Electrophysiological responses of the rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis to volatiles of the trap plant vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.)

Vetiver grass （Vetiveria zizanioides L.） was previously found to effectively attract female adults of Chilo suppressalis （Walker）, an important pest of rice. To determine the volatile compounds involved in this attraction, electroantennography （EAG） responses to seven synthetic volatiles released from vetiver plants were examined. Our results indicated that the responses of C. suppressalis adult antennae to the different compounds varied widely. The compounds elicited strong EAG responses in female antennae were subsequently selected for further EAG response tests, namely, caryophyllene, β-ocimene, linalool and a-pinene. EAG responses to a combination of these four compounds did not differ significantly from the individual compounds. However, pair combination tests indicated that 0.01μg μL-1linalool and 50 μg μL-1 α-pinene, 50 μgμL-1 caryophyllene and 0.01μg μL-1 linalool, 0.01 μg μL-1 13-ocimene and 0.01 μg μL-1 linalool, and 0.01μg μL-1 β-ocimene and 50 μg μL-1 caryophyllene elicited significantly greater EAG responses in 3-day female moths compared to the 1-day female. These compound combinations and the corresponding ratios are probably playing an important role in attracting female adults of C. suppressalis to the vetiver grass.

Laboratory core flooding experimental systems for CO_2 geosequestration: An updated review over the past decade

Carbon dioxide(CO2) geosequestration in deep saline aquifers has been currently deemed as a preferable and practicable mitigation means for reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gases(GHGs) emissions to the atmosphere, as deep saline aquifers can offer the greatest potential from a capacity point of view. Hence,research on core-scale CO2/brine multiphase migration processes is of great significance for precisely estimating storage efficiency, ensuring storage security, and predicting the long-term effects of the sequestered CO2in subsurface saline aquifers. This review article initially presents a brief description of the essential aspects of CO2subsurface transport and geological trapping mechanisms, and then outlines the state-of-the-art laboratory core flooding experimental apparatus that has been adopted for simulating CO2injection and migration processes in the literature over the past decade. Finally, a summary of the characteristics, components and applications of publicly reported core flooding equipment as well as major research gaps and areas in need of further study are given in relevance to laboratory-scale core flooding experiments in CO2geosequestration under reservoir conditions.

Peristaltic flow of couple stress fluid through uniform porous medium

Investigation concerning peristaltic motion of couple stress fluid is made. An incompressible couple stress fluid occupies the porous medium. Mathematical anal- ysis is presented through large wavelength and low Reynolds number. Exact analytical expressions of axial velocity, volume flow rate, pressure gradient, and stream function are calculated as a function of couple stress parameter. The essential feature of the analysis is a full description of influence of couple stress parameter and permeability parameter on the pressure, frictional force, mechanical efficiency, and trapping.

Breathing "Trap" Mechanism for C_(60) Nanocage

A new trap mechanism has been proposed to generate H@C 60 . Buckyball excited by shaped laser pulse could have large Raman-active vibration mode A g （1）, which enlarges and shrinks buckyball alternately, and raises and decreases the energy barrier repeatedly, forming a trap to capture the incoming H atom. In this trap mechanism, the A g （1） vibration mode is excited before the encapsulation process of H atom. Simulations of semiclassical electron-radiation-ion dynamics showed that the kinetic energy threshold for H atom in this mechanism was lowered from 17.51 eV to 10.51 eV, and successful encapsulation happened in the range from 10.51 eV to 15.55 eV.