Misdiagnosis of hemangioma of left triangular ligament of the liver as gastric submucosal stromal tumor:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Extragastric lesions are typically not misdiagnosed as gastric submucosal tumor(SMT).However,we encountered two rare cases where extrinsic lesions were misdiagnosed as gastric SMTs.CASE SUMMARY We describe two cases of gastric SMT-like protrusions initially misdiagnosed as gastric SMTs by the abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS).Based on the CT and EUS findings,the patients underwent gastroscopy;however,no tumor was identified after incising the gastric wall.Subsequent surgical exploration revealed no gastric lesions in both patients,but a mass was found in the left triangular ligament of the liver.The patients underwent laparoscopic tumor resection,and the postoperative diagnosis was hepatic hemangiomas.CONCLUSION During EUS procedures,scanning across different layers and at varying degrees of gastric cavity distension,coupled with meticulous image analysis,has the potential to mitigate the likelihood of such misdiagnoses.

Finite Temperature Magnetism in the Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnet KErTe_(2)

After the discovery of the ARECh_(2)(A=alkali or monovalent ions,RE=rare-earth,Ch=chalcogen)triangular lattice quantum spin liquid(QSL)family,a series of its oxide,sulfide,and selenide counterparts has been consistently reported and extensively investigated.While KErTe_(2) represents the initial synthesized telluride member,preserving its triangular spin lattice,it was anticipated that the substantial tellurium ions could impart more pronounced magnetic attributes and electronic structures to this material class.This study delves into the magnetism of KErTe_(2) at finite temperatures through magnetization and electron spin resonance(ESR)measurements.Based on the angular momentum J after spin-orbit coupling(SOC)and symmetry analysis,we obtain the magnetic effective Hamiltonian to describe the magnetism of Er^(3+)in R3m space group.Applying the mean-field approximation to the Hamiltonian,we can simulate the magnetization and magnetic heat capacity of KErTe_(2) in paramagnetic state and determine the crystalline electric field(CEF)parameters and partial exchange interactions.The relatively narrow energy gaps between the CEF ground state and excited states exert a significant influence on the magnetism.For example,small CEF excitations can result in a significant broadening of the ESR linewidth at 2 K.For the fitted exchange interactions,although the values are small,given a large angular momentum J=15/2 after SOC,they still have a noticeable effect at finite temperatures.Notably,the heat capacity data under different magnetic fields along the𝑐axis direction also roughly match our calculated results,further validating the reliability of our analytical approach.These derived parameters serve as crucial tools for future investigations into the ground state magnetism of KErTe_(2).The findings presented herein lay a foundation for exploration of the intricate magnetism within the triangular-lattice delafossite family.

Does the Hartman effect exist in triangular barriers

We study the phase,Larmor and dwell times of a particle scattered off triangular barriers(TBs).It is interesting that the dependences of dwell,reflective phase and Larmor times on the wave number,barrier width and height for a pair of mirror-symmetric(MS)exact triangular barriers(ETBs)are quite different,as the two ETBs have quite distinct scattering surfaces.In comparison,the dependence of the transmitted phase or Larmor times is exactly the same,since the transmitted amplitudes are the same for a pair of MS TBs.We further study the Hartman effect by defining the phase and Larmor velocities associated with the phase and Larmor times.We find no barrier width saturation effect for the transmitted and reflected times.This is indicated by the fact that all the velocities approach finite constants that are much smaller than the speed of light in vacuum for TBs with positive-slope impact faces.As for ETBs with vertical left edges,the naive velocities seem to also indicate the absence of the Hartman effect.These are quite distinct from rectangular barriers and may shed new light on the clarification of the tunneling time issues.

