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Novel Mixture of Materials Produces Bone- and Soft Tissue-Like Imaging Density 被引量:1
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作者 Saddig D. Jastaniah 《Open Journal of Biophysics》 2016年第4期90-97,共8页
The objective of the present study was to access to imaging material density close to or identical density imaging of bone and soft tissue, from raw materials of nature to be used in different model applications and t... The objective of the present study was to access to imaging material density close to or identical density imaging of bone and soft tissue, from raw materials of nature to be used in different model applications and to provide comprehensive evaluation of the imaging system and techniques under realistic conditions in radiology departments for educational purposes. The palm tree of abundance in Saudi Arabia was chosen to study the date’s seeds and palm leaves in terms of photographic density. The results achieved were referring to the lack of imaging density of dates seeds and palm leaves compared to bone density. Thus, it was necessary to use two additional materials: Salt and eggshells in order to find the highest density and graphic approach to bone density. The present preliminary study indicated that the permanent and stable model can be achieved by palm leaves, salt & eggshell powder with imaging material density close to the imaging density of the bone and soft tissue for achieving more clinical skills and medical education. 展开更多
关键词 Bone Density Palm tree seeds Image Density
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Seed and Wasp Production in the Mutualism of Figs and Fig Wasps 被引量:1
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作者 YaoJin-yan ZhaoNan-xian +3 位作者 ChenYi-zhu JiaXiao-cheng DengYuan YuHui 《Forestry Studies in China》 CAS 2005年第1期25-28,共4页
Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ov... Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside. 展开更多
关键词 FICUS Ficus wasp mutualism conflicts seed and wasp production Seed and Wasp Production in the Mutualism of Figs and Fig Wasps Yao Jin-yan1 2 Zhao Nan-xian1 Chen Yi-zhu1* Jia Xiao-cheng1 2 Deng Yuan1 2 Yu Hui1 2 1South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 P. R. China 2Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 P. R. China ABSTRACT Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait. we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity) in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However at the male flower phase production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating
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Converting rubber seed oil into hydrocarbon fuels via supported Pd-catalyst
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作者 Chen Yubao Hao Yajie +7 位作者 Zhao Yongyan Zhou Liming Yang Shunping Gao Yanni Ma Jiangli Du Junchen Dona Souliyathai Zhang Aimin 《International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS 2017年第6期201-209,共9页
The one-step hydrotreatment of rubber seed oil to produce hydrocarbon fuels has been carried out via supported Pd-catalyst,and analyzed emphatically some elements affected catalytic cracking process,for example,temper... The one-step hydrotreatment of rubber seed oil to produce hydrocarbon fuels has been carried out via supported Pd-catalyst,and analyzed emphatically some elements affected catalytic cracking process,for example,temperature,hydrogen partial pressure and dosage of catalyst,etc.Through experimental research,the author found out the appropriate catalytic cracking conditions as follows:310℃ of reaction temperature,2 MPa of hydrogen partial pressure,15 of the ratio of oil to catalyst(m(oil)/m(catalyst)),100 r/min of stirring speed.Under these conditions,effective component of hydrocarbon fuels in the converted oil accounts for 99.49%,and the proportion of C_(8)-C_(16) can reach as high as 79.61%.The converted oil was similar to petroleum-based oil in chemical composition,and can be used for future the aviation biofuels development as the source of raw material because it contains a large amount of hydrocarbon in the range of C_(8)-C_(16). 展开更多
关键词 rubber tree seed oil catalytic cracking Pd based catalyst hydrocarbon fuels BIOFUEL renewable energy
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