Discussion on the Problems and Developing Trend of Construction of Sewage Treatment Plants in Small Towns

Existing problems of sewage treatment plants in small towns were summarized firstly,and then the developing trend of construction of sewage treatment plants in small towns was discussed from the aspects of project decision,site selection,design,processing technology and construction financing models. Finally,outlooks for its future development were proposed to provide reference for the construction of sewage treatment plants in small towns in future.

Controversies in the treatment of common anal problems

Treating common benign anal diseases has evolved towards more outpatient procedures with better outcome. However, minimizing post-procedure morbidities such as pain and the avoidance incontinence remain the most significant concerns. We introduce some controversies and highlight the developments in current surgical practice for the treatment of common anal problems.

Problem and Countermeasure of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment

With the development of rural economy, pollutions of rural sewage are in- creasingly serious. This paper introduces the characteristics of rural domestic sewage and the rural sewage treatment situation, and according to the problems of funds, management, process selection, policy and weak awareness of environmental protection in the rural domestic sewage treatment, puts forward relevant countermea- sures to ensure long-term operation of sewage treatment system, and achieve the purpose of improving rural water environment and protect the ecological environment in rural areas.

Perfectionism and mental health problems:Limitations and directions for future research

Research has indicated that perfectionism is prevalent among adolescents and may be harmful in terms of its association with mental health problems.This letter aims to create a paradigm for future studies of the perfectionism.Specifically,we suggest gaps and implications that must be considered at perfectionism future research in terms of assessments,interventions,settings,potential treatments,gender,and social media.

Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of New Rural Cooperative Medical System

Our country rural area has carried out broad practice on new model system of rural cooperative medical services, and the rural new medical treatment system has developed quickly. However, there are still many problems which needs us to solve. This article will analysis its present situation, problems and reasons, then give some suggestions to solve these problems. The new rural cooperative medical system has made great achievements since its implementation, which is a radical reform of the traditional medical systen. Lcd by thc govcmmcnt, trying to solve the majority of the Chinese population of the peasant groups to see the doctor difficult and expensive medical problems, and effectively protect the vital interests of farmers, so that people=oriented, establish and improve the rural medical service system. This paper analyzes the status quo of the new rural cooperative medical system, puts forward the problems, finds the reasons, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures on the basis of this.

Pilot Study of Problem Gambling in Specialized Substance Use Disorder Treatment—High Lifetime Prevalence of Problem Gambling in Opioid Maintenance Treatment Patients

Problem gambling is over-represented in patients treated for substance use disorders, but substance-specific prevalence of problem gambling is rarely reported. In specialized addiction treatment facilities for opioid maintenance treatment and for alcohol and prescription drug dependence, respectively, 129 patients were screened for problem gambling using the NODS-CLiP. The lifetime prevalence of problem gambling was markedly higher in opioid maintenance treatment (61 percent) than in alcohol and prescription drug dependence treatment (11 percent, p < 0.001). When controlling for gender and age, problem gambling remained significantly associated with opioid maintenance treatment. The present study demonstrated a very high prevalence of lifetime problem gambling in opioid maintenance treatment patients. This calls for active screening for problem gambling in substance use disorder patients, and mainly in treatment for opioid dependence.

Analysis on the Reform Path of the Hierarchical Treatment System for Juvenile Delinquents in China

Although it has stipulated a treatment system for juvenile delinquents in the existing law of China,the related provisions are scattered throughout different legal norms and need to be integrated and perfected.The existing treatment of juvenile delinquents,including administrative treatment and judicial treatment,mainly faces the following problems:(a)The treatment measures are too rough and simple to effectively combine punishment with leniency effectively;(b)The hierarchical treatment measures are not perfect enough procedurally;(c)The non-criminal treatment measures do not produce the desired effect.Based on a good understanding of the basic connotations of the hierarchical treatment system for juvenile delinquents,it is necessary to take the following steps:(a)Treat the juvenile delinquents in appropriate ways according to the subject,specific content,and severity of juvenile delinquencies;(b)Take highly-targeted and flexible treatment measures at different stages of criminal proceedings,namely,take criminal coercive measures against juvenile delinquents in a prudent manner and impose criminal punishments against them in a relatively lenient manner,to better help them return to society.

