A Theoretical Study on Nonadiabatic Trapping Models of the Reaction NH+H←→N+H_2

The properties of nonadiabatic trapping models of the reaction NH+H -N+H, are investigated in a collinear model as \veil as a non-collinear thermal reaction on the basis of theintrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) intbrmation obtained by ah initio calculations at QCISD/631 IG** ie\el. Using the unitied statistical theory fornonadiabatic trapping models. the thermal rateconstants over the temperature range of 2000-3000K are computed which are in excellent agreementwith the experiment results.

Temperature- and voltage-dependent trap generation model in high-k metal gate MOS device with percolation simulation

High-k metal gate stacks are being used to suppress the gate leakage due to tunneling for sub-45 nm technology nodes.The reliability of thin dielectric films becomes a limitation to device manufacturing,especially to the breakdown characteristic.In this work,a breakdown simulator based on a percolation model and the kinetic Monte Carlo method is set up,and the intrinsic relation between time to breakdown and trap generation rate R is studied by TDDB simulation.It is found that all degradation factors,such as trap generation rate time exponent m,Weibull slope β and percolation factor s,each could be expressed as a function of trap density time exponent α.Based on the percolation relation and power law lifetime projection,a temperature related trap generation model is proposed.The validity of this model is confirmed by comparing with experiment results.For other device and material conditions,the percolation relation provides a new way to study the relationship between trap generation and lifetime projection.

3D CFD validation of invert trap efficiency for sewer solid management using VOF model

Earlier investigators have numerically carried out performance analysis of the invert trap fitted in an open channel using the stochastic discrete phase model(DPM) by assuming the open channel flow to be closed conduit flow under pressure and assuming zero shear stress at the top wall.This is known as the fixed lid model.By assuming the top wall to be a shear free wall,they have been able to show that the velocity distribution looks similar to that of an open channel flow with zero velocity at the bottom and maximum velocity at the top,representing the free water surface,but no information has been provided for the pressure at the free water surface.Because of this assumption,the validation of the model in predicting the trap efficiency has performed significantly poorly.In addition,the free water surface subject to zero gauge pressure cannot be modeled using the fixed lid model because there is no provision of extra space in the form of air space for the fluctuating part of the water surface profile.It can.however,be modeled using the volume of fluid(VOF) model because the VOF model is the appropriate model for open channel or free surface flow.Therefore,in the present study,three-dimensional(3D) computational fluid dynamics(CFD) modeling with the VOF model,which considers open channel flow with a free water surface,along with the stochastic DPM.was used to model the trap efficiency of an invert trap fitted in an open rectangular channel.The governing mathematical flow equations of the VOF model were solved using the ANSYS Fluent 14.0 software,reproducing the experimental conditions exactly.The results show that the 3D CFD predictions using the VOF model closely fit the experimental data for glass bead particles.

Creation Conditions and Development Model for Lithologic and Stratigraphic Traps in the West Sag of the Beach Area,Liaohe Depression

At present the Eocene reservoir is the focus of exploration in the west sag of the beach area,Liaohe Depression,and lithologic and stratigraphic traps are the most important in the future work.The regional geological background indicated that lithologic and stratigraphic traps might be created in the study area. Studies on creation conditions and distribution pattern of lithologic and stratigraphic traps are

Model-Simulated Coastal Trapped Waves Stimulated by Typhoon in Northwestern South China Sea

In this paper, we apply an unstructured grid coastal ocean model to simulate variations in the sea level and currents forced by two typhoons in the northwestern South China Sea(SCS). The model simulations show distinct differences for the two cases in which the typhoon paths were north and south of the Qiongzhou(QZ) Strait. In both cases, coastal trapped waves(CTWs) are stimulated but their propagation behaviors differ. Model sensitivity simulations suggest the dominant role played by alongshore wind in the eastern SCS(near Shanwei) and southeast of Hainan Island. We also examine the influence of the Leizhou Peninsula by changing the coastline in simulation experiments. Based on our results, we can draw the following conclusions: 1) The CTWs stimulated by the northern typhoon are stronger than the southern CTW. 2) In the two cases, the directions of the current structures of the QZ cross-transect are reversed. The strongest flow cores are both located in the middle-upper area of the strait and the results of our empirical orthogonal function analysis show that the vertical structure is highly barotropic. 3) The simulated CTWs divide into two branches in the QZ Strait for the northern typhoon, and an island trapped wave(ITW) around Hainan Island for the southern typhoon. 4) The Leizhou Peninsula plays a significant role in the distribution of the kinetic energy flux between the two CTW branches. In the presence of the Leizhou Peninsula, the QZ branch has only 39.7 percent of the total energy, whereas that ratio increases to 72.2 percent in its absence.

