Upper and Lower Bounds of the α-Universal Triple I Method for Unified Interval Implications

Theα-universal triple I(α-UTI)method is a recognized scheme in the field of fuzzy reasoning,whichwas proposed by our research group previously.The robustness of fuzzy reasoning determines the quality of reasoning algorithms to a large extent,which is quantified by calculating the disparity between the output of fuzzy reasoning with interference and the output without interference.Therefore,in this study,the interval robustness(embodied as the interval stability)of theα-UTI method is explored in the interval-valued fuzzy environment.To begin with,the stability of theα-UTI method is explored for the case of an individual rule,and the upper and lower bounds of its results are estimated,using four kinds of unified interval implications(including the R-interval implication,the S-interval implication,the QL-interval implication and the interval t-norm implication).Through analysis,it is found that theα-UTI method exhibits good interval stability for an individual rule.Moreover,the stability of theα-UTI method is revealed in the case of multiple rules,and the upper and lower bounds of its outcomes are estimated.The results show that theα-UTI method is stable for multiple rules when four kinds of unified interval implications are used,respectively.Lastly,theα-UTI reasoning chain method is presented,which contains a chain structure with multiple layers.The corresponding solutions and their interval perturbations are investigated.It is found that theα-UTI reasoning chain method is stable in the case of chain reasoning.Two application examples in affective computing are given to verify the stability of theα-UTImethod.In summary,through theoretical proof and example verification,it is found that theα-UTImethod has good interval robustness with four kinds of unified interval implications aiming at the situations of an individual rule,multi-rule and reasoning chain.

基于UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS技术初步分析雅安产道地中药材川牛膝中生物碱成分

采用乙醇提取、成盐、二氯甲烷萃取等方法初步富集川牛膝总生物碱,确定最优提取分离工艺;通过超高液相色谱串联三重四级杆飞行时间质谱法,采用Waters XSelect CSH-C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,1.7μm),梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,测试波长254 nm,柱温为50℃,进样量为3μL,采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式,扫描范围为m/z 100~1500,并采用全扫描模式对样品数据进行收集,根据高分辨质谱结合二级质谱所得信息对川牛膝中生物碱类化学成分进行快速鉴定,通过对比分子离子峰和碎片离子的质荷比、Scifinder和Reaxy数据库及相关文献,推测出两种生物碱成分。研究建立的生物碱类化学成分提取与分析方法,为提高雅安产道地中药材川牛膝的质量控制水平及后续阐明药效物质基础提供了实验依据。

Reverse triple Ⅰ method of fuzzy reasoning

A theory of reverse triple I method with sustention degree is presented by using the implication operator R0 in every step of the fuzzy reasoning. Its computation formulas of supremum for fuzzy modus ponens and infimum for fuzzy modus tollens are given respectively. Moreover, through the generalization of this problem, the corresponding formulas of α-reverse triple I method with sustention degree are also obtained. In addition, the theory of reverse triple I method with restriction degree is proposed as well by using the operator R0, and the computation formulas of infimum for fuzzy modus ponens and supremum for fuzzy modus tollens are shown.

Differently implicational α-universal triple I restriction method of (1, 2, 2) type

From the viewpoints of both fuzzy system and fuzzy reasoning, a new fuzzy reasoning method which contains the α- triple I restriction method as its particular case is proposed. The previous α-triple I restriction principles are improved, and then the optimal restriction solutions of this new method are achieved, especially for seven familiar implications. As its special case, the corresponding results of α-triple I restriction method are obtained and improved. Lastly, it is found by examples that this new method is more reasonable than the α-triple I restriction method.

