Improved Pattern Tree for Incremental Frequent-Pattern Mining

By analyzing the existing prefix-tree data structure, an improved pattern tree was introduced for processing new transactions. It firstly stored transactions in a lexicographic order tree and then restructured the tree by sorting each path in a frequency-descending order. While updating the improved pattern tree, there was no need to rescan the entire new database or reconstruct a new tree for incremental updating. A test was performed on synthetic dataset T1014D100K with 100 000 transactions and 870 items. Experimental results show that the smaller the minimum sup- port threshold, the faster the improved pattern tree achieves over CanTree for all datasets. As the minimum support threshold increased from 2% to 3.5%, the runtime decreased from 452.71 s to 186.26 s. Meanwhile, the runtime re- quired by CanTree decreased from 1 367.03 s to 432.19 s. When the database was updated, the execution time of im- proved pattern tree consisted of construction of original improved pattern trees and reconstruction of initial tree. The experiment results showed that the runtime was saved by about 15% compared with that of CanTree. As the number of transactions increased, the runtime of improved pattern tree was about 25% shorter than that of FP-tree. The improved pattern tree also required less memory than CanTree.

Researches of Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri Plasmid rol Genes

Expression of rol genes from Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes not only leads to the excessive formation of adventitious roots, but also exhibits various genetically modified characteristics that have broad prospects for the application of plant genetic improvement. Since the 1980s of the last century, much progress has been made in the studies of A. rhizogenes, in particular the agropine type Ri plasmid rol genes and their applications for plant genetic improvement, which involves the structure and function of Ri plasmid, the characters of rol genes, the influence of rol genes expression on plants growth and development, and the applications of rol genes for genetic improvement of forest tree. In this paper, the advances in this field are reviewed and the existing problems about the application of rol genes for genetic improvement of forest tree are also discussed.

Morphological parameters and genetic diversity of progenies from seed production areas and unimproved stands of teak(Tectona grandis L.f.)in India

We compared morphological and genetic attributes of prog- eny obtained from three seed production areas （SPAs） and three corre- sponding unimproved stands （UIS） of teak （Tectona grandis L.f） at three broad teak growing regions in the state of Karnataka, India. In general, seed morphological parameters such as seed weight, seed size and seed emptiness were significantly superior in SPAs compared to UISs. Seed germination percentage was also higher in seeds from SPAs. Seedling performance measured at two monthly intervals for six months was ob- served to be superior in SPAs at two of the three regions compared. Although the genetic diversity of progeny of SPAs was lower than UIS at all regions, the values were moderately high. Germination percent was positively correlated with fruit weight and kernel weight per seed, while diversity indices were negatively correlated with fruit weight, fruit di- ameter and kernel weight per seed. SPAs proved important as a source of moderately improved planting material with no severe threat to the ge- netic diversity of future plantations.

Genotype-environment interaction in Cordia trichotoma(Vell.)Arráb.Ex Steud.progenies in two different soil conditions

Investment in silvicultural techniques is noticeably lacking,especially in breeding programs for non-conventional wood species.Studying genotype×environment interaction(G×E)is essential to the development of breeding programs.Thus,this study aimed to estimate genetic diversity of and the effects of G×E interaction on two progeny tests of Cordia trichotoma,including the estimation of genetic gain and genetic diversity after selection.For the experiment,30 progenies of C.trichotoma were tested at two sites with differing soil textures.Diameter at breast height(1.30 m above soil surface,dbh-cm),total height,diameter at 30 cm from the soil,first branch height,and survival were all monitored for four years.Statistical deviance,best linear unbiased estimator,and harmonic mean of relative performance of genetic values(MHPRVG)were all calculated to predict breeding values,estimate genetic parameters,and analyze deviance.All quantified traits varied significantly among progenies by soil type,with greatest variation recorded for genetic variability.Heritability of the progenies led to predictions of genetic gain,ranging from 7.73 to 15.45%,for dbh at four years of age.The calculated decrease in genetic diversity after selection showed that this parameter should be monitored in subsequent breeding cycles.G×E was low for all tests.The best-performing progenies proved most stable and best adapted to the different environmental conditions tested.

Estimation of genetic parameters on growth characteristics of a 35-year-old Pinus koraiensis progeny trial in South Korea

The effects of genetic and environmental factors on Pinus koraiensis growth were studied based on a35 year-old progeny trial composed of open-pollinated offspring of twenty-one plus trees.Height,DBH and volume of the offspring was analyzed using restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction in mixed model analysis.Significant site and family effects on the three traits were observed.The distinct growth of offspring by site with disparate climates corroborated the importance of planting species in suitable conditions.Growth differences by family was significant,emphasizing the importance of identifying families with either superior or inferior performance.The parental ranking was assigned in the sites,inferring the breeding value of each plus tree.The estimates of individual heritability(h_(i)^(2))of height,DBH and volume growth were 0.169-0.645,0.108-0.331 and 0.129-0.343 respectively,with higher h_(i)^(2) of the height than DBH on each site.Coefficient of variance of genetic effect was higher with DBH in some cases,indicating the scope for selection is larger for this trait despite the lower heritability compared to height.For the variation between families in terms of the performance stability across sites,consideration of the genotype by environment interaction is required in selecting materials to be used in reforestation with Korean pine.A few families with either superior or inferior performance retained their parental ranking for at least a decade.Other families with increased growth on a particular site were identified,indicating their high breeding value and low stability.Differences in the genetic performance of the families by site requires delineation of the breeding region of the species.