基于运动法的航空发动机高速燃油齿轮泵卸荷槽设计与验证

高压、高速、高温化使得齿轮泵固有困油问题愈发严重,传统卸荷槽结构已难以满足高性能燃油泵设计要求。为此本文提出一种基于运动法的新型卸荷槽结构设计方法,通过构建困油模型并从整泵全局角度分析齿轮参数对困油各项性能的影响规律,以确定齿轮参数并为卸荷槽设计提供约束条件;其次基于齿轮运动规律和卸荷槽设计原则进行了某型燃油齿轮泵卸荷槽的设计,并进行了多个工况下新型卸荷槽和传统卸荷槽困油特性仿真对比;最后试制了样机并通过试验验证了卸荷槽设计的有效性。研究结果表明:所设计的卸荷槽与传统矩形卸荷槽相比,同工况下最大困油压力降低63.4 MPa,流量脉动率减小33.5%,空化区域更小,工作性能更优,能够显著缓解困油带来的不利影响。采用该结构卸荷槽的齿轮泵具有高的容积效率和长时抗汽蚀能力。

Using Hydraulic Engineering Model Experiment to Study the Sediment Trapping Efficiency of Adjustable Check Dam

The construction of fully closed check dam (CD) is a conventional flood prevention mechanism implemented on rivers. Fully closed CDs trap large amounts of sediments in rivers to stabilize the river slopes and control erosion. However, fully closed CDs cannot selectively trap sediment and may easily overflow, causing them to losing their ability to mediate and hold sediments. Previous studies proposed the concept of “breathable CDs”. The researcher introduced metal slit dam (SD) that could be assembled and disassembled quickly and conveniently. Once a CD reaches maximum capacity, operators must ensure that the water channels of the dam are free from blockage. Moreover, they must inspect the internal accumulation conditions of the dam periodically or immediately following heavy typhoon rains. When necessary, either the sediment buildup in the upriver blockage must be cleared, or the transverse structure of the dam must be removed to allow fine particles to be discharged along with a moderate amount of water. These actions can free up the sediment-storing capacity of the dam for the next heavy typhoon rains. In addition, operators should also inspect the damages inflicted on the dam, such as erosion, wear and tear, and deformation conditions. Damaged components should be disassembled and repaired if possible, or recycled and reused. The present study performed channel tests to simulate closed CDs, SDs, steel pipe dam (SPDs), and steel pipe plus slit dam (SPSDs) for 50-year and 100-year frequency floods. Results were then analyzed to determine the sediment trapping (ST) effects of various CDs, the effects of “adjustable CDs”, and the changes of moderated riverbeds.

中西非裂谷系富油凹陷石油地质特征与勘探方向

基于地震、钻井、烃源岩测试分析等资料,对中西非裂谷系主要盆地富油凹陷石油地质特征进行研究,并探讨未来油气勘探方向。研究表明:中非裂谷系发育下白垩统湖相优质烃源岩,西非裂谷系发育上白垩统陆源海相优质烃源岩,两类烃源岩为中西非裂谷系油气富集提供了物质基础。中西非裂谷系发育包括基岩在内的多套储集层,并存在下白垩统、上白垩统和古近系3套区域盖层。晚中生代以来,受中非剪切带右旋走滑作用等地球动力学因素的影响,中西非裂谷系不同方向的盆地在裂谷作用期次、区域盖层发育层段、圈闭类型及成藏模式等方面存在差异。其中,北东—南西向盆地主要保存了早白垩世一期裂谷层序,区域盖层位于下白垩统裂陷期地层内,形成反转背斜、花状构造及基岩潜山等圈闭类型,发育“源储一体、源内成藏”及“源上储下、源下成藏”两种成藏模式;北西—南东向盆地具有多期裂谷叠置特征,发育上白垩统和古近系区域盖层,形成披覆背斜、断背斜、反向断块等圈闭类型,以“源下储上、源上成藏”为主要成藏模式。多期叠置裂谷盆地的源内成藏组合、强反转盆地的源内岩性油藏及页岩油是中西非裂谷系盆地未来勘探的重要领域。

