Trimming在自行车锁创新设计中的应用研究

为了得到一种新型自行车锁,采用TRIZ理论进行自行车的一系列功能分析,了解自行车锁的有用功能,得出自行车各个主要组件的功能得分,再运用Trimming得出其他组件执行阻止自行车锁转动功能的方案,最终设计出一种新型自行车脚蹬子锁。选取一款普通自行车作为实验对象,通过测量现有自行车的脚蹬子来确定所设计的新型脚蹬子锁的结构,加工出模型装配在该自行车上。经过实践分析,证明该脚蹬子锁能实现锁车的功能。

Precision Balance Method for Cupped Wave Gyro Based on Cup-bottom Trimming

The mechanical balance process is the key process to eliminate the quadrature error and improve the performance of the cupped wave gyro. The conventional mechanical balance method for cupped wave gyro based on cup-wall trimming requires high control accuracy of trimming quantity, which increases the production cost and decreases the fabrication efficiency in large extent. However, it is hard to reach the high balance accuracy with the natural frequency split of mHz grade by using the conventional method. In this paper, the lumped mass dynamic model of the cupped wave gyro is built by discretization method, and the effects of different position trimming on the natural frequency are analyzed. It is pointed out that trimming off a tiny quantity of material from cup-wall causes large variation of the natural frequency is the main reason for the low accuracy of the conventional mechanical balance method. Then, a precision balance method for cupped wave gyro based on cup-bottom trimming is presented and the entire procedures of this method are given. The static balance process and dynamic balance process of the precision balance method are simulated by the finite element software. The simulation result shows that the precision balance method based on cup-bottom trimming brings less additional natural frequency split in the static balance process, minimizes the natural frequency split to mHz grade and rectify the angle of mode offset to 0.1° grade in the dynamic balance process, furthermore, the method decreases the requirement for control accuracy of trimming quantity evidently. The research work provides references for structure optimization design and balance process plan of the cupped wave gyro.

Suppressing the mechanical quadrature error of a quartz double-H gyroscope through laser trimming

In this paper, we introduce a z-axis quartz gyroscope using a double-H tuning fork, which has a high sensitivity. However, it also causes a large mechanical quadrature error. The laser trimming method is used to suppress this error at quartz level. The trimming law is obtained through the finite element method （FEM）. A femtosecond laser processing system is used to trim the gold balancing masses on the beams, and experimental results are basically consistent with the simulated ones. The mechanical quadrature error is suppressed by 96%, from 26.3° s-1 to 1.1° s-1. Nonlinearity changes from 1.48% to 0.30%, angular random walk （ARW） is reduced from 2.19° h-1/2 to 1.42° h-1/2, and bias instability is improved by a factor of 7.7, from 197.6° h-1 to 25.4° h-1.

QUANTITATIVE PREDICTION FOR SPRINGBACK OF UNLOADING AND TRIMMING IN SHEET METAL STAMPING FORMING

Based on the elastic-plastic large deformation finite element formulation as well as the shell element combined discrete Kirchhoff theoretical plate element (DKT) with membrane square element, deep-drawing bending springback of typical U-pattern is studied. At the same time the springback values of the drawing of patterns' unloading and trimming about the satellite aerial reflecting surface are predicted and also compared with those of the practical punch. Above two springbacks all obtain satisfactory results, which provide a kind of effective quantitative pre-prediction of springback for the practical engineers.

Endoscopic removal and trimming of distal self-expandable metallic biliary stents

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic removal and trimming of self-expandable metallic stents(SEMS).METHODS:All SEMS had been placed for distal biliary strictures.Twenty-seven endoscopic procedures were performed in 19 patients in whom SEMS(one uncovered and 18 covered) removal had been attempted,and 8 patients in whom stent trimming using argon plasma coagulation(APC) had been attempted at Tokyo Medical University Hospital.The APC settings were:voltage 60-80 W and gas flow at 1.5 L/min.RESULTS:The mean stent indwelling period for all patients in whom stent removal had been attempted was 113.7 ± 77.6 d(range,8-280 d).Of the 19 patients in whom removal of the SEMS had been attempted,the procedure was successful in 14(73.7%) without procedure-related adverse events.The indwelling period in the stent removable group was shorter than that in the unremovable group(94.9 ± 71.5 d vs 166.2 ± 76.2 d,P = 0.08).Stent trimming was successful for all patients with one minor adverse event consisting of self-limited hemorrhage.Trimming time ranged from 11 to 16 min.CONCLUSION:Although further investigations on larger numbers of cases are necessary to accumulate evidence,the present data suggested that stent removal and stent trimming is feasible and effective for stent-related complications.