Selection and Screening of Superior Genotypes for Quality Planting Stock Based on Vegetative Growth Performance of Some Selected 12-Year-Old Acacia Species

Production of quality wood is a big problem in forestry plantation since trees grown in plantation of some high value temperate and tropical hardwood species tend to produce low value, short butt logs and bolts due to crooked stems, low fork heights and delayed shedding of lower branches. Result from existing Acacia plantation in Malaysia indicated that most existing Acacia plantation trees especially Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium, fork very heavily which leads to the formation of multiple leaders more than one and some are fork so close to the ground that they will produce little to no merchantable wood. In this context, a research study was initiated to select and recommend the best performing tree species or provenance suited for timber production in Malaysia with respect to growth and other characteristics. Species/provenance/progeny test was conducted on four species of Acacia namely, A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, A. crassicarpa and A. aulococarpa, each with 4 provenances originated from Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Queensland (QL). The growth performance of the provenances was monitored in terms of some quantitative and qualitative characteristics to evaluate the genetic variation and growth performance of a base breeding population. 20 progenies for each species were selected and randomly planted with 16 trees representing each progenies in a trial plot laid out in a randomized complete block design consisting of four blocks as replication. The study showed that there were significant different (p mangium performed better compared to other Acacia species in all of the aspect tested and it was followed by A. crassicarpa, A. aulococarpa and A. auriculiformis. There were also significant differences between provenance within regions and progenies within provenances in all quantitative and qualitative traits tested in this study. Generally, provenance and progenies selected from PNG excelled those from QL both in quantitative and qualitative characteristics. The top performing progenies of Acacia species are CG 1854 of (Bensbach WP) and KN000107 (SW of Boset WP) of A. mangium, BVG2609 (Bensbach WP) of A. crassicarpa, BVG 00835 (WP Morehead) and MM1016 (Arufi E Morehead WP) of A. aulococarpa and JSL363 (Wenlock River) and BVG 2657 (Bansbach) of A. auriculiformis.

An Adaptive Tag Anti-Collision Protocol in RFID Wireless Systems

A novel anti-collision algorithm in RFID wireless network is proposed.As it is put forward on the basis of collision tree(CT)and improved collision tree(lCT) anti-collision protocols,we call it adaptive collision tree protocol(ACT).The main novelty of this paper is that the AD strategy is introduced and used in ACT to decrease collisions and improve the tag system throughput.AD strategy means that query strings will divide into two or four branches adaptively according to the label quantity.This scheme can decrease both depth of query and collision timeslots,and avoid producing too much idle timeslots at the same time.Both theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the novel proposed anticollision protocol ACT outperforms the previous CT and ICT protocols in term of time complexity,system throughput,and communication complexity.

Domestication and improvement of cotton:From tree cotton to American upland cotton and to the world's largest fiber crop

Subject Code:C06With the supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,collaborative studies by the research groups led by Prof.Zhang Tianzhen(张天真)from Nanjing Agricultural University,presently Zhejiang University,Prof.Du Xiongming from the Institute of Cotton Research(ICR),Chinese

An improved Merkle hash tree based secure scheme for bionic underwater acoustic communication

Recently,bionic signals have been used to achieve covert underwater acoustic communication(UWAC)with high signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs)over transmission systems.A high SNR allows the attackers to proceed with their mischievous goals and makes transmission systems vulnerable against malicious attacks.In this paper we propose an improved Merkle hash tree based secure scheme that can resist current underwater attacks,i.e.,replay attack,fabricated message attack,message-altering attack,and analyst attack.Security analysis is performed to prove that the proposed scheme can resist these types of attacks.Performance evaluations show that the proposed scheme can meet UWAC limitations due to its efficiency regarding energy consumption,communication overhead,and computation cost.

Advances in eucalypt research in China

Eucalypt plantations in China currently exceed4.5 Mhm^2, and this country has the third largest area of such plantations after India and Brazil. China's eucalypt industry now comprises a complex, multifaceted industry including seedling propagation, fertilizer production and supply, plantation silviculture, harvesting and transport,wood processing for products including lumber, pulp and paper, and wood-based panels, as well as bioenergy production and various forest byproducts and non-wood forest products. In 2015, the combined value of output of this whole industry was around 300 billion CNY. Chinese research and development(R&D) has been instrumental in supporting growth and development across the whole breadth of the country's eucalypt industry. In this report,recent advances in this R&D are reviewed under six key topics:(1) advanced propagation technology;(2) genetic resources and breeding;(3) targeted silviculture;(4) eucalypt disease and pest management;(5) enhancing plantation ecology and sustainability; and(6) wood processing and byproduct technology. R&D has greatly facilitated expansion and proliferation of all parts of China's eucalypt industry. This industry is now of major importance to China's economy; it involves tens of thousands of growers and companies that provide livelihoods for hundreds of thousands of people.