旋流排沙渠道中旋转水流的排沙效果研究

旋流排沙渠道是基于旋转水流强挟带能力的特点提出的一种渠道水沙分离新技术,为了明晰其水沙特性,在试验研究的基础上,采用Realizable k-ε模型、VOF法及离散相模型,对旋流排沙渠道内的水沙两相流特性进行了数值模拟,通过与模型试验成果的对比确定了不同粒径泥沙的球度,研究了持续来沙条件下旋流排沙渠道的排沙效果,分析了渠道和排沙洞内泥沙的分布规律。结果表明:不同粒径泥沙的球度介于0.2~1.0之间时,在渠道顶部局部来沙条件下旋流排沙渠道对粒径为(0.075,3.000]mm泥沙的计算截沙率与试验值吻合良好,二者的相对误差仅为3.5%,误差主要来源于(0.075,0.160]mm的极细颗粒泥沙;当上游渠道水流进口来沙质量流量为60 g/s时,渠底高含沙水流由起旋室的分流,渠道含沙量迅速降低,起旋室前部和后部渠底水流含沙量分别为44.00 kg/m^(3)和0.07 kg/m^(3);排沙洞内的旋转水流对泥沙的挟带作用明显,在强离心作用下泥沙主要分布在排沙洞近壁面,最大泥沙含量约为200.00 kg/m^(3);在持续来沙条件下旋流排沙渠道对粒径为(0.075,3.000]mm泥沙的截沙率为95.98%,仅少量极细泥沙以悬移质形式进入下游渠道,渠道和排沙洞内无大量的泥沙淤积,表明旋流排沙渠道是一种可实现高效且连续排沙的水沙分离技术。本成果可为旋流排沙渠道在工程中的应用和水沙特性的研究提供有益参考。

基于XGBoost算法的人—虎共存区域风险等级划分

以2014—2019年珲春地区红外相机拍摄的东北虎数据为基础,基于XGBoost算法构建了虎出没区域风险等级划分模型。由模型检验可知:模型的准确率为93.51%,精确率为93.85%,召回率为93.08%,F1值为93.31%,Cohen s Kappa统计系数为90.2%。研究结果表明:基于XGBoost算法构建的人-虎共存区域风险等级划分模型分类效果好、预测准确度高,运用该模型对人-虎共存区域进行风险等级划分是可行的。

西湖凹陷平北地区断裂控藏作用研究

平湖构造带北部(简称平北地区)断裂复杂,复杂断裂不仅控制着圈闭的形成,而且对油气疏导和保存起着至关重要的作用。该文结合最新的地震和钻井资料,对平北地区断裂特征及控圈控藏作用进行梳理。结果表明,平北地区受控于早期鼻状隆起构造背景,断裂系统十分发育,形成自WS向NE散开的帚状断裂体系,主要发育断背斜、断鼻和断块等构造圈闭;同时北东走向的断裂与来自西部物源的条带状三角洲和潮汐作用的砂体相配合,形成一系列断裂-岩性复合圈闭。断裂对油气成藏的控制作用主要体现在两个方面,一方面是作为沟源断裂,起到疏导油气的作用;另一方面是作为圈闭边界,起到封堵油气的作用。该研究成果对研究区下步勘探部署可提供一定的技术支持。

模糊逻辑模型在珠勒地区遥感找矿中的应用

近年来遥感技术在地质矿产勘察中发挥着重要作用,基于多源遥感数据对蚀变矿物的提取在工作中大大缩减了靶区范围和时间成本。基于Landsat-9、ASTER和Sentinel-2遥感数据开展西藏珠勒地区的矿物蚀变信息的增强与提取。通过线性隶属函数将多源遥感数据主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)中的特征分量归一化后采用Fuzzy Gamma算子进行叠加绘制找矿靶区。实验中γ参数的设置分别是0.7、0.75、0.8、0.85和0.9,最终经过试验测定γ=0.85效果相对较好。实验共圈定了8个靶区,通过野外调查验证了该方法在高海拔地区靶区圈定的可行性。同时,野外调查结果显示该地区发育高硫型浅成低温热液蚀变矿物组合,具有斑岩-浅成低温热液矿床的成矿潜力。

