Reflection of three-dimensional plane waves at the free surface of a rotating triclinic half-space under the context of generalized thermoelasticity

The reflection of three-dimensional(3D) plane waves in a highly anisotropic(triclinic) medium under the context of generalized thermoelasticity is studied. The thermoelastic nature of the 3D plane waves in an anisotropic medium is investigated in the perspective of the three-phase-lag(TPL), dual-phase-lag(DPL), Green-Naghdi-III(GNIII), Lord-Shulman(LS), and classical coupled(CL) theories. The reflection coefficients and energy ratios for all the reflected waves are obtained in a mathematical form. The rotational effects on the reflection characteristics of the 3D waves are discussed under the context of generalized thermoelasticity. Comparative analyses for the reflection coefficients of the waves among these generalized thermoelastic theories are performed. The energy ratios for each of the reflected waves establish the energy conservation law in the reflection phenomena of the plane waves. The highly anisotropic materials along with the rotation may have a significant role in the phenomenon of the reflection behavior of the 3D waves. Numerical computations are performed for the graphical representation of the study.

Reflection for three-dimensional plane waves in triclinic crystalline medium

The propagation of three-dimensional plane waves at a traction free boundary of a half-space composed of triclinic crystalline material is discussed. A method has been developed to find the analytical expressions of all the three phase velocities of quasi-P （qP）, quasi-SV （qSV） and quasi-SH （qSH） in three dimensions. Closed form expressions in three dimensions for the amplitude ratios of reflection coefficients of qP, qSV and qSH waves in a triclinic medium are obtained. These expressions are used for numerically studying the variation of the reflection coetticients with the angle of incidence. The graphs are drawn for different polar angle and azimuth. Numerical results presented indicate that the anisotropy affect the reflection coetticients significantly in the three dimensional case compared to the two-dimensional case.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [(CH_3CH_2)_4N]_4[(La_(12)(OH)_(12)MoO_(29) )], A Novel Cluster Compound with a MoO_5 Hexahedron Center Surrounded by La-O Octahedron

A novel compound [(CH 3CH 2) 4N] 4[(La 12 (OH) 12 MoO 29 )] was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. The single crystal X ray diffraction shows that the compound crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c ; a =2 5729(4) nm, b =1 4318(1) nm, c =2 1217(4) nm, β =111 56(1)°, V =6 8235(7) nm 3, Z =4, R =0 0751. The basic building blocks of the crystal structure included one MoO 5 hexahedron and twelve LaO 6 octahedra which shared a common edge to form a [(La 12 (OH) 12 MoO 29 )] 4- unit. These units were held together by the [(CH 3CH 2) 4N] + ions.

Synthesis and Molecular Structure of 5-Amino-7-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4,6-dicarbonitrile

The title compound, C18H13N3O2, has been synthesized for the first time by the multicomponent reaction of cyclopentanone, malononitrile and benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carbalde-hyde in the presence of triethylamine. The structure has been determined by NMR, MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system, space group P with a = 10.476（5）, b = 10.973（5）, c = 13.825（5）, α = 87.244（5）, β = 73.296（5）, γ = 82.097（5）°, C18H13N3O2, Mr = 303.31, V = 1507.6（11） 3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.336 g/cm3, F（000） = 632, μ = 0.090 mm-1, R = 0.0431 and wR = 0.1051. There exist intermolecular N-H…N hydrogen bonds in the title compound.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole

The compound 2-（4-chlorophenyl）-1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole（1,C27H19ClN2） has been synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal of 1 belongs to the triclinic system,space group P with a = 10.3350（19）,b = 10.238（2）,c = 11.201（2） ,α = 85.957（16）,β = 83.148（15）,γ = 66.467（15）°,V = 1078.5（4） 3,Mr = 406.89,Z = 2,F（000） = 422,Dc = 1.257 g/cm3,μ = 0.193 mm-1,T = 298（2） K,S = 1.092,R = 0.0702 and wR = 0.1258.The imidazole ring system is planar and makes a dihedral angle of 40.3° with the chlorobenzene ring.

