Impact of triglyceride-glucose index on the long-term prognosis of advanced gastric cancer patients receiving immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of death worldwide.Despite advancements in immunotherapies,patient prognosis remains poor,necessitating the identification of key prognostic factors to optimize the treatment approaches.Insulin resistance,as indicated by the triglyceride glucose(TyG)index,is increasingly recognized for its impact on cancer progression and immune modulation,and its potential role in GC prognosis is of particular interest.AIM To investigate whether the TyG index,a surrogate marker of insulin resistance,can predict the prognosis of patients with advanced GC receiving immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy.METHODS This retrospective study included 300 patients with advanced GC who received sintilimab combined with chemotherapy.The patients were categorized into two groups according to high or low TyG index,and independent prognostic factors for overall survival(OS)were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis,which led to the development of a nomogram model.RESULTS Of the included patients,136 had a high TyG index and 164 had a low TyG index.The median progression-free survival of the high TyG index group was significantly longer than that of the low TyG index group.Similarly,the median OS of the high TyG index group was significantly longer than that of the low TyG index group.The ob-jective response and disease control rates in the two groups were 18.38%vs 9.15%and 58.82%vs 46.95%,res-pectively.No significant difference was noted in the incidence of adverse reactions at any level between the two groups(P>0.05).In multivariate analysis,the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score,programmed cell death ligand 1 expression,and TyG index acted as independent prognostic factors for OS.Of these factors,the hazard ratio of the TyG index was 0.36(95%confidence interval:0.36-0.55,P<0.001),and the nomogram model re-emphasized its importance as the main predictor of patient prognosis,followed by programmed cell death ligand 1 expression and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score.CONCLUSION The TyG index is a long-term predictor of the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy,and patients with a high index have a better prognosis.

Cross-sectional study of the association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and obstructive sleep apnea risk

BACKGROUND The triglyceride glucose-body mass index(TyG-BMI)is a novel indicator of insulin resistance(IR).Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a prevalent disorder characterized by recurrent complete or partial collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep;however,the relationship between these two conditions remains unexplored.We hypothesized that a higher TyG-BMI is associated with the occurrence of OSA.AIM To assess the association between TyG-BMI and OSA in adults in the United States.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys spanning from 2005-2008 to 2015-2018.TyGBMI was calculated as Ln[triglyceride(mg/dL)×fasting blood glucose(mg/dL)/2]×BMI.Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the risk of TyG-BMI and OSA occurrence.To identify potential nonlinear relationships,we combined Cox proportional hazard regression with smooth curve fitting.We also conducted sensitivity and subgroup analyses to verify the robustness of our findings.RESULTS We included 16794 participants in the final analysis.Multivariate regression analysis showed that participants with a higher TyG-BMI had a higher OSA incidence.After adjusting for all covariates,TyG-BMI was positively correlated with the prevalence of OSA(odds ratio:1.28;95%confidence interval:1.17,1.40;P<0.001);no significant nonlinear relationship was observed.Subgroup analysis showed no strong correlation between TyG-BMI and OSA in patients with diabetes.The correlation between TyG-BMI and OSA was influenced by age,sex,smoking status,marital status,hypertensive stratification,and obesity;these subgroups played a moderating role between TyGBMI and OSA.Even after adjusting for all covariates,there was a positive association between TYG-BMI and OSA prevalence.CONCLUSION A higher TyG-BMI index is linked to higher chances of developing OSA.As TyG-BMI is an indicator of IR,managing IR may help reduce the risk of OSA.

Chaiqin Chengqi Decoction as an adjuvant treatment for mild/moderately severe hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis: A retrospective study

