transurethral resection procedure.We conducted a review of basic thulium laser physics and laser en bloc resection procedures and summarized the current clinical literature with a focus on complications and outcomes.Literature evidence suggests that thulium laser techniques including smooth incision,tissue vaporization,and en bloc resection represent feasible,safe,and effective procedures in the treatment of bladder cancer.Moreover,these techniques allow improved specimen orientation and accurate determination of invasion depth,facilitating correct diagnosis,restaging,and reevaluation of the need for a second resection.Nonetheless,large-scale multicentre studies with longer follow-up are warranted for a robust assessment.The present review is meant as a quick reference for urologists.

Erectile dysfunction in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer patients before and after transurethral resection(TUR)of bladder tumor in China

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of erectile dysfunction(ED)in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)patients before and after transurethral resection(TUR)in China.Clinical data from 165 male patients with NMIBC who received adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy after TUR in Neijiang First People’s Hospital(Neijiang,China)between January 2010 and June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.The sexual function of these patients was evaluated before and 1.5 years after initial TUR by the International Index of Erectile Function-5(IIEF-5).An age-specific subanalysis was performed among the patients:<45 years old(Group 1,n=19)and≥45 years old(Group 2,n=146).Before and 1.5 years after TUR,the incidence rates of ED in Group 1 were 15.8%and 52.6%,and those in Group 2 were 54.1%and 61.0%,respectively.The difference between groups was statistically significant at the preoperative stage(15.8%vs 54.1%,P=0.002)but not at the postoperative stage(52.6%vs 61.0%,P=0.562).Compared with the preoperative stage,the incidence of ED at the postoperative stage was increased significantly in Group 1(15.8%vs 52.6%,P=0.017)but not in Group 2(54.1%vs 61.0%,P=0.345).In conclusion,the incidence of ED increased in male NMIBC patients under the age of 45 years after TUR in China.These patients should be offered professional counseling during the follow-up period.

Mechanism research of pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation combined compound matrine injection on treating superficial bladder cancer

Objective:Investigate the mechanism of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation combined compound matrine injection on treating superficial bladder cancer, thus to provide assistance for clinical therapy of superficial bladder cancer.Methods:A total of 90 cases of patients with superficial bladder cancer treated in our hospital were selected, and randomly divided to be control group and combination group, 45 cases for each. For patients in control group, treatment of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation was provided after transurethral resection of bladder tumors. For patients in combination group, combined treatment of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation and compound matrine injection were provided after transurethral resection of bladder tumors. T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, liver and renal functions of patients in each group were detected before and after treatment.Results: No statistical difference showed on T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, liver and renal functions between two groups of patients with superficial bladder cancer before and after treatment. Compared with prior treatment, CD8+, cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2), liver function indexes (AST and ALT) and renal function indexes (BUN and Cre) were significantly increased in two groups of patients after treatment, while T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP) were significantly decreased. Differences showed statistical significance. After combined treatment given, T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+) and cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) in combination group were significantly higher than in control group after treatment, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP), CD8+, liver function indexes (AST and ALT) and renal function indexes (BUN and Cre) were significantly lower than in control group after treatment. Differences between the two groups showed statistical significance.Conclusion:Combination of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation and compound matrine injection could enhance immune functions, improve inflammatory reactions and decrease chemotherapeutics toxicities for patients with superficial bladder cancer. It is of great significance on clinical therapy for those patients.

Complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor before radical cystectomy is not a risk factor for organ-confined bladder cancer:A case-control study

Objectives:To investigate the role of complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT)before radical cystectomy(RC)for organ-confined bladder cancer.Materials and methods:Data of patients who underwent RC in our center from January 2008 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.Patients with>T2N0M0 disease and positive surgical margins and those who received neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded.Complete TURBT was defined as no visible lesion under endoscopic examination after TURBT or in the bladder specimen after RC.Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests assessed disease-free survival(DFS).Logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to identify potential predictors.Results:A total of 236 patients were included in this review,including 207 males,with a median age of 61 years.The median tumor size was 3 cm,and a total of 94 patients had identified pathological T2 stage disease.Complete TURBT was correlated with tumor size(p=0.041),histological variants(p=0.026),and down-staging(p<0.001).Tumor size,grade,and histological variants were independent predictors of complete TURBT.During a median follow-up of 42.7 months,30 patients developed disease recurrence.Age and histological variants were independent predictors of DFS(p=0.022 and 0.032,respectively),whereas complete TURBT was not an independent predictor of DFS(p=0.156).Down-staging was not associated with survival outcome.Conclusions:Complete TURBT was correlated with an increased rate of down-staging before RC.It was not associated with better oncologic outcomes for patients with organ-confined bladder cancer.