压载荷下Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型中心裂纹板弹塑性屈曲载荷研究

为了研究含裂纹结构承载能力,采用有限元方法建立压载荷下Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型中心裂纹板模型,计算裂纹板弹塑性屈曲载荷,讨论相对裂纹长度(a/w)、裂纹倾角(θ)、板宽(w)、板厚(t)、边界条件对弹塑性屈曲载荷及其变化规律的影响。对于上下夹持中心裂纹板,随着裂纹长度和裂纹倾角的增大,板宽越大,中心裂纹板屈曲载荷对裂纹越敏感,中心裂纹板承载能力受到裂纹长度和裂纹倾角的影响越明显。弹塑性屈曲载荷随着板厚的增大而增大,并且随着裂纹倾角的增大,板厚越大,屈曲载荷的下降程度越显著。上下简支中心裂纹板与上下夹持中心裂纹板的屈曲载荷变化规律基本一致,且上下夹持中心裂纹板的屈曲载荷显著大于上下简支中心裂纹板的屈曲载荷。给出不同边界条件下弹塑性屈曲载荷与相对裂纹长度、裂纹倾角的回归关系式。通过中心裂纹板弹塑性屈曲试验发现,采用压缩力学性能计算弹塑性屈曲载荷更接近试验结果,试验屈曲载荷的变化规律与有限元模拟计算结果一致。研究结果对含裂纹结构的承载能力评价具有参考价值。

Improved delayed detached-eddy simulation of massive separation around triple cylinders

The massively separated flow past triple cylin- ders （TriC） in tandem arrangement is simulated using the improved delayed detached-eddy simulation （IDDES） method based on the shear stress transport （SST） model, coupled with the high order adaptive dissipation scheme. The spacing between adjacent cylinders is sub-critical （1.435D）. IDDES prediction of two cylinders （TC） with the same spacing is compared to experimental data for validation, and the numerical results agree well with the available measurements, except for the asymmetry in the gap region. The flow past TriC is investigated using the same method. Generally, the mean flow quantities past TriC, such as the velocity, pressure, and vorticity, are similar to the corresponding components of TC. However, the pressure fluctuations on the TriC surface are uniformly larger than those on TC. Meanwhile, the instantaneous flows past TriC are much more complex. The periodical blockage in the first gap region is found in the TriC case and leads to the up-and-down movement of shear layer in the second gap region.

Universal triple I fuzzy reasoning algorithm of function model based on quotient space

Aiming at the deficiencies of analysis capacity from different levels and fuzzy treating method in product function modeling of conceptual design, the theory of quotient space and universal triple I fuzzy reasoning method are introduced, and then the function modeling algorithm based on the universal triple I fuzzy reasoning method is proposed. Firstly, the product function granular model based on the quotient space theory is built, with its function granular representation and computing rules defined at the same time. Secondly, in order to quickly achieve function granular model from function requirement, the function modeling method based on universal triple I fuzzy reasoning is put forward. Within the fuzzy reasoning of universal triple I method, the small-distance-activating method is proposed as the kernel of fuzzy reasoning; how to change function requirements to fuzzy ones, fuzzy computing methods, and strategy of fuzzy reasoning are respectively investigated as well; the function modeling algorithm based on the universal triple I fuzzy reasoning method is achieved. Lastly, the validity of the function granular model and function modeling algorithm is validated. Through our method, the reasonable function granular model can be quickly achieved from function requirements, and the fuzzy character of conceptual design can be well handled, which greatly improves conceptual design.

Excess PbI_(2)evolution for triple-cation based perovskite solar cells with 21.9%efficiency

The triple cation mixed perovskites(Cs FAMA)are known as one of the most efficient candidates for perovskite solar cells(PSCs).It is found that the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of triple-cation based devices would increase with the test time extending,and the maximum efficiency is normally obtained after several days aging storage.Here,the relationship between enhanced device performance,excess PbI_(2)and its evolution in triple cation perovskite films of initial days was systematically explored.The Cs FAMA-PSCs are prepared by two-step methods under two environmental conditions,including in the glove box and the ambient air(30%humidity).After 7 days testing,the maximum PCE of PSCs under two conditions dramatically increased 12.4%and 12.2%,reached 21.68%and 21.89%,respectively.At initial days,the XRD peak intensities of perovskite phase gradually decreased and those corresponding to PbI_(2)increased.Along with time-resolved photoluminescence(TRPL)and kelvin probe force microscopy(KPFM),it was found that the defects were passivated with the evolution of PbI_(2).This work reveals the excess PbI_(2)and its evolution in perovskite film,which can further supplement the understanding of PbI_(2)defect passivation.