Hypertriglyceridemia is the third leading cause of acute pancreatitis(AP),and its incidence is increasing.Due to its relatively insidious etiology,it is easy to be ignored in the early stages.In China,Chaiqin Chengqi Decoction(CQCQD)has long been employed for treating AP.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of CQCQD in patients diagnosed with mild/moderately severe hypertriglyceridemic AP(HTG-AP).METHODS In this study,the clinical data of 39 patients with HTG-AP admitted from January 2019 to November 2022 were collected.The changes of blood lipids,gastrointestinal symptoms,and abdominal pain before and after treatment were analyzed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS Twenty patients were treated with the conventional HTG-AP regimen,and 19 patients were additionally treated with CQCQD.After receiving treatment,the triglycerides(TG)level of the CQCQD group was lower than that of the CQCQD group(3.14±0.25 mmol/L vs 4.96±0.47 mmol/L,P<0.01).After 3 d of treatment,the patients in the CQCQD group had more bowel movements than the control group(2.51±0.25 times vs 1.00±0.17 times,P=0.01).The gastrointestinal function of most patients returned to normal,and the acute gastrointestinal injury score was significantly lower than that of the control group(0.11±0.07 vs 0.42±0.11,P<0.01).CONCLUSION In patients with HTG-AP,CQCQD can significantly reduce the TG level,shorten the recovery time of defecation,significantly improve the gastrointestinal function.

Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary d-Allulose and Medium-Chain Triglycerides in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

d-Allulose, a rare sugar, exerts anti-obesity effects by inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis and promoting energy expenditure. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) consist of three medium-chain fatty acids connected by glycerol. MCTs have been extensively investigated for their ability to reduce body fat accumulation. We previously investigated the anti-obesity effects of a combination of dietary d-allulose and MCT (5% - 13%) in rats;however, we could not confirm the anti-obesity effects of MCT or observed synergetic effects between d-allulose and MCT on body fat loss. We speculated that our previous studies were influenced by the excessive amount of MCT in the diets. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of the simultaneous intake of d-allulose and MCT in rats fed an obesity-inducing high-fat diet with a low amount of MCTs (2%). Thirty-two male Wistar rats (3-week-old) were randomly divided into four groups: control, d-allulose, MCT, and d-allulose + MCT groups. Rats in each group were fed ad libitum on a control (no d-Allulose or MCT), 5% d-allulose, 2% MCT, or 5% d-allulose + 2% MCT diets for 16 weeks. Abdominal adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in the d-allulose diet group than in the control group, whereas no differences were observed between results of the MCT-supplemented groups. The total body fat mass was significantly lower in the d-allulose and MCT diet groups than in the control group, but no differences were observed between the MCT-supplemented groups. These results suggested that anti-obesity effects of dietary d-allulose were observed, and the effects of dietary MCTs were weaker than those of d-allulose. Moreover, we confirmed the interaction between dietary d-allulose and MCT on indicators of obesity. Interestingly, their effects were not synergistic, as MCT supplementation offset the anti-obesity effects of dietary d-allulose. However, the specific mechanisms underlying those effects remain unknown, warranting further investigation.

Progress of Triglyceride Glucose Index in Lesion Severity and Prognosis of Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background: In response to the escalating burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide, exacerbated by lifestyle changes and socioeconomic shifts, acute coronary syndromes (ACS) stand out as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The pivotal role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, independent of traditional risk factors, has garnered significant interest. Objective: This review aims to synthesize the recent advancements in the utilization of the triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) as a biomarker for assessing the severity and predicting the prognosis of ACS lesions. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, incorporating keywords such as “triglyceride glucose index”, “TyG index”, “acute coronary syndrome”, “cardiovascular disease”, “insulin resistance”, “coronary artery calcification”, “SYNTAX score”, “Gensini score”, and “major adverse cardiac events”. Studies were included from the inception of each database up to July 2024. Selection criteria encompassed observational studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials, with a particular emphasis on evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic value of the TyG index in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Ultimately, 46 publications met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed in accordance with established guidelines. Results: Evidence suggests that the TyG index, reflecting insulin resistance, blood glucose, and lipid levels, is significantly associated with lesion severity in ACS, including coronary artery calcification, SYNTAX score, and Gensini score. Moreover, it demonstrates predictive power for major adverse cardiovascular events, underscoring its potential as a valuable tool in clinical decision-making. Conclusion: The review highlights the emerging role of the TyG index in the assessment and prognosis of ACS, advocating for its incorporation into clinical practice as a complement to existing diagnostic modalities. However, the establishment of standardized reference ranges and further validation across diverse populations are warranted to refine its applicability in personalized medicine. The interdisciplinary approach is essential to advance our understanding of the complex interplay between insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, paving the way for the development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies.