基于TRIZ理论的Trimming裁剪方法的产品优化设计

创新方法 TRIZ理论中的Trimming裁剪方法是按照功能分析的结果,对技术系统中各组件进行价值分析,找出价值最低的组件,实施系统裁剪,以达到降低成本、提高技术系统理想度的目的。通过掌握Trimming的几种裁剪方法,工程师可较容易地在产品优化设计上找到明确的方向。文中以实际测试中提高转速传感器支架的安置效率为例,介绍Trimming对工程师在思路创新上的启发。

Effect of Beak Trimming Stress on the Apoptosis and Its Related Protein Expression of Chicken Spleen

Beak trimming was a part of routine husbandry for poultry industry,which was the most efficient and economic way to reduce the incidence of cannibalism.However,the controversy about young chicken trimming still exits and it was drawing more concern recently along with the popular of animal behavior and welfare theory.To evaluate the influence of beak trimming on young chicken spleen development and find the key regulators of the spleen development,in this study,the electron microscope technique,flow cytometry and immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the effects of beak trimming stress on the spleen development.The result of electronic microscope showed that significant stress response could be found in chicken spleen cells after beak trimming.Cell volume became larger,chromatin of cell nuclear agglutinated conglobation,cytoplasm formed more vacuole,and mitochondria emerged vacuolization phenomenon in splenic lymphocyte after beak trimming.From the flow cytometry,the lymphocyte of spleen in the control group and experimental group were mainly in G1 phase,and the remaining small amount was in S and M phases.Of interest,the number of the lymphocyte which are in G1 phase within immune organ in the experimental group were more than that in the control group,but the number of cells in S and M phases were less than that in the control group.And beak trimming decreased the lymphocytes proliferation index of spleen.Inmmuohistochemical result showed that the beak trimming stress did not affect the expression sites of two apoptosis-related genes,Bcl-2 and Bax,in the spleen.But the expression level of Bcl-2 decreased while Bax increased in chicken immune organs after beak trimming.Furthermore,the beak trimming increased spleen cell apoptosis with a time-dependant style.Our findings may make a contribution to the active precaution of stress response.

基于NVM修复的模拟电路Trimming技术

模拟电路Trimming技术用于改善工艺波动及版图失配带来的影响,提高电路精度,改善电路性能。介绍了Trimming对于芯片电路设计的意义,基于非易失性存储器(NVM)进行Trim-ming的三种方法:直接输出、内建测试与自校准,以及Trimming电路的设计要点。使用NVM修复的Trimming方式可以广泛应用于高精度的模拟电路设计中。

Impact of trimming intensity on the growth of mangrove in Iran

Mangrove forests in southern Iran are of high ecological and economic importance.These forests are being threatened because of uncontrolled harvesting to provide fodder for livestock.The objective of this study is to provide recommendations for appropriate harvesting intensities by quantifying the effect of different harvesting intensities on vegetative and vigor characteristics of mangrove trees.This study was conducted using a randomized complete block design comprising four treatments(10.00%,20.00%,and 30.00% trimming,along with a control)replicated three times.Vegetative characteristics were measured before and after trimming(five-year period)and analyzed using generalized linear model statistical analysis.The growths of the average diameter of canopy,canopy area,canopy volume,canopy height,tree height,and collar diameter in the control treatment were all significantly higher than those in the trimming treatments.In addition,there was a decreasing trend in leaf fresh and dry mass,leaf area index,total area of canopy leaves,and health status of tree in the trimming treatments.For example,the percentage change in fresh and dry leaf mass in the control treatment was positive(29.87% and 38.31%,respectively),whereas the trimming treatments of 10.00%,20.00% and 30.00% had negative effects(-7.01% and -4.79%,-11.32% and -14.30%,and -15.84% and -17.29%,respectively).In addition,the changes in leaf area index in the control(4.95%)and 30.00% trimming(-24.57%)treatments were the highest and lowest,respectively.The percentage change in soil organic matter in the control,10.00%,20.00%,and 30.00% treatments were 22.94%,-9.90%,-16.91%,and -18.68%,respectively.The study demonstrated that gray mangrove trees were highly sensitive to canopy trimming,with even minimal trimming intensities negatively affecting vegetative growth and soil organic matter.Therefore,it is recommended that cutting and trimming of mangrove trees should be prevented even at low intensity to preserve mangrove ecosystem health and resilience against environmental stressors.