A Review of Chemical Industry Wastewater Treatment

With the development of China＇ s industry, the domestic industrial parks greatly emerge and thus give rise to the diversity of pollutants in chemical wastewater. In this paper, the main sources of China＇ s chemical industry wastewater, main pollutants types and the wastewater characteristics of the chemical industry＇ s different branches are introduced, the related technologies and methods mainly applied to chemical industry wastewater treatment at home and abroad are analyzed and the application of different chemical wastewater treatment process is explained, and also all sorts of treatment technologies, methods, and processes are reviewed, and finally the study achievements and problems of all technol^ogies are concluded.

CBL联合PBL教学法在心脏病介入诊治医师培训中的应用价值

目的探讨案例教学法(CBL)联合以问题为基础的教学法(PBL)在心脏病介入诊治医师培训中的应用价值。方法选取2020年3月至2022年3月西安交通大学第一附属医院介入培训基地的60名进修学员,按照教学方法不同将其分为LBL组和CBL+PBL组,各30名。LBL组采用传统的教学模式,CBL+PBL组采用CBL联合PBL的教学模式。比较两组的教学方法认同率、理论考核成绩、介入操作考核成绩。结果CBL+PBL组对于提高学习兴趣、培养临床思维能力、促进介入操作应用和记忆、提高分析和解决问题的能力、培养团队精神的认同率均显著高于LBL组(P<0.05)。CBL+PBL组的基础知识、问诊与查体、辅助检查分析能力、病例分析能力评分及总分均高于LBL组(P<0.05)。CBL+PBL组的血管穿刺及压迫、DSA机器操作、介入诊疗操作、术后观察及并发症处理评分及总分均高于LBL组(P<0.01)。结论CBL+PBL教学法在心脏病介入培训中能更好地调动学员的主观能动性,进而达到显著的教学效果。

黄土筑坝填方工程地质问题及处理措施分析

针对黄土地区的填方工程地质问题,以陕西铜川老虎沟填方工程为依托,通过地质调查与测绘、地质勘探、原位测试及室内试验等勘察手段,对工程存在的工程地质问题进行了分析研究。结果表明:老虎沟填方工程存在不良地质作用、不稳定高边坡、地下水疏排及填方地基变形等工程地质问题,应对挖方区高边坡进行1∶0.5~1∶0.75的放坡,反压坡脚,并预留平台及马道;对填方区土料进行强夯、碾压,消除其湿陷性,建议设计最大干密度值为1.73 g/cm^(3),最优含水率值为17.3%,压实系数为0.95~0.97;挡土坝坝基建议挖除不良土层,挡土坝坝坡采取加筋土筑坡,坡度宜为45°,坡面需做好防冲刷防护措施;排水沟底宜选用粘性较小的黄土回填,地表采用粘性较大的红粘土回填,并在地表设置完善的排水系统;工后应结合土水监测方案,实时监测填方区内土水变化。该研究成果可为黄土地区类似填方工程建设提供参考。

东北虎豹国家公园勘界问题处理及讨论

本文简介了东北虎豹国家公园的概况、勘界总体要求、技术路线及结果,根据2022年该公园勘界工作中遇到的问题,结合处理方法,进行了讨论。

PBL联合MDT教学模式在结直肠外科轮转住培医师教学中的应用

以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)和多学科会诊(multi-disciplinary treatment,MDT)是现代医学教育中常用的教学方法。PBL教学法是一种以问题为导向的教学方法,是通过学生自主学习和合作学习的方式,培养其问题解决能力和学习能力,激发学习兴趣。MDT是一种多学科协作的临床决策模式,通过不同学科的专家共同参与,提供全面的病情评估并制定相应的治疗方案,以提高患者的诊疗效果和生存质量。文章旨在探讨PBL联合MDT教学模式在结直肠外科轮转住培医师教学中的应用,并提供一种有效的教学模式,以期进一步提高住培医师的专业水平和团队合作能力,为日后的临床实践奠定良好的基础。

