α, β-unsaturated esters were often synthesized from aldehydes and esters in the presence of strong organic base that was very sensitive to air and moisture via aldol reaction. Trioxane was very useful C1 resource, h...α, β-unsaturated esters were often synthesized from aldehydes and esters in the presence of strong organic base that was very sensitive to air and moisture via aldol reaction. Trioxane was very useful C1 resource, however, the decomposition of it was always the challenging problem that facing researchers. Herein, a novel synthetic methodology for α, β-unsaturated ester preparation from trioxane and ester with mild catalysis of generated ammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquid. The enolization of ester as well as the decomposition of trioxane could proceed easily in the presence of boryl trifluoromethanesulfonate and amine at 20–25℃. Then the enolate and decomposed formaldehyde occurs aldol reaction to form α, β-unsaturated ester. With this strategy, the yield and selectivity of product from various substrates including aliphatic esters,lactones and thioester could reach up to 85.2% and 90.1%.展开更多
The batch reaction experiments have been made for the first time to investigate the effect of ionic structure on the reactivity and selectivity of the trioxane-forming reaction catalyzed by a Br?nsted-acidic ionic liq...The batch reaction experiments have been made for the first time to investigate the effect of ionic structure on the reactivity and selectivity of the trioxane-forming reaction catalyzed by a Br?nsted-acidic ionic liquid(IL).The ILs considered include 1-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinonium trifluoromethanesulfonate([NCy P][TfO ]),1-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinonium benzenesulfonate([NCyP ][BSA]),1-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinonium p-toluenesulfonate([NCyP ][pTSA]),1-octyl-2-pyrrolidinonium 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate([NOP][DNBSA]),1-octyl-2-pyrrolidinonium benzenesulfonate([NOP][BSA]),1-octyl-2-pyrrolidinonium methanesulfonate([NOP][MSA]),and 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidinonium trifluoromethanesulfonate([NOP][Tf O]).It is found that the yield of trioxane in the reaction solution correlates inversely with the Hammett acidity function H0 of the aqueous solution of the corresponding ILs.Variation of the cation structure from [NCyP ]+to [NOP]+exerts little influence on the yield and the selectivity of trioxane in the reaction solution.Using [TfO ]-or [DNBSA]-in place of [MSA]-or [BSA]-apparently increases the yield of trioxane,but only slightly increases the concentration of formic acid in the reaction solution.The continuous production experiments have been made to investigate the performance of [NOP][MSA],[NOP][DNBSA],[NCyP ][TfO ],and H2SO4 as an extraction distillation agent.Such effect of [NCyP ][TfO ] considerably overrides that of H2SO4.The yield and the selectivity of trioxane are both increased when [NCyP ][TfO ] is used instead of H2SO4 at a reaction time 5 h.展开更多
The synthesis of 2, 4, 6-triisopropyl-1, 3, 5-trioxane with high yield and desirable selec- tivity from solvent-free cyclotrimerization of isobutyraldehyde catalyzed by ionic liquids was reported in this work.
The effects of organic salts on 1,3,5-trioxane synthesis were investigated through batch reaction and continuous production experiments. The organic salts used include sodium methanesulfonate（CH3NaO3S）, sodium benze...The effects of organic salts on 1,3,5-trioxane synthesis were investigated through batch reaction and continuous production experiments. The organic salts used include sodium methanesulfonate（CH3NaO3S）, sodium benzenesulfonate（C6H5NaO3S）, sodium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate（C7H7NaO3S）, and sodium 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate（C6H4NNaO5S）. It was shown that the effects of organic salts on the yield of 1,3,5-trioxane in reaction solution and distillate follow the order CH3NaO3S ／C6H5NaO3S／C7H7NaO3S／C6H4NNaO5S, which is inversely related to the charge density of the anions of the organic salts. In comparison with Cl–-based salts such as magnesium chloride, organic salts have the advantages of less formic acid generation and low corrosion. Studies on water activity revealed that the effect of organic salts on the activity of water was quite small at low concentration of organic salts. UV–visible spectroscopy and vapor–liquid equilibrium experiments were performed to uncover the mechanisms that govern such effects. The results showed that the effect of organic salts on the yield of 1,3,5-trioxane relies primarily on their ability to increase the catalytic activity of sulfuric acid and increase the relative volatilities of 1,3,5-trioxane and water and of 1,3,5-trioxane and oligomers.展开更多