甲状腺癌^(131)Ⅰ治疗患者被服清洁解控方案的构建

目的构建^(131)Ⅰ治疗甲状腺癌患者被服清洁解控方案,为临床被服清洁解控的开展提供借鉴。方法通过临床调研、文献研究、影响因素分析、半结构访谈和课题组讨论,构建^(131)Ⅰ治疗甲状腺癌患者被服清洁解控方案初稿。采用德尔菲专家咨询法,选取30名专家进行2轮专家咨询,结合研究小组讨论构建^(131)Ⅰ治疗患者被服清洁解控方案。结果2轮专家咨询问卷回收率均为100%,第2轮咨询中,各条目的变异系数为0.00~0.24,重要性得分为4.13~5.00分,专家权威系数为0.867,一级、二级、三级指标的肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.475、0.420、0.292(均P<0.05),形成的^(131)Ⅰ治疗甲状腺癌患者被服清洁解控方案包括5个一级指标、20个二级指标、59个三级指标。结论^(131)Ⅰ治疗甲状腺癌患者被服清洁解控方案构建过程规范严谨,可为临床^(131)Ⅰ治疗甲状腺癌患者被服的清洁解控提供指引。

Effect of Wei’s triple nine needling therapy on flash visual evoked potentials in rats with traumatic optic neuropathy

Objective:To investigate the effect of Wei’s triple nine needling therapy on the N2-P2 wave of the flash visual evoked potential(FVEP)in rats of the of the transverse directional pulling model.Methods:Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly grouped,nine were in normal control group without any treatment,and the remaining 27 were surgically modelled in the right eyes.Eighteen of these rats were randomly divided into a Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group and a model group of nine rats each after the TON model was made using the transverse quantitative retraction method.The other 9 rats were sham-operated,and only the optic nerve was exposed without retraction.On the next day of modelling,the Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group was treated with Wei’s triple nine needling therapy for 20 minutes/1 time/1 day for 14 days.The model group,sham-operated group and normal control group were not intervened.Wei's triple nine acupoints were represented as follows:1st link:"Jingming"(BL1)and"Chengqi"(ST1);2nd link:"Sizhukong"(SJ23)penetrating"Taiyang"(EX-HN5);and the third:"Fengchi"(GB 20)and"Taichong"(LV3).The FVEP of each group was observed on 1d,7d and 14d.The FVEP of each group was observed on 1d,7d and 14d.Results:Compared with the model group,the N2 wave latency and P2 wave latency were shortened in the Wei’s triple nine needling therapy on 1d(P<0.05,P<0.01);on 7d,their N2 wave latency was shortened(P<0.01)and the N2-P2 wave amplitude was increased compared with the model group(P<0.05);on 14d,their P2 wave latency was shortened(P<0.05)and the N2-P2 wave amplitude was increased.There was no statistical difference in N2 wave latency,P2 wave latency and N2-P2 wave amplitude in the sham-operated group on 1d,7d and 14d(P>0.05).The delayed N2 and P2 wave latencies in the model group did not improve from 1d to 14d(P>0.05)and the amplitude decreased throughout,showing a significant difference on 14d compared to 1d(P<0.05).In contrast,the N2 wave latency in Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group was not significantly different until 7d to 14d(P<0.05);its P2 wave latency,although significantly delayed from 1d to 7d(P<0.05),recovered on 14d and reached a level that was not statistically different from 1d and 7d(P>0.05).There was also no significant decrease in N2-P2 wave amplitude between 1d and 14d in Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group(P>0.05).Conclusion:In this experiment,the TON rat model was successfully established by the transverse quantitative retraction method,and the treatment of TON rats with Wei’s triple nine needling therapy reduced the P2 wave delay of the FVEP electrophysiological signal and increased the N2-P2 amplitude,which had a certain positive effect on the repair of optic nerve injury,probably related to its effect of improving the conduction function of the optic nerve and protecting the retinal ganglion cells that had not been degenerated and necrosed.