On the Impairment of Stress-Induced Changes in Triglyceride Levels via a Sub-Toxic Dose of Unmethylated Cytidine Phosphate Guanosine Oligodinucleotide (a Toll-Like Receptor 9 Ligand)

Changes in lipid metabolism have been implicated in protection against infectious diseases. In the first experiment of this study, we measured clinical lipid parameters in a murine model where the unmethylated cytidine phosphate guanosine (CpG) oligodinucleotide (ODN1826), a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist was administered in combination with D-galactosamine (GalN) that caused relatively liver-specific inflammation and toxicity. In the control mice group injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (acute psychological stress model associated with blood sampling), the serum triglyceride (TG) levels showed a rapid decrease followed by a rebound at 24 h as we have recently reported. However, such a TG rebound was impaired in the CpG/GalN- and solely CpG-treated groups of mice despite an absence of liver injury based on serum alanine aminotransferase levels in the latter group. Thus, the stress-associated serum TG rebound was abrogated by the injection of a sub-hepatotoxic CpG dose. In the second experiment, we simply measured the hepatic CD36 and SACRB1 (the gene for scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1)) transcripts after the i.p. administration of PBS, CpG or CpG/GalN. There was a remarkable elevation of hepatic CD36 transcript expression in both the CpG- and CpG/GalN-treated mice at 8 h post-CpG injection whereas the increase in the PBS-treated mice was slower than the former two groups, suggesting that hepatic CD36 transcript expression is more pronounced in the combined stress models than under psychological stress alone. The individual mice data showed that the increase in CD36 expression was accompanied by a reduction in SCARB1 mRNA, showing reciprocal regulation between these two genes. Together with our previously reported findings, these data suggest that, in a murine model combining psychological stress with TLR-triggered hepatic inflammation, the psychological stress facilitates liver uptake of plasma TG (and its components fatty acids), but the subsequent re-esterification and/or release of TG-rich lipoproteins from the liver is impaired due to the concomitant TLR-signaling. We hypothesize that lipid metabolism during acute stress shifts toward an elevated hepatic uptake of lipids due to concomitant TLR signaling, facilitating the clearance of bacterial lipids by the liver.

Chemical structures,analytical approaches and toxicological effects of oxidative derivatives of triglycerides as potential hazards in lipid thermal processing:A review

There is an increasing attention on oxidative derivatives of triglycerides,a group of potential thermal processing induced food toxicants,which are formed during the thermal processing of food lipids.This review aims to summarize current knowledge about their formation mechanisms,detection approaches,and toxicology impacts.Oxidative derivatives of triglycerides are generated through the oxidation,cyclization,polymerization,and hydrolysis of triglycerides under high-temperature and abundant oxygen.The analytical techniques,including GC,HPSEC,MS,^(1)H-NMR were discussed in analyzing these components.In addition,their toxic effects on human health,including effects on the liver,intestines,cardiovascular system,immune system,and metabolism were elucidated.Information in this review could be used to improve the understanding of oxidative derivatives of triglycerides and ultimately improve academic and industrial strategies for eliminating these compounds in thermal processing food systems.

Assessment of the triglyceride glucose index in adult patients with chronic diarrhea and constipation

BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance(IR).However,the link between two of the most prevalent bowel disorders,chronic diarrhea and constipation,and the triglyceride glucose(TyG)index,a marker of IR,has not yet been investigated.AIM To investigate the potential association between TyG and the incidence of chronic diarrhea and constipation.METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 2400 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 2009-2010.TyG was used as an exposure variable,with chronic diarrhea and constipation as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale used as the outcome variables.A demographic investigation based on TyG quartile subgroups was performed.The application of multivariate logistic regression models and weighted generalized additive models revealed potential correlations between TyG,chronic diarrhea,and constipation.Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the stability of any potential associations.RESULTS In the chosen sample,chronic diarrhea had a prevalence of 8.00%,while chronic constipation had a prevalence of 8.04%.In multiple logistic regression,a more prominent positive association was found between TyG and chronic diarrhea,particularly in model 1(OR=1.45;95%CI:1.17-1.79,P=0.0007)and model 2(OR=1.40;95%CI:1.12-1.76,P=0.0033).No definite association was observed between the TyG levels and chronic constipation.The weighted generalized additive model findings suggested a more substantial positive association with chronic diarrhea when TyG was less than 9.63(OR=1.89;95%CI:1.05-3.41,P=0.0344),and another positive association with chronic constipation when it was greater than 8.2(OR=1.74;95%CI:1.02-2.95,P=0.0415).The results of the subgroup analyses further strengthen the extrapolation of these results to a wide range of populations.CONCLUSION Higher TyG levels were positively associated with abnormal bowel health.

