Synthesis of bis(indolyl) methanes using aluminiumoxide(acidic) in dry media

Heterogeneous catalyst aluminium oxide(acidic) is found to be an effective catalyst for the solvent-free condensation reaction of indole with aldehydes in microwave irradiation with shorter reaction time and higher yields.

Efficient synthesis of bis(indolyl) methanes catalyzed by(PhCH_2PPh_3)^+Br_3^- under solvent-free conditions

Benzyltriphenylphosphonium tribromide（BTPTB） has been applied as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of bis（indolyl）-methanes （BIMs） via electrophilic substitution of indoles with aldehydes in the absence of solvent.

Oxalic acid as a catalyst for efficient synthesis of bis-(indolyl)methanes,and 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes in water

A simple, efficient, and environment benign route was developed for the preparation of bis-（indolyl）methanes and 14-aryl-14H- dibenzo[aj]xanthenes from condensation of various aromatic aldehydes or ketones with indole, and 2-naphthol, respectively, using oxalic acid catalyst in aqueous medium. Use of cheap and easily available catalyst, better yields and simple reaction protocol are the advantages of the present method.

Efficient and Eco-friendly Process for the Synthesis of Bi(indolyl)methanes Catalyzed by Sodium Hydrogensulfate Monohydrate in Ionic Liquid n-Butylpyridinium Tetrafluoroborate

Efficient electrophilic substitution reaction of indoles with various aromatic aldehydes were carried out with a catalytic amount of sodium hydrogensulfate monohydrate （NaHSO4·H20） in ionic liquid n-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate （[Bpy]BF4） to afford the corresponding bi（indolyl）methanes in excellent yields. The notable advantages of this protocol in terms of low cost of catalyst and ionic liquid, mild conditions, simple operation, short reaction time, high yields and recycling of the ionic liquid.

n-Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid (DBSA) as a Novel Brønsted Acid Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes and Bis(4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl)methanes in Water

n-Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) as a novel, biodegradable, and efficient Br?nsted acid catalyst used for the reaction of indoles/4-hydroxy coumarin with aldehydes to obtain a bis(indolyl)methanes/bis(4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl)methanes, respectively. The catalyst exhibited remarkable activity, and tolerated a wide variety of functional groups providing the desired bis(indolyl)methanes and bis(4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl)methanes in good to excellent yield (70%-96%) in water.

Trifunctional strategy for the design and synthesis of a Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)catalyst with remarkable low-temperature sintering and coking resistance for methane dry reforming

In this study,a trifunctional strategy was developed to prepare a confined Ni-based catalyst(Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2))for dry reforming of methane(DRM)of two main greenhouse gases-CO_(2)and CH_(4).The Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)catalyst was fabricated by utilizing the confinement effect of the SiO_(2)shell and the synergistic interaction between Ni-Ce and the decoking effect of CeO_(2).The catalysts were systematically characterized via X-ray diffraction,N_(2 )adsorption/desorption,transmission electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,hydrogen temperature reduction and desorption set by program,oxygen temperature program desorption,Raman spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy measurements to reveal their physicochemical properties and reaction mechanism.The Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)catalyst exhibited higher activity and stability than the catalyst synthesized via the traditional impregnation method.In addition,no carbon deposition was detected over Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)after a 100 h durability test at 800℃,and the average particle size of Ni nanoparticles(NPs)in the catalyst increased from 5.01 to 5.77 nm.Remarkably,Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)also exhibited superior low-temperature stability;no coke deposition was observed when the catalyst was reacted at 600℃ for 20 h.The high coking and sintering resistance of this confined Ni-based DRM catalyst can be attributed to its trifunctional effect.The trifunctional strategy developed in this study could be used as a guideline to design other high-performance catalysts for CO_(2)and CH4 dry forming and accelerate their industrialization.

Synthesis of bis(indolyl) methanes catalyzed by Schiff base-Cu(Ⅱ) complex

Schiff base-Cu（II） complex is found to be an effective catalyst for the condensation reaction of indole with aldehydes using ethanol as the solvent. The characterization of the catalysts was carried out using XRD and FT-IR.

Surfactant-assisted synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes in water

An environmentally friendly synthesis method for bis（indolyl）methanes has been developed in the presence of sodium lauryl ether sulfate（SLES）,electrophilic substitution reactions of indoles with aldehydes were accomplished in water as solvent at room temperature without any Bronested or Lewis acid catalysts.

A practical synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes catalyzed by BF_3·Et_2O

Practical BF3.Et20 catalyzed reactions between indoles and a series of carbonyl compounds at room temperature are described, which afford bis（indolyl）methanes with isolated yields up to 96%,

Highly Efficient Synthesis of Bis（indolyl）methanes Catalyzed by Sodium Tetrafluoroborate

Sodium tetrafluoroborate （NaBF4） was found to catalyze the electrophilic substitution reactions of indoles with aldehydes and ketones under solvent-free conditions to afford the corresponding bis（indolyl）methanes in high yields.