Review and update on the management of triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries in professional athletes

Triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries are common in amateur and professional sports.These injuries are mainly caused by acute or chronic repetitive axial loads on the wrist,particularly on the ulnar side and in association with rotations or radial/ulnar deviations.In order to treat professional athletes,a detailed specific knowledge of the pathology is needed.Moreover,the clinician should fully understand the specific and unique environment and needs of the athletes,their priorities and goals,the type of sport,the time of the season,and the position played.An early diagnosis and appropriate management with the quickest possible recovery time are the uppermost goals for both the athlete and the surgeon.A compromise between conservative vs surgical indications,athletes’needs and expectations,and financial implications should be achieved.Arthroscopic procedures should be timely planned when indicated as they could allow early diagnosis and treatment at the same time.Conservative measures are often used as first line treatment when possible.Peripheral lesions are treated by arthroscopic repair,whilst central lesions are treated by arthroscopic debridement.Further procedures(such as the Wafer procedure,ulnar osteotomies,etc.)have specific indications and great implications with regard to rehabilitation.

Constructing a Triangular Linkage Model of Government Audit,Social Audit,and Internal Audit to Promote High-Quality Development of Audit Services

It is a complex and important topic to study the linkage mechanism of government audit,social audit,and internal audit in the context of China’s high-quality economic development.The implementation of measures,such as establishing a sound and perfect organizational safeguard mechanism,strengthening project collaborative audit mechanism,enhancing the mechanism for utilizing audit results,and establishing an audit and rectification joint mechanism can promote the efficient operation of the audit supervision system and the high-quality development of audit services.

Post-stack reverse-time migration using a finite difference method based on triangular grids

Compared with other migration methods, reverse-time migration is based on a precise wave equation, not an approximation, and performs extrapolation in the depth domain rather than the time domain. It is highly accurate and not affected by strong subsurface structure complexity and horizontal velocity variations. The difference method based on triangular grids maintains the simplicity of the difference method and the precision of the finite element method. It can be used directly for forward modeling on models with complex top surfaces and migration without statics preprocessing. We apply a finite difference method based on triangular grids for post-stack reverse-time migration for the first time. Tests on model data verify that the combination of the two methods can achieve near-perfect results in application.

Triangular Au-Ag framework nanostructures prepared by multi-stage replacement and their spectral properties

Triangular Au-Ag framework nanostructures （TFN） were synthesized via a multi-step galvanic replacement reaction （MGRR） of single-crystalline triangular silver nanoplates in a chlorauric acid （HAuCl4） solution at room temperature. The morphological, compositional, and crystal structural changes involved with reaction steps were analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDX）, and X-ray diffraction. TEM combined with EDX and selected area electron diffraction confirmed the replacement of Ag with Au. The in-plane dipolar surface plasmon resonance （SPR） absorption band of the Ag nanoplates locating initially at around 700 nm gradually redshifted to 1 100 nm via a multi-stage replacement manner after 7 stages. The adding amount of HAuCl4 per stage influenced the average redshift value per stage, thus enabled a fine tuning of the in-plane dipolar band. A proposed formation mechanism of the original Ag nanoplates developing pores while growing Au nanoparticles covering this underlying structure at more reaction steps was confirmed by exploiting surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS）.

A minimum traveltime ray tracing global algorithm on a triangular net for propagating plane waves

To address the problem of subdividing inflexible rectangular grid models and their poor definition of velocity interfaces,we propose a complex structure triangular net for a minimum traveltime ray tracing global algorithm.Our procedure is：（1） Subdivide a triangle grid based on the Delaunay triangular subdivision criterion and the relationships of the points,lines,and the surfaces in the subdividing area.（2） Define the topology relationships and related concepts of triangular unit ray tracing.（3） The source point and wave arrival points at any time compose the propagating plane wave and the minimum traveltime and secondary source positions are calculated during the plane wave propagation.We adopt the hyperbolic approximation global algorithm for secondary source retrieving.（4） By minimum traveltime ray tracing,collect the path from receiver to source points with the neighborhood point＇s traveltime and the direction of the secondary source.Numerical simulation examples are given to test the algorithm.The results show that the triangular net ray tracing method demonstrates model subdivision flexibility,precise velocity discontinuity interfaces,and accurate computations.