超高压协同TG酶改性蛋清蛋白热诱导凝胶机理

为提高蛋清蛋白凝胶性,本研究以蛋清蛋白(Egg white protein,EWP)为研究对象,通过分析质构、持水率、分子作用力、傅里叶红外色谱、圆二色谱、粒径、电位、巯基含量、表面疏水力及扫描电镜的变化,探究超高压处理(Ultra-high pressure,UHP)、谷氨酰胺转胺酶处理(Transglutaminase,TG)及超高压协同TG酶处理(Ultra-high pressure synergistic Transglutaminase,UTG)的蛋清蛋白热诱导凝胶机理及结构的变化。结果表明:UHP-EWP、TG-EWP、UTG-EWP的硬度、弹性和持水性均有所提高,疏水相互作用力是维持凝胶的主要作用力;UHP-EWP、TG-EWP、UTG-EWP的α-螺旋含量均不同程度下降、β-折叠含量均上升;UHP-EWP的平均粒径值下降、电位绝对值下降,TG-EWP、UTG-EWP的变化与之相反;UHP-EWP、TG-EWP、UTG-EWP的游离巯基含量上升、总巯基含量下降、表面疏水性升高;凝胶结构更加致密光滑,平整度提高。本研究为蛋清蛋白热诱导凝胶改性提供了理论基础及研究思路。

肝细胞癌超声特征与病情严重程度及抑癌基因PTEN和Tg737表达的关系探究

目的探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)超声特征与病情严重程度及抑癌基因PTEN和Tg737表达的关系。方法选取2022年1月至2023年1月于我院确诊为HCC的患者102例作为HCC组,本院体检健康的70例志愿者作为健康组。对比两组超声造影参数[达峰时间(TIP)、峰值强度(PI)水平],采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测肝细胞癌患者组织中PTEN、Tg737基因的表达,探讨HCC患者超声特征与病情严重程度、超声特征与抑癌基因PTEN、Tg737的关系。结果HCC组患者TTP小于健康组(P<0.05),PI水平大于健康组(P<0.05)。102例HCC患者中早期组42例,晚期组60例。早期组患者TTP大于晚期组(P<0.05),PI水平小于晚期组(P<0.05)。对比两组超声征象,结果显示:肿瘤最大直径、肿瘤边缘、肿瘤内部液化情况、肿瘤门脉内癌栓情况、肿瘤血供及淋巴结转移均与HCC患者病情严重程度密切相关(P<0.05),肿瘤的不同回声类型与HCC患者病情严重程度无明显关联(P>0.05)。早期组患者PTEN、Tg737均高于晚期组(P<0.05)。肿瘤最大直径≤3 cm、肿瘤边缘清晰、肿瘤内部液化坏死、肿瘤血供丰富HCC患者抑癌基因PTEN、Tg737表达水平均较高(P<0.05),肿瘤门脉内有癌栓、淋巴结转移患者抑癌基因PTEN、Tg737表达水平均低于肿瘤门脉内无癌栓、淋巴结未转移患者(P<0.05),不同肿瘤回声类型HCC患者抑癌基因PTEN、Tg737表达水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论超声特征与HCC患者病情严重程度、抑癌基因PTEN、Tg737表达水平之间有一定的关系,检测超声造影参数对诊断和评估HCC患者病情有一定的临床价值。

