The Pathogenesis and Treatment Progress of Androgenic Alopecia

Androgenic alopecia, also known as seborrheic alopecia, is the most common hair loss disorder in dermatology clinics, mainly characterized by hair follicle miniaturization and progressive hair loss. The etiology and pathogenesis of androgenic alopecia are not clear, but may be related to heredity and androgen metabolism. Currently, minoxidil and finasteride are the only two drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for AGA treatment, other treatments include oral minoxidil, hair transplantation, low energy laser therapy (LLLT), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Chinese medicine microneedles, and combination therapy. With the development of medicine and science, we have ushered in the era of biologics and targeted therapy. In recent years, a variety of signaling pathways for androgenic alopecia have been found, which may provide a basis for targeted therapy for androgenic alopecia.

Research Progress on the Application of Magnesium Hydroxide in the Industrial Wastewater Treatment Filed

The research progress on the application of magnesium compounds (magnesium hydroxide,light calcined magnesia,magnesium chloride,sea water,brine,dry brine,etc.) which were represented by magnesium hydroxide in the wastewater treatment filed was comprehensively commentated.Meanwhile,the prospects of application were discussed.Considering the magnesium resources in China were characterized with rich classes,abundant reserves,vast distribution and high quality,it's important to make great efforts to research and exploit magnesium products,especially the exploitation of their meticulous use way.It had the practical significance for the sustainable development of economy in China.

The progress and related pharmacological mechanism of hyperlipidemia treatment

Hyperlipidemia(HLP)is a long-known risk factor for a series of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,such as atherosclerosis,coronary heart disease,hypertension and so on.With its increasing incidence,the prevention and treatment of HLP has also become an important research topic around the world.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used to treat HLP for a long time with its better therapeutic efficacy,less side effects and wider indications compared with western medicine.In this review,we summarized the pathogenesis of HLP,the research situation of disease-related targets,and the treatment progress of TCM by conducting literature research and sorting out relevant information,in order to provide reference for further research of HLP and prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Progress in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)is a special and common clinical heart failure with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.It has attracted much attention at home and abroad in recent years because of its high heterogeneity and complex pathogenesis.Compared with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF),HFpEF has complex clinical manifestations,many complications,limited clinical treatment,and poor prognosis.In recent years,the research on the pathogenesis and treatment of HFpEF has made certain progress,but there are no specific guidelines for clinical practice.By combing the latest research at home and abroad,the pathogenesis and treatment of HFpEF are systematically reviewed in order to provide a relevant basis for reference its clinical treatment.

Progress in the treatment of pulmonary metastases after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world, and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Liver transplantation(LT) has become a curative treatment for patients with HCC. However, recurrence and metastasis after LT are the main factors reducing long-term survival in patients, and the lung is the most common site of metastasis after LT for HCC, although metastasis to liver, para-aortic lymph nodes and renal periphery are observed. Thus, the treatment of pulmonary metastases after LT for HCC has become a hot research topic, the successful treatment of pulmonary metastases can significantly prolong the survival of LT patients. Although single conventional treatment(chemotherapy, surgery and external beam radiation therapy), immunosuppression, image-guided minimally invasive therapy(radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, cryoablation, and brachytherapy) and molecular targeted drugs have had a significant effect, patients do not have durable remission and the long-term survival rate is disappointing. Therefore, improving existing treatments and identifying a more effective combination therapy are important research issues in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary metastases after LT for HCC. The paper reviewed single conventional treatments, new treatments, and combination therapy, to provide a basis for the best treatment of these patients.

Progress in Traditional Chinese and Weste rn Medicine Treatments and Nursing Care of Knee Osteoarthritis

This paper reviews the causes of knee osteoarthritis, traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapies and nursing research progress and indicates that traditional Chinese and Western medicine have gradually recognized the cause of knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis has been treated with various treatments and nursing care planning, and the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has constantly been improved. Nurses should instruct the discharged patient to correctly treat their disease, adopt the health education, and, via the establishment of a healthy lifestyle, insist on a functional exercise to relieve the pain, delay disease progression, and improve quality of life.

Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Cancer-related fatigue,which is a common symptom among colorectal cancer patients,has a high incidence and it affects the quality of life of these patients.Western medicine still lacks effective treatment means.However,with various methods of intervention and treatment,Chinese medicine has made certain progress in this area,where辻has good curative effect in improving fatigue and the quality of life of patients.This article briefly summarizes the main TCM treatment methods for cancer-related fatigue in patients with colorectal cancer in order to provide reference and suggestions for clinical practice.