为了解析与胸腺细胞选择相关的高迁移率族蛋白4(tox high mobility group box family member 4,TOX4)在尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)响应无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)感染过程中的功能,利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)克隆和鉴...为了解析与胸腺细胞选择相关的高迁移率族蛋白4(tox high mobility group box family member 4,TOX4)在尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)响应无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)感染过程中的功能,利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)克隆和鉴定尼罗罗非鱼TOX4基因(GenBank登录号:XP003458812)的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)序列,对推导的TOX4氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析,分析其亚细胞定位特征,以及在尼罗罗非鱼头肾淋巴细胞亚群的分布特征,并利用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术分析TOX4基因在健康鱼各组织及响应无乳链球菌感染过程中的表达模式。结果表明:尼罗罗非鱼TOX4基因的ORF全长为2004 bp,编码667个氨基酸,预测TOX4蛋白的相对分子质量为69060,理论等电点为4.69,无信号肽序列及跨膜结构,具有一个HMG保守结构域;亚细胞定位结果显示,TOX4蛋白主要表达于细胞核中;多序列比对及系统进化分析均显示,尼罗罗非鱼与斑马拟丽鱼(Maylandia zebra)TOX4氨基酸序列的同源性最高;qRT-PCR分析显示,TOX4基因在健康尼罗罗非鱼各组织中均有表达,且在血液中表达量最高;单细胞转录组数据分析显示,TOX4基因主要在尼罗罗非鱼非特异性细胞毒性细胞(nonspecific cytotoxic cell,NCC)和巨噬细胞(macrophage,Mφ)中表达;经无乳链球菌感染后,尼罗罗非鱼脑、头肾、肠道和脾脏中TOX4基因的表达量显著上调,并在感染后12 h(脑、头肾、肠道)和48 h(脾脏)达到峰值。研究表明,TOX4可能参与尼罗罗非鱼响应细菌感染的免疫应答过程。展开更多
In order to study the possibility of hydroxytyrosol(HT)as a drug,we used SwissADME system to predict ADME of HT and pkCSM system to predict Tox of HT.The results show that hydroxytyrosol meets the Lipinski’s five pri...In order to study the possibility of hydroxytyrosol(HT)as a drug,we used SwissADME system to predict ADME of HT and pkCSM system to predict Tox of HT.The results show that hydroxytyrosol meets the Lipinski’s five principles of drug-like properties.With strong efficacy and pharmacological activity,HT has high drug-likeness degree.With good bioavailability,it can be easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract,though not absorbed by skin.Hydroxytyrosol has not only a strong potency and pharmacological activity,but also no liver toxicity and skin allergy.Tox data predicts that it has mutagenic potential,which may be the result of overreduction.展开更多
基金the National Key Projects for Fundamental Research and Development of China (No. 2016YFB0601303)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences (No. QYZDBSSW-SLH022)+3 种基金the International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51561145020)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91434203)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21676270)NSFC-Key Projects of Shanxi Coal Based Low Carbon Joint Fundation (No. U1610222)
文摘α, β-unsaturated esters were often synthesized from aldehydes and esters in the presence of strong organic base that was very sensitive to air and moisture via aldol reaction. Trioxane was very useful C1 resource, however, the decomposition of it was always the challenging problem that facing researchers. Herein, a novel synthetic methodology for α, β-unsaturated ester preparation from trioxane and ester with mild catalysis of generated ammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquid. The enolization of ester as well as the decomposition of trioxane could proceed easily in the presence of boryl trifluoromethanesulfonate and amine at 20–25℃. Then the enolate and decomposed formaldehyde occurs aldol reaction to form α, β-unsaturated ester. With this strategy, the yield and selectivity of product from various substrates including aliphatic esters,lactones and thioester could reach up to 85.2% and 90.1%.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576285,21276271)
文摘The batch reaction experiments have been made for the first time to investigate the effect of ionic structure on the reactivity and selectivity of the trioxane-forming reaction catalyzed by a Br?nsted-acidic ionic liquid(IL).The ILs considered include 1-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinonium trifluoromethanesulfonate([NCy P][TfO ]),1-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinonium benzenesulfonate([NCyP ][BSA]),1-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinonium p-toluenesulfonate([NCyP ][pTSA]),1-octyl-2-pyrrolidinonium 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate([NOP][DNBSA]),1-octyl-2-pyrrolidinonium benzenesulfonate([NOP][BSA]),1-octyl-2-pyrrolidinonium methanesulfonate([NOP][MSA]),and 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidinonium trifluoromethanesulfonate([NOP][Tf O]).It is found that the yield of trioxane in the reaction solution correlates inversely with the Hammett acidity function H0 of the aqueous solution of the corresponding ILs.Variation of the cation structure from [NCyP ]+to [NOP]+exerts little influence on the yield and the selectivity of trioxane in the reaction solution.Using [TfO ]-or [DNBSA]-in place of [MSA]-or [BSA]-apparently increases the yield of trioxane,but only slightly increases the concentration of formic acid in the reaction solution.The continuous production experiments have been made to investigate the performance of [NOP][MSA],[NOP][DNBSA],[NCyP ][TfO ],and H2SO4 as an extraction distillation agent.Such effect of [NCyP ][TfO ] considerably overrides that of H2SO4.The yield and the selectivity of trioxane are both increased when [NCyP ][TfO ] is used instead of H2SO4 at a reaction time 5 h.