废弃电器电子产品回收与处理体系研究及建议

随着全球电器电子产品的快速更新和迭代,电器电子产品呈现出生命周期缩短的新趋势。废弃电器电子产品(WEEE)对全球生态环境构成巨大威胁,解决这一问题势在必行,各国政府纷纷制定了相应的法律法规来应对这一挑战。首先,对世界各地区主要国家的法规建设情况进行了系统梳理;然后,对我国当前WEEE行业的发展现状进行分析并提出了发展中存在的问题;最后,从加快生产者责任延伸制度深化推广、提升正规回收企业的市场竞争力和加强WEEE相关技术能力3个方面提出了发展意见,以期为我国WEEE行业的发展提供一定的指导。

MDT结合PBL教学法培养胃肠外科住培研究生综合临床能力的探讨

目的 探讨多学科诊疗(multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment,MDT)结合以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)在胃肠外科住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)研究生综合临床能力培养中的应用效果。方法 选取2019年1月—2021年8月于广州医科大学附属第二医院轮科3个月以上的60名第2年及以上外科临床专业住院住培硕士研究生作为研究对象,轮转入胃肠外科后采用随机数字表法分为A组、B组、C组,每组20名。A组采用PBL法,B组采用MDT模式教学,C组采用MDT结合PBL模式法。比较3组的对MDT了解得分、多学科临床思维得分、主动学习能力得分、出入科成绩得分。结果 3组的对MDT了解得分、多学科临床思维得分、出科测试得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);3组的主动学习能力得分、入科测试得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);B组、C组的对MDT了解得分[(3.85±0.67)分、(4.30±0.57)分]、多学科临床思维得分[(82.30±3.85)分、(85.55±3.38)分]均高于A组[(3.05±0.83)分、(77.90±5.86)分],C组的出科测试得分[(86.10±3.28)分]高于A组[(81.90±4.42)分],差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);C组对MDT了解得分[(4.30±0.57)分]、主动学习能力得分[(4.00±0.73)分]、多学科临床思维得分[(85.55±3.38)分]高于B组[(3.85±0.67)分、(3.45±0.51)分、(82.30±3.85)分],差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);A组与B组的主动学习能力得分、入科测试得分、出科测试得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);A组与C组的主动学习能力得分、入科测试得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);B组与C组的入科测试得分、出科测试得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 MDT结合PBL教学模式具有良好的互补作用,将两者结合起来形成一种新的教学模式,能够为培养胃肠外科住培研究生提供一种更好的教学模式。

基于数据驱动中医证治规律研究的核心问题及解决策略

辨证论治是中医核心诊疗思维,是决定临床疗效的关键。如今,基于临床数据研究是探索中医证治规律的主要方法,但未真正而全面地剖析出“病-证-方-药-效”关键因素的内在关系,导致研究结果的临床价值较低。因此,笔者系统梳理了电子病历与临床研究匹配性差、数据治理影响数据准确性、数据分析方法难以发掘中医证治规律等核心问题,并在数据驱动的背景下,建立中医临床科研大数据平台、开发以人工智能为核心的数据治理与分析技术,从而实现临床科研一体化,为中医证治规律研究提供新思路与方法,推动中医药的发展。