Innovation Requirements and Progress of Dialysis Water Treatment System

With the development of medicine,people are becoming more and more aware of the quality of medical water supply,such as dial ysis water,dental water,preparation water,operating room water,supply room water.Therefore,People are constantly improving the water treatment system and its standardized,and the demand for dialysis water is also becoming more and more strict.Hemodialysis is an effective means of maintaining the life of renal failure patients,120~180L water will be used for a conventional dialysis treatment,and high flux dialysis will consume more.

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of small cell lung cancer with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine

Lung cancer is one of the most common major diseases that seriously threaten human health,lung cancer includes small cell lung cancer(SCLC)and non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Although patients with SCLC account for about 20%of the total number of patients with lung cancer,the mortality rate is much higher than that of patients with NSCLC.Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has obvious advantages in the treatment of patients with SCLC.According to the relevant literature reports on the treatment of SCLC in recent years,this article will summarize the research progress of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatmentof SCLC from the aspects of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)combined with surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and molecular targeted therapy.

Advances in the Treatment of Bromhidrosis

Armpit odor is a common disease with genetic tendency in cosmetic surgery. The odor emitted by it often affects the quality of life and social communication of patients, leading to psychological disorders in patients and seriously jeopardizing their mental health. With the continuous development and progress of medicine, there are many ways to treat armpit odor at present, but there is still no perfect way to treat armpit odor. This article reviews the progress of treatment methods in recent years.

Advances in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

The pathogenesis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment depends on three factors, namely, retinal rupture, vitreous liquefaction and traction causing the retina to separate from the pigment epithelium, among which retinal rupture is the most important. Retinopathy is caused by a gap between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium, which severely damages the visual function of the patient. Therefore, early clinical discovery, prevention and selection of an appropriate treatment are important. This article reviews progress in the treatment of retinal detachment.

胃癌外科治疗的新进展及发展趋势

胃癌严重威胁人类健康,尽管近年来化疗、靶向治疗和免疫治疗等新型药物研发不断取得突破,但根治性手术始终是胃癌诊疗的核心。随着标准胃癌根治手术的成型,以腹腔镜技术为代表的微创外科治疗技术的进步,进展期胃癌围手术期综合治疗模式的确定,以及胃癌精准外科理念的形成和初步实践,胃癌手术治疗取得了巨大进步。个体化和精准化胃癌外科治疗理念深入人心。安全、有效、精准、微创始终是胃癌外科医师需牢牢把握的学科发展的内在规律。为帮助年轻医师更好的成长,本文总结胃癌诊疗的最新进展,并对未来的发展趋势进行展望。

脓毒症发病机制及中西医治疗研究进展

脓毒症是一种危重病,由感染引起全身炎症反应综合征导致多器官功能障碍。目前认为,脓毒症的中西医发病机制异常复杂。中西医结合治疗脓毒症的方法也逐渐得到了研究与应用,属治疗脓毒症重要的发展方向之一。鉴于此,本文旨在对脓毒症发病机制及中西医治疗研究进展做一综述。

Process Optimization of Effective Partition Constant in Progressive Freeze Concentration of Wastewater

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process parameters for effective partition constant (K) in progressive freeze concentration (PFC) of wastewater. The effects of coolant temperature, circulation flowrate, initial solution concentration and circulation time on the effective partition constant were observed. Results show that the data were adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model. The linear and quadratic of independent variables, coolant temperature, circulation flowrate, initial solution concentration and circulation time as well as their interactions have significant effects on the effective partition constant. It was predicted that the optimum process parameters within the experimental ranges for the best K would be with coolant temperature of -8.8℃, circulation flowrate of 1051.1 ml/min, initial solution concentration of 6.59 mg/ml and circulation time of 13.9 minutes. Under these conditions, the effective partition constant is predicted to be 0.17.