基金We graleully appreciate the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(G2000048).
文摘The synthesis of 2, 4, 6-triisopropyl-1, 3, 5-trioxane with high yield and desirable selec- tivity from solvent-free cyclotrimerization of isobutyraldehyde catalyzed by ionic liquids was reported in this work.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21576285 and 21276271)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (qzdx-2011-01)
文摘The effects of organic salts on 1,3,5-trioxane synthesis were investigated through batch reaction and continuous production experiments. The organic salts used include sodium methanesulfonate（CH3NaO3S）, sodium benzenesulfonate（C6H5NaO3S）, sodium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate（C7H7NaO3S）, and sodium 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate（C6H4NNaO5S）. It was shown that the effects of organic salts on the yield of 1,3,5-trioxane in reaction solution and distillate follow the order CH3NaO3S ／C6H5NaO3S／C7H7NaO3S／C6H4NNaO5S, which is inversely related to the charge density of the anions of the organic salts. In comparison with Cl–-based salts such as magnesium chloride, organic salts have the advantages of less formic acid generation and low corrosion. Studies on water activity revealed that the effect of organic salts on the activity of water was quite small at low concentration of organic salts. UV–visible spectroscopy and vapor–liquid equilibrium experiments were performed to uncover the mechanisms that govern such effects. The results showed that the effect of organic salts on the yield of 1,3,5-trioxane relies primarily on their ability to increase the catalytic activity of sulfuric acid and increase the relative volatilities of 1,3,5-trioxane and water and of 1,3,5-trioxane and oligomers.
文摘为了解析与胸腺细胞选择相关的高迁移率族蛋白4(tox high mobility group box family member 4,TOX4)在尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)响应无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)感染过程中的功能,利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)克隆和鉴定尼罗罗非鱼TOX4基因(GenBank登录号:XP003458812)的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)序列,对推导的TOX4氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析,分析其亚细胞定位特征,以及在尼罗罗非鱼头肾淋巴细胞亚群的分布特征,并利用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术分析TOX4基因在健康鱼各组织及响应无乳链球菌感染过程中的表达模式。结果表明:尼罗罗非鱼TOX4基因的ORF全长为2004 bp,编码667个氨基酸,预测TOX4蛋白的相对分子质量为69060,理论等电点为4.69,无信号肽序列及跨膜结构,具有一个HMG保守结构域;亚细胞定位结果显示,TOX4蛋白主要表达于细胞核中;多序列比对及系统进化分析均显示,尼罗罗非鱼与斑马拟丽鱼(Maylandia zebra)TOX4氨基酸序列的同源性最高;qRT-PCR分析显示,TOX4基因在健康尼罗罗非鱼各组织中均有表达,且在血液中表达量最高;单细胞转录组数据分析显示,TOX4基因主要在尼罗罗非鱼非特异性细胞毒性细胞(nonspecific cytotoxic cell,NCC)和巨噬细胞(macrophage,Mφ)中表达;经无乳链球菌感染后,尼罗罗非鱼脑、头肾、肠道和脾脏中TOX4基因的表达量显著上调,并在感染后12 h(脑、头肾、肠道)和48 h(脾脏)达到峰值。研究表明,TOX4可能参与尼罗罗非鱼响应细菌感染的免疫应答过程。
基金This work was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670675).
文摘In order to study the possibility of hydroxytyrosol(HT)as a drug,we used SwissADME system to predict ADME of HT and pkCSM system to predict Tox of HT.The results show that hydroxytyrosol meets the Lipinski’s five principles of drug-like properties.With strong efficacy and pharmacological activity,HT has high drug-likeness degree.With good bioavailability,it can be easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract,though not absorbed by skin.Hydroxytyrosol has not only a strong potency and pharmacological activity,but also no liver toxicity and skin allergy.Tox data predicts that it has mutagenic potential,which may be the result of overreduction.