FUBP3 mediates the amyloid-β-induced neuronal NLRP3 expression

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by deposition of amyloid-β,which forms extracellular neuritic plaques,and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau,which aggregates to form intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles,in the brain.The NLRP3 inflammasome may play a role in the transition from amyloid-βdeposition to tau phosphorylation and aggregation.Because NLRP3 is primarily found in brain microglia,and tau is predominantly located in neurons,it has been suggested that NLRP3 expressed by microglia indirectly triggers tau phosphorylation by upregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.Here,we found that neurons also express NLRP3 in vitro and in vivo,and that neuronal NLRP3 regulates tau phosphorylation.Using biochemical methods,we mapped the minimal NLRP3 promoter and identified FUBP3 as a transcription factor regulating NLRP3 expression in neurons.In primary neurons and the neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2A,FUBP3 is required for endogenous NLRP3 expression and tau phosphorylation only when amyloid-βis present.In the brains of aged wild-type mice and a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease,FUBP3 expression was markedly increased in cortical neurons.Transcriptome analysis suggested that FUBP3 plays a role in neuron-mediated immune responses.We also found that FUBP3 trimmed the 5′end of DNA fragments that it bound,implying that FUBP3 functions in stress-induced responses.These findings suggest that neuronal NLRP3 may be more directly involved in the amyloid-β-to–phospho-tau transition than microglial NLRP3,and that amyloid-βfundamentally alters the regulatory mechanism of NLRP3 expression in neurons.Given that FUBP3 was only expressed at low levels in young wild-type mice and was strongly upregulated in the brains of aged mice and Alzheimer's disease mice,FUBP3 could be a safe therapeutic target for preventing Alzheimer's disease progression.

A low drift curvature-compensated bandgap reference with trimming resistive circuit

A low temperature drift curvature-compensated complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) bandgap ref-erence is proposed.A dual-differential-pair amplifier was employed to add compensation with a high-order term of TlnT (T is the thermodynamic temperature) to the traditional 1st-order compensated bandgap.To reduce the offset of the amplifier and noise of the bandgap reference,input differential metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) of large size were used in the amplifier and to keep a low quiescent current,these MOSFETs all work in weak inversion.The voltage reference's temperature curvature has been further corrected by trimming a switched resistor network.The circuit delivers an output voltage of 3 V with a low dropout regulator (LDO).The chip was fabricated in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC)'s 0.35-μm CMOS process,and the temperature coefficient (TC) was measured to be only 2.1×10 6/°C over the temperature range of 40-125 °C after trimming.The power supply rejection (PSR) was 100 dB @ DC and the noise was 42 μV (rms) from 0.1 to 10 Hz.

Effect of heat treatment on amino acids and volatile compounds of enzymatic pork trimmings hydrolysate supplemented with xylose and cysteine

In this research,the effects of heat treatment together with xylose and cysteine addition on the amino acid changes and volatile compound generation in non-enzymatic pork trimmings extract(NPE)or enzymatic pork trimmings hydrolysate(EPH)were studied.Enzymatic hydrolysis significantly increased the total amino acid content and provided necessary precursors for the thermal reactions.The addition of xylose assisted the browning process while the cysteine addition partially inhibited the formation of brown colour in both NPE and EPH.The addition of both cysteine and xylose significantly increased the formation of sulfur-containing volatile flavour compounds in EPH samples,but not in NPE samples.The characteristic“roasted meat”like aromatic volatile compounds,in particular,2-furfurylthiol,were only detected in EPH samples at 8.13 ng/mL,when both xylose(35 mg/mL)and cysteine(10 mg/mL)were added.

Post-fabrication phase trimming of Mach–Zehnder interferometers by laser annealing of germanium implanted waveguides

We demonstrate a novel high-accuracy post-fabrication trimming technique to fine-tune the phase of integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometers, enabling permanent correction of typical fabrication-based phase errors. The effective index change of the optical mode is 0.19 in our measurement, which is approximately an order of magnitude improvement compared to previous work with similar excess optical loss. Our measurement results suggest that a phase accuracy of 0.078 rad was achievable with active feedback control.