复杂断裂精细成像技术在南海东部惠州21洼的应用

珠江口盆地惠州21洼地下构造及断裂极为复杂,以前的地震采集方式和处理技术相对落后,地震资料存在断层成像不清、断点不落实、断层下降盘成像模糊等问题,极大地影响了对圈闭形态、构造高点及构造圈闭幅度的准确判断,导致构造圈闭难以识别和落实。为此,提出针对断裂发育区地震信号的深入挖潜处理技术,通过开展精细的信号处理,充分挖掘常规拖缆采集地震数据潜力,获得能够有效改善复杂断裂区成像的中、低频信号及大入射角范围内的有效地震反射,提高了断裂发育区地震资料信噪比。利用高保真的地震信号,开展基于数据与地质模式相约束的高精度叠前深度偏移速度建模,针对复杂断裂区,较好地利用大炮检距地震信息和中、低频有效信号,采取优势信号驱动下的高精度网格层析速度建模,极大地提高了速度拾取精度。同时,利用地质模式对速度模型进行有效约束,将成像效果与速度模型的相关性相结合,确定最终的成像速度模型,改善了惠州21洼复杂断裂区的构造成像效果。该项技术在惠州21洼勘探研究中得到较好应用,极大地降低了断层不落实对构造圈闭评价带来的影响,提高了构造圈闭解释的准确性,有效推动了该区勘探进程。

断层阴影区地震优势信号提取新技术及其在西湖TT区的应用

在复杂断块地区,地震成像受断层的影响,断层下盘同相轴出现“上拉”、“下拉”或者同相轴错断的现象,极大地影响了断层圈闭构造高点的确定以及圈闭幅度的准确判断。开展针对复杂断层的高精度速度建模和高精度成像技术被认为是解决断层阴影区成像的主要处理技术解决方案。立足于地震采集信号自身的属性信息,充分挖掘地震信号的潜力,提出广角反射的折射线性去噪技术、中低频有效信号提取技术和优势信号精细速度建模技术,在西湖TT区目标评价中取得了良好的效果,明显减低了断层阴影对目标构造形态的影响,提高了构造圈闭定位的准确性。应用结果表明:通过准确的PSDM速度模型结合断层阴影区优势信号的提取,获得更聚焦的反射能量,断层阴影区弱振幅区得到消除,有效改善了断裂阴影区的成像效果。

基于病菌孢子捕捉和real-time PCR技术的田间空气中小麦白粉病菌孢子动态监测及病情估计模型研究

利用Burkard定容式孢子捕捉器结合real-time PCR定量技术,分别对种植高抗、中感和高感白粉病小麦品种的田间空气中白粉病菌分生孢子浓度进行监测,结果表明,real-time PCR定量与传统的显微观察计数两种方法测得的孢子浓度呈显著正相关(P≤0.01),且两种病菌孢子计数方法在同一抗性品种上监测到的孢子浓度动态相近。此外,两种方法测得的孢子浓度与各气象因子的相关性分析结果一致,空气中的白粉病菌孢子浓度主要与空气相对湿度显著正相关。在此基础上,利用两种方法测定的田间空气中白粉病菌孢子浓度分别建立了基于累积孢子浓度的田间病情估计模型。分析发现,基于两种孢子浓度测定方法建立的病情估计模型间无显著性差异,表明real-time PCR定量技术测定的孢子浓度在构建白粉病病情估计模型上具有一定可行性。该结果为real-time PCR定量技术与病菌孢子捕捉技术相结合用于小麦白粉病的监测和预测提供理论依据。

CH_4氢抽提反应的非绝热trapping型的动力学研究

对CH_4+H(?)CH_3+H_2的非绝热trapping型的动力学进行了研究.采用量子化学从头算方法在QCISD/6-311G水平上计算了该反应的内禀反应坐标(IRC)和IRC上各构型点的振动分析,利用各构型点的信息,计算得到了共线型模型反应和真实热反应沿反应坐标不同能量下的微正则反应通量.计算结果表明共线型反应具有非绝热trapping型的特征,而真实热反应则不是非绝热trapping型.采用统一统计理论计算了300K～1500K的共线型反应的速率常数,由微正则变分过渡态计算了热反应的速率常数,得到与实验一致的结果.