推拿㨰法对骨骼肌钝挫伤兔MMP-9、TIMP-1、TGF-β_(1)和COL-Ⅰ表达的影响

目的观察推拿㨰法对家兔骨骼肌钝挫伤后基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)、转化生长因子-β_(1)(TGF-β_(1))以及Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(COL-Ⅰ)表达的影响,探讨推拿㨰法对骨骼肌钝挫伤的修复作用机制。方法将15只健康成年新西兰兔随机分为空白组、模型组和推拿㨰法组,每组5只。使用自制改良重力锤打击装置对模型组和推拿㨰法组家兔建立骨骼肌钝挫伤模型。推拿㨰法组家兔于造模成功后第7天给予法干预,滚动频率140次/min,2次/d,3 min/次,连续干预3 d。干预结束后第3天进行取材,HE和Masson染色观察股四头肌病理形态,Western blot法检测股四头肌组织中MMP-9、TIMP-1、TGF-β_(1)、COL-Ⅰ表达情况。结果HE染色显示,模型组肌细胞形态大小不均,细胞边界模糊,间隙显著增宽,结缔组织增多,炎细胞浸润明显;推拿㨰法组肌细胞结构相对完整,见少量炎细胞浸润,结缔组织减少。Masson染色显示,模型组肌纤维形态多样且不规整,间隙增宽,部分肌纤维融合成片状,胶原纤维沉积明显;推拿㨰法组肌纤维结构、形态变化及胶原纤维增生程度均明显轻于模型组。模型组家兔股四头肌组织中MMP-9、TIMP-1、TGF-β_(1)、COL-Ⅰ蛋白相对表达量均明显高于空白组(P均<0.05),推拿㨰法组家兔股四头肌组织中MMP-9、TIMP-1、TGF-β_(1)、COL-Ⅰ蛋白相对表达量均明显低于模型组(P均<0.05)。结论推拿㨰法能通过下调MMP-9、TIMP-1、TGF-β_(1)、COL-Ⅰ的表达,抑制胶原蛋白沉积,调控细胞外基质的生降平衡,进而抑制骨骼肌纤维化,促进骨骼肌损伤修复。

改进和优化黑果枸杞及其制品中花青素测定的pH示差法

建立一种基于美国官方分析化学师协会(Association of Official Analytical Chemists,AOAC)方法检测黑果枸杞及其制品中花青素含量的改进pH示差法。考察了黑果枸杞及其制品中花青素的最佳提取和检测条件,通过液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法鉴别出黑果枸杞中花青素的具体化学结构,并计算出混合花青素的平均摩尔质量。通过分光光度法测得混合花青素的平均摩尔消光系数,对改进后的pH示差法进行方法学验证和花青素的含量测定。结果显示,最佳提取和检测条件如下:黑果枸杞花青素提取溶剂为盐酸-80%(体积分数)乙醇(3∶97,体积比),料液比为1∶100(g∶mL),提取温度为50℃,提取时间为30 min,缓冲溶液稀释5倍后静置平衡20 min。液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法鉴别黑果枸杞中主要以矮牵牛素类花青素为主(占97.96%),黑果枸杞特有的混合花青素平均摩尔质量为912.7 g/mol,平均摩尔消光系数为29591 L/(mol·cm)。pH示差法改进后能够满足方法学验证要求,固体样品和液体样品最低检出限分别为28.2 mg/100 g、0.282 mg/100 mL。方法改进后花青素提取增长率均大于20%,静置平衡20 min后单次检测结果精密度小于0.3%。以矮牵牛素类花青素代替矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷计算花青素含量平均提高了2.41倍,能真实地反映黑果枸杞及其制品中花青素的含量。

配合饲料中64种药物超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱检测方法的研究

[目的]建立同时检测配合饲料中64种药物的超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry,UHPLC-MS/MS)法,提高非法添加物的检测效率。[方法]采用Waters HSS T3型色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)进行分离,流动相A为0.1%甲酸水溶液,流动相B为含0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.40 mL/min,进样量为2μL;采用电喷雾离子源正离子扫描模式进行检测,多反应监测模式进行信号采集。比较4种样品提取溶剂以及2种固相萃取柱处理对目标药物的回收率,确定样品前处理的最佳方法。利用建立的UHPLC-MS/MS法对宁夏回族自治区不同来源的100批次配合饲料样品进行64种药物检测。[结果]配合饲料样品均质后,用含0.2%甲酸的乙腈水溶液(乙腈∶水=8∶2,V/V)提取,利用Oasis PRiME HLB型固相萃取柱对样品净化,多数目标药物的回收率在60%以上。64种药物在浓度为5.0~200.0μg/L的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R)均大于0.99;不同药物的定量限在5.0~10.0μg/kg;阳性添加5.0、20.0、50.0μg/kg 3个浓度的平均回收率在41.00%~120.49%,批内相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.54%~15.94%,批间RSD在1.25%~13.64%。在100个批次的配合饲料样品中均未检出目标药物。[结论]建立的UHPLC-MS/MS法线性关系良好、回收率高、精密度好,具有较高的重现性和较好的可操作性,可用于配合饲料中非法添加64种药物的筛查。

柱面坐标计算三重积分的截面法

文章尝试利用柱面坐标的截面法计算三重积分,为学生理解和掌握三重积分的计算提供一点经验与帮助.