A trimming technique for capacitive SAR ADC as sensor interface

This work presented a trimming technique and algorithm applied in a capacitive successive approximation register（SAR） analog to digital converter（ADC） for a sensor interface, which can be integrated with the preceding sensor and the following controlling circuit. Without spending a special calibration phase or adding complicated functions, this circuit keeps a 12-bit resolution by trimming the capacitor array. Its merits of low power and small area make it suitable to be embedded in a power and cost sensitive system such as a battery-supplied sensor network node. The prototype 12-bit ADC is implemented by 0.5 m 2P3M CMOS technology, with the wide supply range of 2–5 V, its power consumption is only 300 A at a sampling speed of 200 kHz.

Trimming Behavior of H_2-Loaded Silica Fiber Modeled by Rate Equations

Photosensitivity behavior of H2-loaded silica fiber was modeled by rate equations for activated particles. The theoretical deductions give a close explanation to experimental phenomena on post-exposure growth in fiber gratings.

Choice of Optimal Trimming Proportion by the Random Weighting Method

In this paper, a strongly consistent estimation of the optimal trimming proportion in trimmed mean is found by the random weighting method. In addition, using the same method a strongly consistent estimation for the distribution of some adaptive estimator is also obtained.

Stealth performance evaluation of helicopter against airborne early warning radar considering trimming control

Airborne pulse Doppler radar is a key threat to the military helicopter,and assessing the stealth performance of helicopter against airborne early warning radar is helpful to the helicopter’s stealth design and operational planning.In this paper,the Shooting and Bouncing Ray(SBR)and Uniform Theory of Diffraction(UTD)based high-frequency algorithms are used to calculate the Radar Cross Section(RCS)of helicopter,and the radar range equations are used to evaluate the stealth performance.In order to account for the effects of rotor flapping motions during actual flight,the aerodynamics model of whole helicopter is established and the attitudes and controls of helicopter at different flight states are trimmed and input into the RCS calculation module.The effects of helicopter flight speed,flying direction and operational environment on radar stealth performance are studied in focus.It is demonstrated by the results that the trimming control does have a great influence of more than 5 dB on the RCS of helicopter,and the introduction of the trim calculation brings the helicopter’s returns calculation closer to the reality.Variations in flight speed lead to the changes in the stealth performance of helicopter against Early Warning Aircraft(EWA),and the helicopter flight speed can be planned according to the operational requirements to minimize exposure distance or exposure time.Variations in flying direction mainly affect the detection properties of helicopter returns,and flying in the same direction with EWA usually gives the helicopter better low-observability than flying head-on.Variations in operational environment mainly affect the radar detection performance and the sensitivity of the detection performance to external factors;the same amount of change in some external factor causes a different amount of change in the helicopter’s detectability in different environments.

Laser Trimming for Adjustment of Grating Offset in Phase-Shifted Fiber Grating Coupler for All-Optical Switching Application

We theoretically investigated laser trimming to adjust grating offset in phase-shifted fiber grating coupler (FGC) for all-optical switching application. It was clarified that the trimming made the extinction ratio higher in all-optical FGC switch.

Laser trimming for lithography-free fabrications of MoS_(2)devices

Single-layer MoS_(2)produced by mechanical exfoliation is usually connected to thicker and multilayer regions.We show a facile laser trimming method to insulate single-layer MoS_(2)regions from thicker ones.We demonstrate,through electrical characterization,that the laser trimming method can be used to pattern single-layer MoS_(2)channels with regular geometry and electrically disconnected from the thicker areas.Scanning photocurrent microscope further confirms that in the as-deposited flake(connected to a multilayer area)most of the photocurrent is being generated in the thicker flake region.After laser trimming,scanning photocurrent microscopy shows how only the single-layer MoS_(2)region contributes to the photocurrent generation.The presented method is a direct-write and lithography-free(no need of resist or wet chemicals)alternative to reactive ion etching process to pattern the flakes that can be easily adopted by many research groups fabricating devices with MoS_(2) and similar twodimensional materials.

Laser trimming of the operating wavelength of silicon nitride racetrack resonators

We demonstrate the possibility of post-fabrication trimming of the response of nitrogen-rich silicon nitride racetrack resonators by using an ultraviolet laser.The results revealed the possibility to efficiently tune the operating wavelength of fabricated racetrack resonators to any point within the full free spectral range.This process is much faster than similar,previously presented methods(in the order of seconds,compared to hours).This technique can also be applied to accurately trim the optical performance of any other silicon photonic device based on nitrogen-rich silicon nitride.