Feature Extraction of Symmetrical Triangular LFMCW Signal Using Wigner-Hough Transform

Feature extraction of symmetrical triangular linear frequency modulation continuous wave （LFM- CW） signal is studied. Combined with its peculiar charaeteristics, a novel algorithm based on Wigner-Hough transform （WHT） is presented for the deteetion and parameter estimation of this type of waveform. The initial frequency and chirp rate of each segment of this wave are estimated, and the peak-value searching steps in the parameter spaee is given. Compared with Wigner-Ville distribution （WVD）, Pseudo-Wigner-Ville distri- bution （PWD） and Smoothed-Peseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution （SPWD）, WHT has proven itself to be the best method for feature extraetion of symmetrical triangular LFMCW signal. In the end, Monte-Carlo simulations under different SNRs are earried out, with validating results on this method.

Triangular domain extension of algebraic trigonometricB′ezier-like basis

In computer aided geometric design （CAGD）, B′ezier-like bases receive more andmore considerations as new modeling tools in recent years. But those existing B′ezier-like basesare all defined over the rectangular domain. In this paper, we extend the algebraic trigono-metric B′ezier-like basis of order 4 to the triangular domain. The new basis functions definedover the triangular domain are proved to fulfill non-negativity, partition of unity, symmetry,boundary representation, linear independence and so on. We also prove some properties of thecorresponding B′ezier-like surfaces. Finally, some applications of the proposed basis are shown.

A Novel VOF-Type Volume-Tracking Method for Free-Surface Flows Based on Unstructured Triangular Mesh

A novel VOF-type volume-tracking method for two-dimensional free-surface flows based on the unstructured triangular mesh is presented. Owing to the inherent merit of the unstructured triangular mesh in fitting curved boundaries, this method can handle the free-surface problems with complex geometries accurately and directly, without introducing any complicated boundary treatment or artificial diffusion. The method solves the volume transport equation geometrically through the Modified Lagrangian-Eulerian Re-map （MLER） method, which is applied to advective fluid volumes. Moreover, the PLIC method is adopted to give a second-order reconstructed interface approximation. To validate this method, two advection tests were performed for the establishment of the accuracy and convergence rate of the solutions. Numerical results for these complex tests provide convincing evidence for the excellent solution quality and fidelity of the method.

Scattering of SH waves by a scalene triangular hill

The influence of local landforms on ground motion is an important problem. The antiplane response of a scalene triangular hill to incident SH waves is studied in this paper by using a complex function, moving coordinates and auxiliary functions. First, the model is divided into two domains： a scalene triangular hill with a semi-circular bottom; and a half space with a semi-circular canyon. Wave functions that satisfy the zero-stress condition at the triangular wedges and at the horizontal surface are constructed in both domains. Then, considering the displacement continuity and stress equilibrium, algebraic equations are established. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the influence of the geometry of the hill and the characteristics of the incident waves on the ground motions.

Design and Experiment of Triangular Prism Mast with Tape-Spring Hyperelastic Hinges

Because of the limited space of the launch rockets, deployable mechanisms are always used to solve the phenomenon. One dimensional deployable mast can deploy and support antenna, solar sail and space optical camera. Tape-spring hyperelastic hinges can be folded and extended into a rod like configuration. It utilizes the strain energy to realize self-deploying and drive the other structures. One kind of triangular prism mast with tape-spring hyperelastic hinges is proposed and developed. Stretching and compression stiffness theoretical model are established with considering the tape-spring hyperelastic hinges based on static theory. The finite element model of ten-module triangular prism mast is set up by ABAQUS with the tape-spring hyperelastic hinge and parameter study is performed to investigate the influence of thickness, section angle and radius. Two-module TPM is processed and tested the compression stiffness by the laser displacement sensor, deploying repeat accuracy by the high speed camera, modal shape and fundamental frequency at cantilever position by LMS multi-channel vibration test and analysis system, which are used to verify precision of the theoretical and finite element models of ten-module triangular prism mast with the tape-spring hyperelastic hinges. This research proposes an innovative one dimensional triangular prism with tape-spring hyperelastic hinge which has great application value to the space deployable mechanisms.

Synthesis and morphology of triangular pyramid-shaped puerarin microparticle with nanostructure

A type of triangular pyramid-shaped microparticles of puerarin was synthesized by using oil-in-oil microemulsion approach which is simple and economical under the action of copper substrate.The pyramid-shaped microparticles would be made up of deposit of nanospheres or nanorods and have two significant characters.One is its complex surface morphology like coral reef.The other is a lot of nanopores in existence in the microparticle body.Two possible formation routes were speculated.