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术的临床意义

目的探讨非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)患者二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术治疗的临床效果。方法选取82例NMIBC患者,按随机数字表法分为2组,各41例。对照组予以经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)治疗,观察组予以经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术治疗。比较2组手术情况、炎症因子水平、氧化应激因子、病理诊断准确率及并发症。结果观察组肉眼血尿时间[(1.29±0.23)d]、尿管留置时间[(2.35±0.27)d]、术后膀胱冲洗时间[(1.42±0.25)d]较对照组短,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后白介素-6(IL-6)[(67.25±6.19)pg/mL]、C反应蛋白(CRP)[(17.25±2.19)mg/L]及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)[(40.39±4.28)pg/mL]水平较对照组低,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后丙二醛(MDA)[(5.74±1.05)mmol/L]水平低于对照组,超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)[(105.96±9.58)μmol/L]及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)[(70.14±6.23)pg/mL]水平较对照组高,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组病理诊断准确率[90.24%(37/41)]高于对照组,并发症发生率[4.88%(2/41)]低于对照组,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术治疗NMIBC较TURBT效果更佳,能够减轻手术创伤,缩短肉眼血尿、尿管留置时间,减轻炎症反应及氧化应激反应,且切除标本更符合病理分期要求,安全可靠。

膀胱癌电切术后尿路感染Lasso-Logistic预测模型的构建

目的 分析膀胱癌电切术后尿路感染(UTI)发生情况,并构建Lasso-Logistic预测模型。方法 选取2022年5月—2023年10月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院行尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)治疗后的920例膀胱癌患者,统计术后UTI发生率。根据是否发生UTI分为UTI组和非UTI组,比较2组临床资料;通过Lasso-Logistic回归分析膀胱癌患者术后UTI的影响因素,根据影响因素构建Lasso-Logistic预测模型;通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、决策曲线分析(DCA)评价模型的预测效能和临床效用。结果 膀胱癌患者TURBT后住院期间UTI发生率为12.50%(115/920);Lasso-Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、高血压、糖尿病、血清降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、外周血CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、尿液基质金属蛋白酶-7(MMP-7)、表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)和表面活性蛋白D(SP-D)均为膀胱癌患者术后发生UTI的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。根据影响因素构建Lasso-Logistic预测模型为:Logit(P)=-2.516+1.109×年龄+1.002×糖尿病+1.359×高血压+1.496×CRP+1.726×PCT+1.562×IL-6-1.155×CD3^(+)-1.280×CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)-1.032×IgA-1.411×IgM+1.589×MMP-7-0.843×SP-A-0.799×SP-D。ROC曲线结果显示,该模型预测膀胱癌患者术后发生UTI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.944(95%CI:0.927~0.958),敏感度、特异度分别为87.83%、85.22%;DCA结果显示,该模型具有明显的正向净收益。结论 膀胱癌患者TURBT后UTI发生率较高,根据影响因素构建Lasso-Logistic预测模型可为临床预测UTI发生风险提供可靠参考依据。

经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术对表浅层膀胱癌患者血清相关指标及炎症因子的影响

目的 探讨经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术(HoLRBT)治疗表浅层膀胱癌的临床效果及安全性。方法 选取70例表浅层膀胱癌患者,按随机数字表法分为2组,各35例。对照组行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)治疗,观察组行HoLRBT治疗。比较2组手术情况、血清相关指标、炎症因子水平及并发症。结果 观察组膀胱冲洗、尿管留置及住院时间分别为(19.58±2.14)min、(20.34±3.35)d、(8.96±1.15)d,均短于对照组的(32.54±3.49)min、(35.41±4.12)d、(13.75±2.14)d;术中出血量为(26.58±2.35)ml,少于对照组的(40.18±4.27)ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后恶性肿瘤特异生长因子(TSGF)、肝细胞生长因子(HGF)水平分别为(65.36±6.15)U/ml、(2.21±0.32)μmol/L,低于对照组的(80.41±8.36)U/ml、(3.42±0.45)μmol/L,有统计学差异(P<0.05);观察组术后白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平分别为(57.25±5.19)pg/ml、(39.39±4.28)pg/ml、(12.25±2.19)mg/L,低于对照组的(64.31±6.28)pg/ml、(45.41±4.38)pg/ml、(15.41±2.23)mg/L,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组并发症较对照组少,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 HoLRBT治疗表浅层膀胱癌效果更佳,可缩短膀胱冲洗、尿管留置时间,减轻手术创伤,降低TSGF、HGF水平,且并发症少。