原发性干燥综合征合并血细胞减少中医诊治研究进展

原发性干燥综合征(pSS)是一种慢性炎症性自身免疫病,除累及外分泌腺之外,还可累及多器官、系统,其中以血液系统受累最为常见,多表现为一系或多系血细胞减少。目前对于pSS合并血细胞减少缺乏统一公认的治疗方案,西医治疗多以糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂为主,而中医药治疗本病具有较好疗效。通过总结pSS合并血细胞减少的中医诊治经验,并对相关研究进行综述后发现,现代医家认为pSS核心病机为气阴亏虚,久之则产生热、毒、瘀等多种病理产物,相互影响,导致全身气血津液失常,引起血细胞减少。本病病位多责之于肝、脾、肾,治以滋阴、益气、养血之法,辅以清热解毒、化瘀通络之法,并根据其合并血细胞减少类型的不同以及是否使用糖皮质激素用药各有侧重。中医药治疗本病较西药治疗能够更好地改善血细胞水平且不良事件发生率更低,具有一定优势。

中医治疗不寐的研究进展

不寐在临床上较常见,且具有很高的发病率,极大地降低了患者的生活质量。该文对近些年来传统医学治疗不寐的相关文献进行综述,旨在证明传统医学治疗不寐具有效果确切、不良反应小、群众接受度高、无依赖性的特点,可有效提高睡眠质量。本文从不寐的病因病机、中药治疗、针灸治疗、推拿治疗、穴位贴敷治疗、耳穴压豆治疗及其他方法治疗等几个方面进行论述,以期为不寐的临床研究提供参考。

Treatment Free Intervals after Subsequent Chemotherapy Lines in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer

Aim: Despite recent advances in the treatment of ovarian cancer, recurrence of the disease is still frequent. This study evaluated whether multiple lines of chemotherapy have impact on overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) or on treatment free intervals (TFIs) after serial chemotherapy lines in recurrent settings. Methods: A total of 189 patients with ovarian cancer (including fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancer), who were treated in Kuopio University Hospital in Finland during 2009-2014, were enrolled. The medical files of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Median OS and PFS were significantly higher at the time of the first relapse compared to subsequent relapses (p < 0.001). TFIs shortened significantly after the first relapse (p < 0.001). The differences in TFIs were also seen when comparing platinum sensitive, semi-sensitive and platinum resistant patients. The total amount of TFI times during the whole follow-up time was significantly reduced in those patients that received at least one form of aggressive care at the end of life (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Ovarian cancer patients received often multiple lines of chemotherapy. TFIs after subsequent chemotherapy lines decreased during the disease course. More efforts should be taken to avoid unnecessary and ineffective treatments especially in recurrent phase of the disease.

症状性前循环颅内动脉重度狭窄患者急性期血管内治疗效果分析

目的观察对症状性前循环颅内动脉重度狭窄患者急性期实施血管内治疗的可行性。方法回顾性纳入2019年6月至2023年6月广东省中医院脑血管病科连续收治的30例症状性前循环颅内动脉重度狭窄患者的临床资料,应用危险分层评分对其进行评估,并探讨实施急性期(≤72.0 h)血管内治疗的安全性及有效性。血管内治疗包括球囊扩张+自膨式支架置入、球囊扩张式支架置入、球囊扩张治疗。危险分层评分为本研究根据临床经验,在短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)ABCD3-I评分基础上增加对分水岭梗死的评分内容,用于症状性颅内动脉中重度狭窄急性期卒中进展或复发风险的筛选,其中危险分层评分0~3分定义为低危,4~7分定义为中危,8~13分定义为高危。以术后残留狭窄率≤50%且血流拓展脑梗死溶栓(eTICI)分级>2c级判定为血运重建成功。记录接受血管内治疗患者的人口学信息及临床资料,包括年龄、性别、脑血管病危险因素(高血压病、糖尿病、高脂血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症、饮酒史、吸烟史)、起病资料(发病至血管内治疗时间、症状、进展情况)、病变血管、危险分层评分、术前及术后90 d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、术后90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、术中脑血管事件(颅内出血、责任血管闭塞)及术后90 d内脑血管事件(颅内出血、脑梗死、TIA、支架内再狭窄)、死亡事件。结果30例症状性前循环颅内动脉重度狭窄患者中,排除发病至血管内治疗的时间>72.0 h患者3例、因其他疾病需长期服用抗凝药物1例、失访1例、并存其他心源性脑栓塞疾病3例、非动脉粥样硬化导致动脉狭窄4例、拒绝急性期血管内治疗7例,最终纳入符合纳入与排除标准患者11例。(1)11例患者均成功实施血管内治疗,其中男7例;年龄52~76岁,中位数年龄64岁;高血压病9例,糖尿病3例,高脂血症7例,高同型半胱氨酸血症2例(仅9例完善了该项检查),吸烟史2例,饮酒史1例;发病至血管内治疗4.0~72.0 h,中位数时间12.0 h;左、右侧大脑半球梗死分别为3、8例,伴前后分水岭、内分水岭、前内后分水岭梗死分别为4、3、2例,伴内后、前内分水岭梗死各1例。(2)11例患者中,危险分层评分10~13分,中位数评分11分;术前NIHSS评分0~11分,中位数评分7分。(3)11例患者中,10例病变血管位于大脑中动脉,1例位于颈内动脉C7段;术前狭窄率70%~99%,中位数狭窄率86%;术前eTICI分级2a级7例,2b50级4例(存在远端血流缓慢);9例接受球囊扩张+自膨式支架置入,1例接受球囊扩张式支架置入,1例行球囊扩张治疗;术后狭窄率10%~20%,中位数狭窄率15%;术后eTICI分级2c级3例,3级8例。(4)11例患者中,术后第1天发生颅内出血1例,术后第3天新发脑梗死1例。完成术后90 d影像学随访患者8例,其中支架内再狭窄2例;术后90 d NIHSS评分0~20分,中位数评分2分;术后90 d mRS评分0~4分,中位数评分1分。mRS评分≤2分患者8例,未发生死亡事件。结论初步分析表明,症状性前循环颅内动脉重度狭窄实施急性期血管内治具有一定的有效性,但安全性有待继续观察。危险分层评分对高危患者的筛选仍需大样本、多中心研究进一步探讨。