Exploration of Subtle Trap in Jiyang Depression

This article analyses the procedure of exploration of the Tertiary subtle trap in Jiyang depression and divides the Tertiary subtle trap into 3 types (lithologic reservoir, stratigraphic reservoir and fractured reservoir) and 8 groups, then summarizes the common feature and founding discipline of the subtle trap and finds 4 accumulating modes including steep slope mode, depression mode, center anticline mode and gentle slope mode. Its main exploration methods are explicated from the viewpoint of reservoir geological modeling, description of recognizing traps and comprehensive evaluation of reservoir and so on.

文昌凹陷神狐隆起北缘多次波压制方法研究

神狐隆起北缘地震资料多次波极为发育,造成速度拾取不准,地震成像精度低,导致低幅圈闭难落实。为解决该区多次波压制难的问题,本次研究根据不同于反射波的周期性、时差以及地质空间统计特征,开展炮集域、共偏移距域以及CMP道集上对多次波进行联合衰减;最终确定了采用SDM、SWD、广义3D SRME进行多次波建模,进而利用得到的多次波模型,进行多模型三维自适应匹配减方法进行多次波进行压制,最后结合高精度Radon多次波压制技术进行残余多次压制。通过以上技术的应用,有效压制了目标区多次波,为速度建模及叠前深度偏移成像提供了高品质基础资料,同时为该区低幅圈闭勘探提供了准确成像的地震资料,也为其他地区多次波压制提供了技术参考。

Precise Seismic Substructural Model of the Eocene Chorgali Limestone in the Turkwal Oil Field, Central Potwar, Pakistan

The precise seismic substructural interpretation of the Turkwal oil field in the Central Potwar region of district Chakwal of Pakistan has been carried out. The research work was confined to the large fore-thrust that serves as an anticlinal structural trap through ten 2 D seismic lines. A precise seismic substructural model of the Eocene Chorgali Limestone with precise orientation of thrust and oblique slip faults shows the presence of a huge fracture, which made this deposit a good reservoir. The abrupt surface changes in dip azimuth for the Eocene Chorgali Limestone verifies the structural trends and also the presence of structural traps in the Turkwal field. The logs of three wells(Turkwal deep X-2, Turkwal-01 and Fimkassar-01) were analyzed for petrophysical studies, well synthetic results and generation of an Amplitude Versus Offset(AVO) model for the area. The AVO model of Turkwal deep X-2 shows abrupt changes in amplitude, which depicts the presence of hydrocarbon content. Well correlation technique was used to define the overall stratigraphic setting and the thickness of the reservoir formation in two wells, Turkwal-01 and Turkwal deep X-2. The Eocene Chorgali Limestone in Turkwal-01 is an upward thrusted anticlinal structure and because of the close position of both wells to the faulted anticlinal structure, its lesser thickness differs compared to Turkwal deep X-2. The overall results confirm that the Turkwal field is comparable to several similar thrust-bound oil-bearing structures in the Potwar basin.

镓盐对大鼠维甲酸致骨质疏松血清ALP和TRAP的影响

为观察镓盐对维甲酸致大鼠骨质疏松动物模型血中碱性磷酸酶 (AL P)和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶 (TRAP)水平及其变化趋势 ,选用 3月龄 SD雌性大鼠 45只 ,随机分为两组 :正常组 (13只 )和骨质疏松组 (32只 ) ,骨质疏松组按 85 mg/ kg· d维甲酸灌胃 15天 ,然后进入治疗阶段。实验分为四组 :正常组 (6只 ) ,骨质疏松组 (6只 ) ,正常喂养 ;氯化镓治疗组 (9只 ) ,2 5 mg/ kg·d氯化镓灌胃 ;雌激素治疗组 (6只 ) ,雌激素 0 .2 μg/ kg,3次 /周 ,腹腔注射 ,治疗两个月。结果显示模型期骨质疏松组 AL P和 TRAP显著升高 ,镓盐治疗后 AL P和 TRAP降低 ,与正常组接近 ,提示镓盐能抑制破骨细胞活性 ,降低骨转化率。