Effective Mass of Strong-Coupling Bound Polaron in a Triangular Quantum Well Induced by Rashba Effect

In this paper, on the basis of Huybrechts＇ strong-coupling polaron model, the Tokuda modified linearcombination operator method and the unitary transformation method are used to study the properties of the strongcoupling bound polaron considering the influence of Rashba effect, which is brought by the spin-orbit （SO） interaction, in the semiconductor triangular quantum well （TQW）. Numerical calculation on the RbCI TQW, as the example, is performed. The expressions for the effective mass of the polaron as a function of the vibration frequency, the velocity, the Coulomb bound potential and the electron areal density are derived. Numerical results show that the total effective mass of the polaron is composed of three parts. The interactions between the orbit and the spin with different directions have different effects on the effective mass of the bound polaron.

Selectively colorimetric detection of cysteine with triangular silver nanoprisms

Triangular silver nanoprisms were prepared and applied to make colorimetric detection of cysteine based on our findings that cysteine could lead to the blue shift of the dipole plasmon resonance absorption, but other 19 kinds of natural amino acids could not. Cysteine with a concentration 160 nmol/L can result in a color change that can be discerned with naked eyes.

Antiplane response of isosceles triangular hill to incident SH waves

In this paper, antiplane response of an isosceles triangular hill to incident SH waves is studied based on the method of complex function and by using moving coordinate system. The standing wave function, which can satisfy the governing equation and boundary condition, is provided. Furthermore, numerical examples are presented; the influences of wave number and angle of the incident waves and the angle of the hill’s peak on ground motion are discussed.

A Finite Volume Method with Unstructured Triangular Grids for Numerical Modeling of Tidal Current

The finite volume method （FVM） has many advantages in 2-D shallow water numerical simulation. In this study, the finite volume method is used with unstructured triangular grids to simulate the tidal currents. The Roe scheme is applied in the calculation of the intercell numerical flux, and the MUSCL method is introduced to improve its accuracy. The time integral is a two-step scheme of forecast and revision. For the verification of the present method, the Stoker＇s problem is calculated and the result is compared with the mathematically analytic solutions. The comparison indicates that the method is feasible. A sea area of a port is used as an example to test the method established here. The result shows that the present computational method is satisfactory, and it could be applied to the engineering fields.

Nonlinear Jordan Higher Derivations of Triangular Algebras

In this paper, we prove that any nonlinear Jordan higher derivation on triangular algebras is an additive higher derivation. As a byproduct, we obtain that any nonlinear Jordan derivation on nest algebras over infinite dimensional Hilbert suaces is inner.

Numerical Investigation on Vortex-Induced Rotations of A Triangular Cylinder Using An Immersed Boundary Method

A numerical study of vortex-induced rotations(VIRs) of an equivalent triangular cylinder, which is free to rotate in the azimuthal direction in a uniform flow, is presented. Based on an immersed boundary method, the numerical model is established, and is verified through the benchmark problem of flow past a freely rotating rectangular body.The computation is performed for a fixed reduced mass of m~*=2.0 and the structural stiffness and damping ratio are set to zero. The effects of Reynolds number(Re=25-180) on the characteristics of VIR are studied. It is found that the dynamic response of the triangular cylinder exhibits four distinct modes with increasing Re: a rest position,periodic rotational oscillation, random rotation and autorotation. For the rotational oscillation mode, the cylinder undergoes a periodic vibration around an equilibrium position with one side facing the incoming flow. Since the rotation effect, the outset of vortex shedding from cylinder shifts to a much lower Reynolds number. Further increase in Re leads to 2 P and P+S vortex shedding modes besides the typical 2 S pattern. Our simulation results also elucidate that the free rotation significantly changes the drag and lift forces. Inspired by these facts, the effect of free rotation on flow-induced vibration of a triangular cylinder in the in-line and transverse directions is investigated. The results show that when the translational vibration is coupled with rotation, the triangular cylinder presents a galloping response instead of vortex-induced vibration(VIV).