PBL联合MDT教学在肝胆胰外科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

肝胆胰外科医师是专业性较强,并对综合素质要求较高的群体在规范化培训阶段采用系统的理论教学和规范的实践操作才能保证教学的质量。以问题为基础的教学法(problem based learning,PBL)是基于学生为主体,以问题为导向,让学生以合作的形式共同解决学习过程中发现的问题,实现将抽象的理论知识贯穿于临床实践中的一种教学方式,已在多个学科领域取得了显著的应用效果。与传统教学方法相比,PBL更适合复杂学科疾病的教学,同时鼓励学生制作PPT参加多学科讨论(multidisciplinary treatment,MDT),有助于调动学生的积极性,锻炼缜密的临床诊疗思维,并提高临床操作实践技能。文章探讨了针对肝胆胰外科医师规范化培训过程中将PBL与MDT相结合的应用效果,以期为后续临床教学提供经验指导。

颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备方法及其热处理研究

概述了原位自生法和固液复合外加法两种制备纳米颗粒增强铝基复合材料的常用方法及几种辅助制备技术,主要介绍了单相及双相混杂增强铝基纳米复合材料制备技术进展,包括SiC_(p)/Al、TiB_(2)/Al、SiC_(p)+Mg_(2)Si/Al及TiB_(2)+Mg_(2)Si/Al等复合材料。同时阐述了颗粒与Al基体界面问题、纳米颗粒对铝基复合材料固溶与时效行为的影响规律。提出了今后纳米颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究方向。

CBL+PBL双轨教学在中医院校内科教学中的应用研究

目的探究案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)+以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)双轨教学对中医本科学生在内科学课程中临床应用能力和诊疗思维能力提升的效果。方法2020年9月—2021年7月,选取2018级中医学本科的两个班级,共计82名学生,并随机分配为研究组42名和对照组40名。研究组采用CBL+PBL双轨教学,对照组采用常规的基于讲授的教学方法(lecture-based learning,LBL)。2组学生选择相同的教材、教学内容、任课教师,在学期结束后以理论考试与调查问卷的方式进行教学评价。结果研究组提升学习效果、培养临床思维、提高学习兴趣、培养学生自主学习、培养创新及发散性思维、培养分析及解决问题的能力、文献查阅能力、团队协作的能力、教学模式有趣、对教学方式满意等评价均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组基础知识掌握方面、交流表达能力的提高、教学目标明确比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组理论知识得分、临床病例得分、总分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CBL+PBL双轨教学适用于中医学本科生内科学教学,能够有效提高学生对知识的掌握能力,提升学生解决问题、临床思维以及自主学习的能力。

探讨PBL联合CBL教学法在急诊住院医师规范化培训教学中的应用效果

目的探讨问题教学法(Problem-based Learning,PBL)联合案例教学法(Case-based Learning,CBL)在急诊住院医师规范化培训教学中的应用效果。方法选取2021年6月—2023年7月潍坊医学院附属医院急诊科规培的62名规培生为研究对象,根据教学方法不同分为对照组和观察组,各31名。对照组实施传统教学法,观察组行PBL与CBL联合法,对比两组教学效果。结果观察组基础理论、病例辨析、临床技能及急救操作成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);观察组查体技能、人文素质/专业精神、医学面谈技能、临床判断、条理性/效率、沟通技巧及临床综合能力评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);观察组理论知识掌握、学习兴趣、分析解决问题力、自主学习能力、沟通交流能力、临床思维能力、团队合作精神评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论在急诊住院医师规范化培训中,PBL结合CBL教学法,能提高学生成绩,培养综合素质,促进临床思维和应对能力的提升。

环境工程中工业污水治理的主要问题及应对策略

水资源在维护自然生态环境和推动人类经济的持续发展起着关键作用。当前,我国的水资源存在地域分配不均、供需矛盾突出的问题。随着城市化、工业化进程的加快,我国对水资源的需求量持续增加,生活污水、工业污水处理量不断增加,污水排放标准不断提高,对环境工程中污水治理提出了更高要求。为避免水环境质量遭受破坏,需要对工业污水治理工作给予极大的重视,深入探讨现行环境工程中工业污水存在的主要问题,找到合适的应对策略。