新辅助放疗联合cTURBT和辅助化疗治疗直径≥3cm的T_(2)期MIBC的疗效与安全性

目的探讨新辅助调强适形放疗联合“最大化”经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(cTURBT)和辅助化疗治疗肿瘤直径≥3 cm的T 2期肌层浸润性膀胱癌(MIBC)的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析天津市人民医院泌尿外科收治的接受新辅助放疗联合cTURBT和辅助化疗的31例病灶直径≥3 cm的T 2期MIBC患者的临床资料,随访患者复发、转移、生存、死亡情况。结果31例患者均接受新辅助放疗,放疗总剂量为48(44,50)Gy,放疗后3例(9.7%)完全缓解,19例(61.3%)部分缓解,客观缓解率为71.0%,疾病控制率为96.8%。所有患者顺利行cTURBT术,手术时间37(31,42)min,出血量为20(10,30)ml,无围手术期输血患者,术后住院时间为4(4,5)d,术中无闭孔神经损伤、膀胱穿孔、严重出血、经尿道电切综合征发生。随访患者12~36个月,9例(29.0%)患者复发,中位复发时间18(10,23.5)个月,6例患者为膀胱内复发,其中5例再次行cTURBT术联合膀胱灌注治疗,1例行挽救性根治性膀胱切除术(RC);2例出现膀胱内复发和淋巴结转移,其中1例行cTURBT联合免疫治疗,1例行挽救性RC;1例出现全身多发转移,行姑息性治疗。结论新辅助放疗联合cTURBT和辅助化疗治疗直径≥3 cm的T 2期MIBC患者,保膀胱成功率高,可作为不能或不愿接受RC患者的保膀胱治疗策略。

经尿道整块剜除术与经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术在非肌层浸润性膀胱癌治疗中的疗效对比

目的对比经尿道整块剜除术(en bloc resection of bladder tumor,EBRBT)与经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(transurethral resection of bladder tumor,TURBT)在非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)治疗中的疗效。方法选取2021年4月至2023年2月于揭阳市人民医院接受手术治疗的58例NMIBC患者作为研究对象,按照计算机随机法分为EBRBT组和TURBT组,每组29例,分别行EBRBT和TURBT。观察两组患者围手术期指标、并发症、术后肌层侵犯率及术后1年肿瘤复发情况。结果两组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);EBRBT组术中出血量为(10.71±4.78)ml,较TURBT组(16.58±6.27)ml少,EBRBT组术后尿管留置时间与住院时间分别为(3.23±1.66)d及(4.92±1.06)d,少于TURBT组的(4.75±1.71)d及(5.87±1.82)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);EBRBT组术后并发症发生率为3.45%(1/29),比TURBT组的20.69%(6/29)低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后EBRBT组肌层侵犯率、肿瘤复发率分别为92.59%和6.9%,显著低于和TURBT组的62.07%和26.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论EBRBT相较于TURBT安全性更好,患者预后效果更佳。

Holmium laser versus conventional transurethral resection of the bladder tumor

Background Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor （TURBT） remains the gold standard for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer （NMIBC）. Laser techniques have been widely used in urology. This analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of holmium resection of the bladder tumor （HoLRBT）vs. TURBT. Methods A systemic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library as well as manual bibliography searches were performed to identify the relevant studies. The pooled estimates of operation time, obturator nerve reflex rate, bladder perforation rate, bladder irrigation rate, catheterization time, hospital stay, and one- and two-year recurrence free survivals were calculated. Results Five studies were enrolled into our meta-analysis. No significant difference was observed in the operation time between groups （weighted mean difference （WMD） 1.01, 95% confidential interval （95% CI） -3.52-5.54, P=0.66）. The significant difference in the obturator nerve reflex （OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.04, P=0.004）, bladder perforation （OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.61, P=-0.009）, bladder irrigation （OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.45, P=0.001）, catheterization time （WMD -0.96, 95% C1-1.11 to-0.82, P 〈0.00001）, and hospital stay （WMD-1.46, 95% C1-1.65 to-1.27, P 〈0.00001）showed advantages of HoLRBT over TURBT. The 2-year recurrence free survival rate favors the HoLRBT group （OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.11, P=-0.04）. Conclusions As a promising technique, HoLRBT is safe and efficient, and showed several advantages over TURBT. HoLRBT can be used as an alternative procedure for TURBT in terms of low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma or low-grade early TNM-stage urothelial carcinoma.