新型三分支型主动脉弓腔内覆膜支架在DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层中的应用

目的：应用新型三分支型主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层，并与传统手术比较，以评价其疗效。方法：2010年1月至2010年11月38例DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层患者在中南大学湘雅二医院胸心外科接受手术治疗，其中16例采用新型三分支型主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗（支架组），22例采用传统四分支人工血管治疗（血管组）。结果：与血管组相比，支架组体外循环时间[（138．1±56．42）VS（179．21±67．64）min]、阻断时间[（98．56±28．08）VS（134．36±46．46）min]和选择性脑灌注时间[（27．3±14．76）VS（48．74±18．22）min]均明显缩短（p〈0．05）；术后24h引流量也明显减少[（608．93±308．15）VS（899．04±437．79）mL，P〈O．05]；喉返神经损伤发生率降低（6．25％VS27．3％），住院天数减少[（16．15±6．68）VS（21．18±12．69）d，P〈O．051。随访14-24个月，复查主动脉CT血管造影显示主动脉弓及分支动脉内支架舒展良好，贴壁满意，相应部位假腔消失，远端假腔内血栓填充，生活质量良好。结论：新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架适合于大多数DeBakeyI型主动脉夹层患者的治疗，它可以简化主动脉弓部操作，降低手术风险，早中期疗效满意。

千金子Ⅰ号体内外抗肿瘤药理作用的实验研究

目的 观察千金子Ⅰ号体内、外抗肿瘤活性及对免疫器官的影响。方法 体外药效试验用MTT法 ,观察千金子Ⅰ号对人宫颈癌细胞 (HeLa)增殖作用的影响 ;体内用小鼠移植性肿瘤 ,采用荷瘤小鼠瘤重、抑瘤率检测千金子Ⅰ号对肉瘤 180 (S180 )和艾氏腹水癌 (EAC)的抑制作用 ;通过检测胸腺指数、脾脏指数等指标观察千金子Ⅰ号对免疫器官的影响。结果 千金子Ⅰ号体外对HeLa细胞的增殖有显著的抑制作用 ;对荷瘤小鼠肉瘤 180 (S180 )和艾氏腹水癌 (EAC)也有抗肿瘤活性。结论 千金子Ⅰ号具有一定的体内外抗肿瘤活性 。

广义MP问题的α-三Ⅰ解的形式化理论

研究了二值命题逻辑中模糊推理的全蕴涵α-三Ⅰ算法的形式化问题.提出了(F(S),)中的极小α公式的概念,当α∈{k/2n|k=0,1,…,2n,n=1,2,…}时得到如下结果:(1)全体极小α(α{0,1})公式构成(F(S),)中的反链;(2)当α=1时,全体极小α公式之集是相容的;当α≠1时,全体极小α公式之集是不相容的.证明了广义MP问题的形式化α-三Ⅰ解的存在性定理.

引产方法与胎盘血管生成素Ⅰ和Ⅱ的关系研究

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岩石Ⅰ型断裂韧度测试方法研究进展

岩石断裂韧度测试方法研究是准确获取岩石断裂韧度值的重要前提,也是进行岩石断裂力学理论和应用探索的重要途径.本文综述了国内外岩石Ⅰ型断裂韧度测试方法,着重介绍了美国材料与测试协会(ASTM)和国际岩石力学协会(ISRM)提出的建议测试方法及其研究进展;对比了不同测试方法获得的岩石Ⅰ型断裂韧度值之间的差异,并分析了产生这种差异的原因;指出了岩石断裂韧度测试方法中有待于进一步研究的问题.

基于蕴涵算子θ_p模糊推理的三Ⅰ与反向三Ⅰ算法的约束度分析

研究基于蕴涵算子pθ模糊推理的三Ⅰ算法与反向三Ⅰ算法的约束度理论,分析约束度的性质,得到α-三Ⅰ算法的FMP(FMT)上(下)确界计算公式与α-反向三Ⅰ算法的FMP(FMT)下(上)确界的计算公式。