Textures and melt-crystal-gas interactions in granites

Felsic intrusions present ubiquitous structures.They result from the differential interactions between the magma components(crystal,melt,gas phase) while it flows or when the flow is perturbed by a new magma injection.The most obvious structure consists in fabrics caused by the interactions of rotating grains in a flowing viscous melt.New magma inputs through dikes affect the buk massif flow,considered as global within each mineral facies.A review of the deformation and flow types developing in a magma chamber identifis the patterns that could be expected.It determines their controlling parameters and summarizes the tools for their quantification.Similarly,a brief review of the theology of a complex multiphase magma identifies and suggests interactions between the different components.The specific responses each component presents lead to instability development.In particular,the change in vorticity orientation,associated with the switch between monoclinic to triclinic flow is a cause of many instabilities.Those are preferentially local.Illustrations include fabric development,shear zones and flow banding.They depend of the underlying rheology of interacting magmas.Dikes,enclaves,schlieren and ladder dikes result from the interactions between the magma components and changing boundary conditions.Orbicules,pegmatites,unidirectional solidification textures and miarolitic cavities result from the interaction of the melt with a gaseous phase.The illustrations examine what is relevant to the bulk flow,local structures or boundary conditions.In each case a field observation illustrates the instability.The discussion reformulates instability observations,suggesting new trails for ther description and interpretation in terms of local departure to a bulk flow.A brief look at larger structures and at their evolution tries to relate these instabilities on a broader scale.The helical structures of the Ricany pluton,Czech Republic and by the multiple granitic intrusions of Dolbel,Niger illustrate such events.

Structural, Thermal and Optical Studies of Oxypeucedanin Hydrate Monoacetate Micro-Crystals from <i>Prangos pabularia</i>

Oxypeucedanin hydrate monoacetate (Mol. Formula = C18H18O7) micro-crystals were obtained by acetylation of oxy-peucedanin hydrate, a furanocoumarin, isolated from the roots of Prangos pabularia. The composition related structural, thermal and optical properties were investigated. All the crystals were found to have triclinic structure. From thermal studies of these crystals, stability, melting point and other relevant informations were obtained. Their blue emission, less absorption in entire visible range and band gap predicts these crystals as good candidate for modern optoelectronic devices.

Dichroic Electro-Optical Behavior of Rhenium Sulfide Layered Crystal

Dichroic behaviors of layered ReS2 have been characterized using angular dependent polarizedabsorption and resistivity measurements in the van der Waal plane. The angular dependent optical and electrical measurements are carried out with angles ranging from θ= 0°(E || b) to θ= 90°(E ^b) with respect to the layer crystal’s b-axis. The angular de pendence of polarized energy gaps of ReS2 shows a sinusoidal variation of energies from ~1.341 eV (E ||b to ~1.391 eV (E ^ b). The experimental evidence of polarized energy gap leaves ReS2 apotential usage for fabrication of a polarized optical switch suitable for polarized optical communication in nearinfrared (NIR) region. Angular dependence of resistivities of ReS2 in?the vander Waal plane has also been evaluated. The relationship of inplane resistivities shows a sinusoidallike variation from θ= 0°(E ||b) to 90°(E ^ b) and repeated periodically to 360°. The experimental results of optical and electrical measurements indicated that ReS2 is not only an opticaldichroic layer but also an electricaldichroism material presented in the layer plane.

TABLES OF SECOND-RANK ESTIMATED FORMULAS OF STRUCTURE SEMI-INVARIANT IN TRICLINIC AND MONOCLINIC SPACE GROUPS

In this report the second-rank estimated formulas of one phase structure semiinvariants of 15 space groups in triclinic and monoclinic crystal systems are given using the algebraic derivative method. These formulas may be used to determine the phases of structure factors in direct phase determination. The mathematical esti-

The structure and dielectric properties of ionic compounds with flexible ammonium moiety

The 3-morpholin-4-yl-propyl-ammine tetrafluoroborate（MPA^＋）（BF4^-）（1） and the 3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl-ammine perchlorate（MPA^＋）（ClO4^-）（2） were synthesized and separated as colorless block crystal.The（MPA^＋）（BF4^-） undergoes a reversible phase transition at ca.347.3 K with a hysteresis of16.1 K.Dielectric measurement also can confirm the transition.The crystal structure determined at300 K（monoclinic,P21/c,a = 9.978（2）A,b = 7.5206（15）A,c = 15.058（3）A,b = 96.99（3）8,v = 1121.6（4）A^3,z = 4） and 373 K（triclinic,P-1,a = 10.021（7）A,b = 7.662（3）A,c = 7.920（4）A,a = 95.012（14）8,b = 101.67（4）8,g = 91.48（3）8,v = 592.7（6）A^3,z = 2） reveal that this compound has two phase.The most distinct is the BF4^- anion is disorder at 373 K,which is probably the driving force of the phase transition.DSC measurement,dielectric measurement and the crystal structure of the compound 2 did not change at 300 K and 100 K.