Mechanisms of intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation

Hepatic steatosis defined as lipid accumulation in hepatocytes is very frequently found in adults and obese adolescents in the Western World. Etiologically, obesity and associated insulin resistance or excess alcohol intake are the most frequent causes of hepatic steatosis. However, steatosis also often occurs with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection and is also found in rare but potentially life-threatening liver diseases of pregnancy. Clinical significance and outcome of hepatic triglyceride accumulation are highly dependent on etiology and histological pattern of steatosis. This review summarizes current concepts of pathophysiology of common causes of hepatic steatosis, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic HCV infections, drug-induced forms of hepatic steatosis, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Regarding the pathophysiology of NAFLD, this work focuses on the close correlation between insulin resistance and hepatic triglyceride accumulation, highlighting the potential harmful effects of systemic insulin resistance on hepatic metabolism of fatty acids on the one side and the role of lipid intermediates on insulin signalling on the other side. Current studies on lipid droplet morphogenesis have identified novel candidate proteins and enzymes in NAFLD.

基于美国医学物理学家协会TG119报告的TaiChi加速器质量控制体系建立研究

目的:依据美国医学物理学家协会(AAPM)TG119号报告测试方法和项目对TaiChi加速器在RayStation治疗计划系统(简称RayStation系统)中的建模数据模型进行测试评估。方法:在治疗计划系统中按AAPM TG119号报告要求设计模拟多靶区、前列腺靶区、头颈靶区、容易型C形靶区计划和困难型C形靶区计划等不同临床情况测试病例的调强放射治疗(IMRT)和容积旋转调强放射治疗(VMAT)计划,测量两种计划中点剂量和面积量偏差,并将测试结果与AAPM TG119报告中推荐的标准进行对比分析。使用IBA CC13电离室和ArcCHECK矩阵电离室分别对点剂量和面剂量进行验证,评估标准为3%/3mm的γ通过率。采用置信度评判测量剂量与计算剂量的一致性。结果:测试病例计划剂量目标、点剂量偏差及面剂量分布准确性均满足报告要求:测试病例IMRT和VMAT计划的靶区高剂量点平均剂量偏差分别为(0.39±1.02)%和(1.27±0.64)%,置信度分别为2.39%和2.52%。IMRT和VMAT计划的危及器官(OAR)低剂量点平均剂量偏差分别为(0.53±1.73)%和(0.88±1.11)%,置信度分别为3.92%和3.06%。IMRT和VMAT计划3%/3mm标准下的平均γ通过率分别为(99.52±0.366)%和(99.86±0.136)%,置信度分别为1.196%和0.406%。结论:TaiChi加速器性能和Raystation系统6MV FFF模型拟合精度满足AAPM TG119号报告标准,依据此测试结果建立后续设备和患者质控的标准,并为后续加速器性能的改进提供了参考。

Mechanisms of triglyceride metabolism in patients with bile acid diarrhea

Bile acids(BAs) are essential for the absorption of lipids. BA synthesis is inhibited through intestinal farnesoid X receptor(FXR) activity. BA sequestration is known to influence BA metabolism and control serum lipid concentrations. Animal data has demonstrated a regulatory role for the FXR in triglyceride metabolism. FXR inhibits hepatic lipogenesis by inhibiting the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c via small heterodimer primer activity. Conversely, FXR promotes free fatty acids oxidation by inducing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. FXR can reduce the expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, which regulates the assembly of very low-density lipoproteins(VLDL). FXR activation in turn promotes the clearance of circulating triglycerides by inducing apolipoprotein C-Ⅱ, very low-density lipoproteins receptor(VLDL-R) and the expression of Syndecan-1 together with the repression of apolipoprotein C-Ⅲ, which increases lipoprotein lipase activity. There is currently minimal clinical data on triglyceride metabolism in patients with bile acid diarrhoea(BAD). Emerging data suggests that a third of patients with BAD have hypertriglyceridemia. Further research is required to establish the risk of hypertriglyceridaemia in patients with BAD and elicit the mechanisms behind this, allowing for targeted treatment.