An efficient synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes and N,N'-alkylidene bisamides by Silzic under solvent free conditions

An operationally simple and green method for the synthesis of a wide range of bis（indolyl）methanes,and N,N＇-alkylidene bisamides under mild conditions,with excellent yields using Silzic,has been developed.This improved method furnishes in good yields bis（indolyl）methanes derivatives starting from indole and aldehydes,or ketones,and N,N＇-alkylidene bisamides derivatives starting from acetamide and aldehydes.The catalytic system was reused up to three times with the same efficiency.

Synthesis, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of bis(indolyl)methanes

A series of bioactive bis（indolyl）methanes are synthesized by one-pot green reaction of indole with various substituted aldehydes by microwave irradiation under solvent free conditions. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized bis（indolyl）-methanes are evaluated in vitro and compared to standard drugs tetracycline and diclofenac,respectively. The majority of the compounds showed good antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity.Interestingly, compounds 3j, 3i, 3k and 3g exhibited much higher anti-inflammatory activity than the standard diclofenac drug and thus qualify for clinical trials to be used as an anti-inflammatory compound.

Highly Efficient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 3,3＇-Bis（1H-indol-3-yl）methanes in Water

A simple and practical approach for the preparation of unsymmetric bis（indolyl）methanes （BIMs） was realized by Lewis acid InBr3-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with 3-indolyl-substituted phthalides in water.

甲烷三重整制合成气

甲烷三重整是利用CO2-H2O-O2同时重整甲烷的过程。该工艺既可以生产H2/CO为1.5—2.0的合成气,又可以缓解甚至消除催化剂的积炭,适合于更廉价地生产用于合成甲醇、二甲醚以及清洁燃料等下游产品的合成气。本文重点评述了近年来国内外甲烷三重整制合成气在热力学、催化剂、反应器、动力学等方面的研究进展,指出甲烷三重整反应在电厂烟气、煤层气、天然气综合利用方面具备良好前景,但要通过该过程实现廉价合成气的生产,仍需研制高活性、抗积炭性能强的催化剂,并对反应器进行改进,以及进行反应机理和反应动力学的深入研究。

微波辅助法合成双吲哚甲烷衍生物

以吲哚、羰基化合物为原料,以路易斯酸固载蒙脱土为催化剂,微波辅助合成标题化合物。考察了溶剂、温度、反应时间、原料物质的量比及催化剂循环使用次数对产率的影响,最优条件下产率高达93.4%,催化剂循环3次产率仍可达71.0%,产物通过~1HNMR、IR、熔点进行表征。

磷钨酸催化合成双吲哚甲烷衍生物

在磷钨酸做催化剂条件下，各种醛、酮快速地与吲哚发生亲电取代反应，以较高（69％～95％）收率制得一系列双吲哚甲烷衍生物，产物结构经IR、^1H NMR、^13C NMR、MS和元素分析表征得以确证。

Ni-Mg-ZrO_2催化剂上煤层甲烷三重整制合成气

采用共沉淀法制备Ni-ZrO2和Ni-Mg-ZrO2催化剂,用BET、XRD、H2-TPR、CO2-TPD等技术对催化剂进行了表征。采用固定床流动反应装置,研究了催化剂在煤层甲烷三重整制合成气反应中的催化性能;考察了反应温度和原料气体组成对反应的影响。实验结果表明,Ni-Mg-ZrO2催化剂在反应温度800℃、常压、空速为30 000 mL/(g.h)、CH4/CO2/H2O/O2/N2=1.0/0.45/0.45/0.1/0.4的条件下,CH4转化率为99%,CO2转化率为65%左右,生成合成气H2/CO体积比为1.5,并在58 h的实验中催化剂活性和稳定性良好。这主要归因于催化剂中金属和载体之间的强相互作用、催化剂的高热稳定性和强碱性。此外,较高的反应温度有利于甲烷三重整反应的进行;通过调节原料气组成,可以获得不同H2/CO体积比的合成气。

载体对Ni基催化剂催化甲烷三重整反应性能的影响

制备了Ni/TiO2,Ni/Mg0.5Ti0.5Ox和Ni/MgO三种催化剂并考察了它们对甲烷三重整反应的催化性能.结果表明,将Ti引入NiO-MgO体系中可以阻止固溶体的形成,而又不改变Ni的分散度.Ni/TiO2与Ni/MgO的活性随反应时间的延长而降低;Ni/Mg0.5Ti0.5Ox的催化稳定性最好,这与其氧化-还原性以及金属与载体间适度的相互作用有关.

Eu^(3+)-β-二酮、三正辛胺三元配合物的合成与光谱特性

合成了铕 (Ⅲ )的二苯甲酰甲烷、三正辛胺的三元配合物Eu3 + ·(DBM ) 3 · [N(C8H17) 3 ]2 ,通过元素分析确定了配合物的组成 ,并通过红外光谱对配合物进行了表征。结合红外光谱、荧光光谱讨论了配合物的成键特性、配体传能机制以及协同配体N(C8H17) 3 引入对激发光谱的影响。荧光光谱表明配合物可吸收 2 4 7～ 4 0 0nm的宽带紫外光 ,发射Eu3 + 的5D0 →7F2 对应的 6 12nm红色荧光。