STUDY ON β-FORM POLYPROPYLENE

Isotactic polypropylene is capable of crystallizing in several forms. The α or monoclinie form is the most stable and prevalent form. A γ or triclinic modification exists, which is generally associated with high pressure crystallization. A third crystalline modification, the β or hexagonal form, is occasionally found in commercial polypropylene, usually at low levels. Work by H. J. Leugering has shown that small amounts of a quinacridone colorant, permanent red E3B, preferentially nucleated

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF GOSSYPOL ACETIC ACID

Gossypol acetic acid (C30H34O8-CH3COOH) is a contraceptive drug for man, which is being investigated clinically and pharmacologically at present in our country. The crystal structure of gossypol acetic acid has been determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. Single crystal of gossypol acetic acid was obtained from acetone-acetic acid solution. According to X-ray diffraction photographs, the crystal is found to be triclinic with crystallographic parameters α=14.278, b=6.924, c=14.406; α=91.90°, β=92.34°, γ=98.71°and Z=2. The calculated density D=1.350 gcm-3, M. W.=578.

CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF A CRYPTATE COMPLEX OF EUROPIUM: C_(18)H_(36)O_6N_2Eu_2(NO_3)_6·H_2O

For their special coordination function, cryptate compounds will play an important part in such fields as bionics, biophysics, medicine and pesticide. But, very few research results have been reported so far on lanthanide cryptate compounds, of which only 3 structures have been determined.

SYNTHESIS OF [Li.3DME] [(η~5-C_5H_5)~3NdC_6H^5]

The phenyl derivatives of lanthanides Sc（C6H5）3, Y（C6H5）3, LiLa （C6H5）4 and LiPr（C6H5）4 were prepared by Hart et al. in 1970, and dis（cyclopentadienyl） phenyl complexes of lanthanides have been isolated recently. We reported here the synthesis and crystallography parameters of a new type of phenyl derivative of neodymium:

DETERMINATION AND REFINEMENT OF THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CHAIDAMUITE

Chaidamuite (ZnFe(SO_4)_2(OH). 4H_2O), which is a new sulphate mineral, belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1, with the cell parameters corrected by the least-squares method: a=7.309(2), b=7.202(2), c=9.691(3), α=89.64(3), β=105.89(3), γ=91.11(2)°, Z=2. The crystal structure has been determined by the Patterson method and Fourier syntheses and refined by the full-matrix least-squares method to an R factor of 0.032, using 2833 independent reflections. In the structure, a zigzag chain consists of [Fe(1)O_5(OH)] and [Fe(2)O_5(OH)] octahedra sharing the OH corners, and an octahedral-tetrahedral chain running parallel to the b axis consists of the zigzag chain of Fe octahedra and (SO_4) tetrahedra sharing four pairs of octahedral corners on either side of the zigzag chains. These chains are cross-linked by the isolated [Zn(1)O_2(H_2O)_4] and [Zn(2)O_2(H_2O)_4] octahedra into corrugated sheets parallel to the (100) plane. Adjacent sheets are hydrogenbonded through water molecules.

Hydrazine processed Cu2SnS3 thin film and their application for photovoltaic devices

Copper tin sulfide （Cu2SnS3） was a potential earth abundant absorber material for photovoltaic device application. In this contribution, triclinic Cu2SnS3 film with phase pure composition and large grain size was fabricated from a hydrazine solution process using Cu, Sn and S as the precursors. Absorption measurement revealed this Cu2SnS3 film had a direct optical band gap of 0.88 eV, and Hall effect measurement indicated the film was p-type with hole mobility of 0.86 cmE/Vs. Finally Mo/Cu2SnS3/ CdS/ZnO/AZO/Au was produced and the best device efficiency achieved was 0.78%. Also, this device showed improved device performance during ambient storage. This study laid some foundation for the further improve- ment of Cu2SnS3 solar cell.