Medium-Chain Triglyceride Activated Brown Adipose Tissue and Induced Reduction of Fat Mass in C57BL/6J Mice Fed High-fat Diet

Objective To investigate activation of brown adipose tissue （BAT） stimulated by medium-chain triglyceride （MCT）. Methods 30 Male C57BL/6J obese mice induced by fed high fat diet （HFD） were divided into 2 groups, and fed another HFD with 2% MCT or long-chain triglyceride （LCT） respectively for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood biochemical variables, interscapular brown fat tissue （IBAT） mass, expressions of mRNA and protein of beta 3-adrenergic receptors （β3-AR）, uncoupling protein-1 （UCP1）, hormone sensitive lipase （HSL）, protein kinase A （PKA）, and adipose triglyceride lipase （ATGL） in IBAT were measured. Results Significant decrease in body weight and body fat mass was observed in MCT group as compared with LCT group （P〈O.05） after 12 weeks. Greater increases in IBAT mass was observed in MCT group than in LCT group （P〈O.05）. Blood TG, TC, LDL-C in MCT group were decreased significantly, meanwhile blood HDL-C, ratio of HDL-C/LDL-C and norepinephrine were increased markedly. Expressions of mRNA and protein of β3-AR, UCP1, PKA, HSL, ATGL in BAT were greater in MCT group than in LCT group （P〈O.05）. Conclusion Our results suggest that MCT stimulated the activation of BAT, possible via norepinephrine pathway, which might partially contribute to reduction of the body fat mass in obese mice fed high fat diet.

The Ability of Baseline Triglycerides and Total Cholesterol Concentrations to Predict Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Men and Women:A Longitudinal Study in Qingdao, China

Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the association between triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC)at baseline,and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)incidence in a general Chinese population.Further,it aimed to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to predict T2DM incidence.Methods Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program participants recruited between 2006 and 2009 were followed up in 2012–2015.TG,TC,and T2DM status were measured.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between TG,TC,and T2DM incidence.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to identify T2DM participants.Results The incidence of T2DM significantly increased with TG in women and TC in both men and women(Ptrend<0.05).Univariate Cox regression indicated that higher TG{borderline high TG[hazards ratio(HR):2.05;95%confidence interval(CI):1.40,3.00]and hypertriglyceridemia[HR:2.64;95%CI:1.68,4.15]}and TC[hypercholesterolemia(HR:2.05;95%CI:1.43,2.95)]were significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM incidence in women but not in men.Multivariate Cox regression showed that hypertriglyceridemia in women(HR:1.78,95%CI:1.07,2.97),borderline high TC in men(HR:1.61,95%CI:1.04,2.48),and hypercholesterolemia in women(HR:1.68,95%CI:1.81,2.61)had a higher significant risk of T2DM incidence.The optimal cutoff values of TG were>1.15 and>1.23 mmol/L in men and women,respectively.For TC,they were>5.17 and>5.77 mmol/L in men and women,respectively.The area under the ROCs of TG and TC were 0.54(0.51–0.57)and 0.55(0.52–0.58),respectively,in men,and 0.60(0.58–0.62)and 0.59(0.56–0.61),respectively,in women.Conclusion Elevated TG and TC were risk factors for T2DM incidence.However,no predictive capacity was found for both factors to identify T2DM incidence in Chinese men and women.Hence,TG and TC levels in both Chinese men and women might be used for decreasing the incidence of T2DM but no clinical predictive capacity for T2DM.

Triglyceride glucose index for predicting cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease

Background Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a novel marker for metabolic disorders, and recently it has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in apparently healthy individuals.However the prognostic value of TyG index in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is not determined.

Hypertriglyceridemia is positively correlated with the development of colorectal tubular adenoma in Japanese men

AIM： To determine the real association between serum lipid levels and colonic polyp formation. METHODS： We performed a large scale retrospective study to analyze the correlation between the incidence of colorectal adenoma or carcinoma and the fasting serum levels of total cholesterol （TC） and triglycerides （TG） in patients who underwent total colonoscopy for screening for colon cancer. RESULTS： Both levels were significantly elevated in patients with adenomas as compared with patients without any neoplastic lesion （TC 207.6 ± 29.5 vs 199.5 ±34.3, n= 4883, p〈 0.001; TG 135.0 ± 82.2 vs 108.7± 71.5, n= 4874, p〈 0.001）. The difference was significant in patients with tubular adenoma but not in those with villous or serrated adenoma. Multiple logistic regression analysis including age and sex revealed that TG was an independent correlation factor in male （p〈0.01）, but not in female patients. The level of TG in patients with invasive carcinoma did not show a significant elevation from that in patients with adenoma. These findings suggest that hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor for colonic adenoma in men. CONCLUSION： Although a high level of serum triglyceride does not appear to be mechanically involved in the development of carcinoma, reduction of serum TG and intensive surveillance with total colonoscopy may have benefit in men with hypertriglyceridemia.