同期与分期TURBT/PKRP手术对膀胱癌合并前列腺增生患者疗效对比

目的分析同期与分期经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(TURBT)/经尿道前列腺等离子电切术(PKRP)对膀胱癌合并前列腺增生患者术后恢复的影响。方法选取2020年12月至2023年12月山西省肿瘤医院膀胱癌合并前列腺增生患者98例,其中同期行TURBT术与PKRP术治疗者52例纳入同期组,分期行TURBT术与PKRP术治疗者46例纳入分期组。比较两组疗效;前列腺功能指标[最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(RU)、国际前列腺症状(IPSS)评分、最大尿道闭合压、最大尿道压]、预后(膀胱癌复发、前列腺窝种植转移情况)。结果同期组疗效优于分期组;相较于术前,术后6个月两组Qmax均升高,RU、IPSS评分、最大尿道闭合压、最大尿道压均降低,且同期组相较于分期组Qmax更高,RU、IPSS评分、最大尿道闭合压、最大尿道压更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同期组膀胱癌复发率及前列腺窝种植转移率均低于分期组(P<0.05)。结论针对膀胱癌合并前列腺增生患者采取同期TURBT术与PKRP术同期治疗疗效较好,肿瘤复发及转移风险较低。

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效及对患者预后的影响研究

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效及对患者预后的影响。方法 将2015年1月—2022年1月在本院治疗的80例浅表性膀胱癌患者随机分为两组,对照组使用传统开放性膀胱部分切除术,观察组使用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT),对比两组的各项手术指标、并发症、血清肿瘤标志物、生活质量及复发情况。结果 观察组手术时间、术中出血量、留置导尿管时间、住院时间均少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组尿道狭窄、膀胱穿孔、膀胱痉挛、闭孔神经反射等并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后6个月的CEA、CA125、BTA、VEGF水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后1年复发率低于对照组,术后1年的EORTC QLQ-C30评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 TURBT治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效显著,创伤小,肿瘤根治效果好,术后可明显降低肿瘤标志物水平,减少远期复发,提高生存质量。

小剂量注射吉西他滨联合经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗中高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床研究

目的 对比经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT),探讨黏膜下小剂量注射吉西他滨(SIOG)联合TURBT治疗中高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)的治疗效果及药物经济学评价。方法 收集2015年1月1日至2020年8月31日本院270例中高危NMIBC患者(TURBT 213例,SIOG+TURBT 57例)的临床资料,应用倾向性评分匹配以1∶1的比例匹配,每组病例为52人,分析2组的临床疗效,核算其成本,构建1年为循环周期,1 000人10年的Markov模型对2组治疗方案进行药物经济学评价。结果 TURBT组患者3、6、12个月肿瘤未复发率和SIOG+TUR BT组患者3、6、12个月肿瘤未复发率分别为90.38%vs 100.00%、84.62%vs 98.08%、78.85%vs92.31%,术后6个月时肿瘤未复发率2组差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05),经log-r a n k检验,2组1年时肿瘤未复发率差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。TURBT方案和SIOG+TURBT方案累积人均成本分别为217 117.20元和190 701.12元,获得的健康效果分别为5.56质量调整生命年(quality-adjusted life years,QALYs)和5.77QALYs。与TURBT治疗方案相比,SIOG+TURBT治疗方案提高了0.21QALYs,节约了26 416.08元。SIOG+TURBT方案对于TURBT方案具有成本-效用优势。结论 与TURBT相比,SIOG+TURBT治疗中高危NMIBC具有更优的临床效果及经济性。

卡介苗用于我国中高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者TUR-BT术后灌注治疗的药物经济学评价