复方红豆杉胶囊维持治疗气虚痰瘀证晚期非小细胞肺癌的多中心、大样本、前瞻性队列研究

目的:探讨复方红豆杉胶囊维持治疗气虚痰瘀证晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的临床疗效和安全性。方法:采用多中心、大样本、前瞻性队列研究方法,纳入一线化疗4~6周期后疗效评价疾病稳定以上进入维持治疗阶段患者,根据患者意愿分为治疗组160例,对照组109例。对照组根据鳞癌和非鳞癌分别给予吉西他滨和培美曲塞单药化疗维持治疗,治疗组给予复方红豆杉胶囊维持治疗。均以21天为1个疗程,两组干预至少2个疗程,每周期进行生活质量评价,每2疗程进行影像学疗效评价。比较两组疾病无进展生存时间(progression-free survival time,PFS)、生活质量,同时进行药物安全性评价。结果:269例入组患者中,246例患者出现PFS终点事件(91.45%),其中治疗组145例,中位PFS为106天,对照组101例,中位PFS为120天,两组PFS比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。采用美国肺癌生存质量量表(FACT-L4.0版)和欧洲五维健康量表中视觉模拟量表(EQ-5D-VAS)对两组患者生活质量评分进行比较,两种生活质量评价量表均提示治疗组较对照组在提高生活质量方面存在优势(P<0.05)。治疗期间两组共有19例患者出现ADR,治疗组7例(占治疗组人数4.38%),对照组12例(占对照组人数11.01%),ADR发生率在治疗组中更低,尤其表现在骨髓抑制不良反应的发生率方面。结论:在延长PFS方面,复方红豆杉胶囊维持治疗气虚痰瘀证晚期NSCLC的疗效非劣于现代医学单药维持化疗,且在高生活质量、低不良反应方面,复方红豆杉胶囊更具有一定优势。

单孔腹腔镜胃癌根治术的治疗进展与争议

胃癌是一种常见的发病率和死亡率均较高的消化道恶性肿瘤。随着人类居住环境越来越恶劣,胃癌的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,由于我国人口老龄化的加剧,我国该病发病率长期居高不下,对人们的生命安全造成严重的威胁。胃癌的发病机制目前尚未完全清楚,可能与遗传因素、地域因素、长期食用腌渍、过烫食品有关。随着腔镜技术的发展,以及医师操作水平的提高,单孔腹腔镜手术(SILS)逐渐应用于临床,SILS胃癌根治术具有创伤小、恢复快等优势,深受外科医师和广大患者的喜欢。但是目前SILS胃癌根治术仍存在着难点、争议和困惑,而且国内、外报道文献较少,基于此,本文综合有关的文献、国内外的研究与临床实践经验,分别从SILS胃癌根治术的发展现状、评估、关键问题、对生活质量的影响、思考与争议等进行综述,以期为临床开展SILS胃癌根治术提供参考。