Long-Term Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Bound Phospholipids and the Combination of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Bound Triglyceride and Egg Yolk Phospholipid on Lipid Metabolism in Mice

The bioavailability of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) depends on their chemical forms. This study investigated the long-term effects of DHA-bound triglyceride(TG-DHA), DHA-bound phospholipid(PL-DHA), and the combination of TG-DHA and egg yolk phospholipid(Egg-PL) on lipid metabolism in mice fed with a high-fat diet(fat levels of 22.5%). Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with different formulations containing 0.5% DHA, including TG-DHA, PL-DHA, and the combination of TG-DHA and Egg-PL, for 6 weeks. Serum, hepatic, and cerebral lipid concentrations and the fatty acid compositions of the liver and brain were determined. The concentrations of serum total triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c), and hepatic TG in the PL-DHA group and the combination group were significantly lower than those in the high-fat(HF) group(P < 0.05). Atherogenic index(AI) of the PL-DHA group was significantly lower than that of the combination group(P < 0.05). Hepatic TC level in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the HF group(P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the combination group and the PL-DHA group. Both the PL-DHA and the combination groups showed significantly increased DHA levels in the liver compared with the HF group(P < 0.05). However, there were no obvious increases in the cerebral DHA levels in all DHA diet groups. These results suggest that PL-DHA was superior to the combination of TG-DHA and Egg-PL in decreasing the AI. Long-term dietary supplementation with low amount of DHA(0.5%) may improve hepatic DHA levels, although cerebral DHA levels may not be enhanced.

Tradeoff between triglyceride consumption and ovariole development in Plutella xylostella(L.) released in mixed-host environments

After exposure to mixed environments with multiple hosts, the frequency of flight take-offs for Plutella xylostella(L.) is known to increase with a concomitant decrease in female fecundity. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the physiological mechanism underlying the increased flight activity and decreased fecundity of P. xylostella in mixed-host environments. We measured ovariole length, and triglyceride and vitellogenin(Vg) content in P. xylostella females after they were released into different host environments consisting of either a single host(Brassica campestris, Brassica oleracea or Brassica juncea) or a mixture of all three hosts. Our results indicated that ovariole length varied significantly between female adults from different host environments. Females from the B. campestris environment had the longest ovarioles, whereas those from the mixed environment had the shortest ones. A negative correlation was found between ovariole length and the flight take-off frequency of P. xylostella adults. Additionally, there were significant differences in the triglyceride content of P. xylostella females from different host environments. Our data revealed that more triglyceride was consumed by P. xylostella female adults from B. oleracea and the mixed environments than those from environments containing only B. campestris or B. juncea. In contrast, the relative Vg content in P. xylostella females from the mixed environment was lower than that in females from the B. campestris-, B. juncea-or B. oleracea-only environments. In conclusion, the mixed environment caused increased consumption of available energy resources(triglyceride) at the cost of retarding ovarian development and decreasing the amount of Vg produced.

Diagnostic evaluation of acute pancreatitis in two patients with hypertriglyceridemia

We present two diagnostically challenging cases of acute pancreatitis with hypertriglyceridemia accompanied with chylomicronemia caused with a deficiency of lipoprotein lipase and with the presence of type Ⅴ hyperlipidemia. Both cases suffered from acute abdomen following the ingestion of fatty food and revealed the increase in parameters of inflammation without significant elevation of serum amylase levels.The imaging examination of ultrasonography could not detect significant findings of acute pancreatitis and a computer tomography scan eventually confirmed the findings of acute pancreatitis.Both cases responded to a low fat diet and administration of a cholecystokinin receptor antagonist,exhibiting a relief of abdominal symptoms.As in the present cases with acute abdomen following the ingestion of fatty food,the identification of serum hypertriglyceridemia and an abdominal computer tomography scan might be useful in establishing the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and in developing the therapeutic regimen,when hypertriglyceridemia interferes with the evaluation of pancreatic enzyme activities and ultrasound examination provides poor pancreatic visualization.