目的对卡介苗(BCG)与表柔比星用于中高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)患者经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(TUR-BT)术后膀胱灌注治疗的经济性进行评价。方法从我国卫生体系角度出发,基于ChiCTR-IIR-16008357研究构建Markov队列模型。以质量调整生命年(QALYs)作为健康产出,意愿支付阈值设定为1倍2023年中国人均国内生产总值(89358元/QALY)。采用成本-效用分析比较BCG方案相对表柔比星方案用于我国中高危NMIBC患者TUR-BT术后膀胱灌注治疗的增量成本-效果比(ICER),并进行敏感性分析。结果BCG方案相比于表柔比星方案的增量成本为34309.51元,增量效用为0.800 QALYs,ICER为42871.33元/QALY,低于意愿支付阈值。当意愿支付阈值为89358元/QALY时,概率敏感性分析中BCG方案可被接受的概率为77.70%,高于表柔比星方案,且BCG方案的可接受性随意愿支付阈值的增加而增加。结论以1倍2023年我国人均GDP为意愿支付阈值时,相比表柔比星,BCG用于中高危NMIBC患者TUR-BT术后膀胱灌注治疗具有更好的经济性。

经尿道双极等离子电切术对膀胱癌患者手术相关指标、生活质量和远期预后的影响

目的 探讨经尿道双极等离子电切术对膀胱癌患者手术相关指标、生活质量和远期预后的影响。方法根据手术方式的不同将107例膀胱癌患者分为对照组(n=53)和观察组(n=54),对照组患者给予膀胱部分切除术治疗,观察组患者给予经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗。比较两组患者手术相关指标、生活质量[欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量测定量表(EORTC QLQ-C30)]、术后并发症发生情况及随访2年复发情况。结果 观察组患者手术时间、导尿管留置时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间均明显短于对照组,术中出血量明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。术后3个月,两组患者躯体功能、情绪功能、社会功能、认知功能评分均高于本组术前,观察组患者躯体功能、情绪功能、社会功能、认知功能评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者的并发症总发生率为5.56%,低于对照组患者的18.87%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后随访2年,观察组患者术后6个月、1年、2年复发率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论 经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗膀胱癌,可缩短导管留置时间及术后住院时间,降低术后并发症发生率和复发率,改善生活质量,有利于患者的术后恢复。

miR-154、miR-22与膀胱癌患者病理特征关系及预测TURBT后复发价值

目的探讨微小RNA-154(miR-154)、微小RNA-22(miR-22)与膀胱癌患者病理特征关系及预测经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)后复发价值。方法选取2019年1月至2022年12月华北理工大学附属医院收治的150例膀胱癌患者作为研究对象,统计癌组织和癌旁组织、不同病理特征患者miR-154、miR-22表达水平,采用Spearman相关分析不同病理特征与miR-154、miR-22表达水平的相关性。根据患者TURBT后复发情况将其分为复发组和未复发组,比较两组miR-154、miR-22表达水平。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析miR-154、miR-22预测TURBT后复发的效能。采用卡普兰-迈耶生存曲线(K-M)进行不同miR-154、miR-22表达水平患者生存状况分析。结果膀胱癌患者癌组织miR-154、miR-22表达水平均低于癌旁组织,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同临床分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移膀胱癌患者miR-154、miR-22表达水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,临床分期、淋巴结转移与miR-154、miR-22均呈负相关(P<0.05),分化程度与miR-154、miR-22呈正相关(P<0.05)。150例膀胱癌患者TURBT后共有15例失访,32例复发,103例未复发,分别纳入复发组和未复发组。复发组miR-154、miR-22表达水平均低于未复发组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,miR-154、miR-22预测TURBT后复发的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.823、0.817,当最佳截断值为0.44、0.71时,灵敏度为78.12%、87.50%,特异度为75.73%、63.11%。miR-154、miR-22联合预测TURBT后复发的AUC为0.854,灵敏度及特异度分别为90.62%、92.23%。150例膀胱癌患者TURBT后共有15例失访,124例生存,11例死亡。根据ROC曲线中miR-154、miR-22最佳截断值为界限,≤最佳截断值为低表达,>最佳截断值为高表达。K-M曲线分析结果显示,miR-154、miR-22低表达患者生存率分别为88.16%(67/76)、88.00%(66/75),低于miR-154、miR-22高表达患者的98.31%(58/59)、98.33%(59/60),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=55.821、55.960,P<0.001)。结论膀胱癌患者癌组织miR-154、miR-22水平与淋巴结转移、临床分期、分化程度密切相关,二者联合检测有助于提高TURBT后复发预测效能,指导临床诊治,改善预后。