Tropane alkaloids(TAs)are among the most valued chemical compounds known since pre-historic times.Poisonous plants from Solanaceae family(Hyoscyamus niger,Datura,Atropa belladonna,Scopolia lurida,Mandragora officinaru...Tropane alkaloids(TAs)are among the most valued chemical compounds known since pre-historic times.Poisonous plants from Solanaceae family(Hyoscyamus niger,Datura,Atropa belladonna,Scopolia lurida,Mandragora officinarum,Duboisia)and Erythroxylaceae(Erythroxylum coca)are rich sources of tropane alkaloids.These compounds possess the anticholinergic properties as they could block the neurotransmitter acetylcholine action in the central and peripheral nervous system by binding at either muscarinic and/or nicotinic receptors.Hence,they are of great clinical impor-tance and are used as antiemetics,anesthetics,antispasmodics,bronchodilator and mydriatics.They also serve as the lead compounds to generate more effective drugs.Due to the important pharmacological action they are listed in the WHO list of essential medicines and are available in market with FDA approval.However,being anticholinergic in action,TA medication are under the suspicion of causing dementia and cognitive decline like other medications with anticholinergic action,interestingly which is incorrect.There are published reviews on chemistry,biosynthesis,phar-macology,safety concerns,biotechnological aspects of TAs but the detailed information on anticholinergic mecha-nism of action,clinical pharmacology,FDA approval and anticholinergic burden is lacking.Hence the present review tries to fill this lacuna by critically summarizing and discussing the above mentioned aspects.展开更多
Tropane alkaloids(TAs)are a kind of plant secondary metabolite that mainly originate from Solanaceae.They have potent anticholinergic activity,and are well-known anticholinergic drugs,but have also been reported as pl...Tropane alkaloids(TAs)are a kind of plant secondary metabolite that mainly originate from Solanaceae.They have potent anticholinergic activity,and are well-known anticholinergic drugs,but have also been reported as plant toxins.Many studies have been conducted on TAs,but no scientometric research has been performed.This study aimed to expound the knowledge network and development of the feld of TAs and predict the emerging development topics based on bibliometrics.In particular,this research combined VOSviewer and CiteSpace for visualization and covered 1,298 related scientifc publications(1953–2022).The research on TAs is rapidly developing,with the participation of 86 countries,1,129 research institutions,and 4,087 researchers.China,the University of Geneva,and P.Christen are the most productive country,institution,and researcher,respectively.Currently,the main research topics on TAs include biosynthesis,in vitro synthesis,chemical synthesis,and determination methods.Since 2018,the monitoring of TAs in food related to human health has shown citation burst characteristics,which is considered an emerging development trend in the future.The fndings of this study will enable researchers to quickly tap into the knowledge background/structure of TAs from massive data to provide a reference for further research.展开更多
Abstract: Over the past decade, the evolving commercial importance of so-called plant secondary metabolites has resulted in a great interest in secondary metabolism and, particularly, in the possibilities to enhance t...Abstract: Over the past decade, the evolving commercial importance of so-called plant secondary metabolites has resulted in a great interest in secondary metabolism and, particularly, in the possibilities to enhance the yield of fine metabolites by means of genetic engineering. Plant alkaloids, which constitute one of the largest groups of natural products, provide many pharmacologically active compounds. Several genes in the tropane alkaloids biosynthesis pathways have been cloned, making the metabolic engineering of these alkaloids possible. The content of the target chemical scopolamine could be significantly increased by various approaches, such as introducing genes encoding the key biosynthetic enzymes or genes encoding regulatory proteins to overcome the specific rate-limiting steps. In addition, antisense genes have been used to block competitive pathways. These investigations have opened up new, promising perspectives for increased production in plants or plant cell culture. Recent achievements have been made in the metabolic engineering of plant tropane alkaloids and some new powerful strategies are reviewed in the present paper.展开更多
基金funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea and by the Korean Government (2020R1A2B5B01002463 and 2021R1A6A1A03038996).
文摘Tropane alkaloids(TAs)are among the most valued chemical compounds known since pre-historic times.Poisonous plants from Solanaceae family(Hyoscyamus niger,Datura,Atropa belladonna,Scopolia lurida,Mandragora officinarum,Duboisia)and Erythroxylaceae(Erythroxylum coca)are rich sources of tropane alkaloids.These compounds possess the anticholinergic properties as they could block the neurotransmitter acetylcholine action in the central and peripheral nervous system by binding at either muscarinic and/or nicotinic receptors.Hence,they are of great clinical impor-tance and are used as antiemetics,anesthetics,antispasmodics,bronchodilator and mydriatics.They also serve as the lead compounds to generate more effective drugs.Due to the important pharmacological action they are listed in the WHO list of essential medicines and are available in market with FDA approval.However,being anticholinergic in action,TA medication are under the suspicion of causing dementia and cognitive decline like other medications with anticholinergic action,interestingly which is incorrect.There are published reviews on chemistry,biosynthesis,phar-macology,safety concerns,biotechnological aspects of TAs but the detailed information on anticholinergic mecha-nism of action,clinical pharmacology,FDA approval and anticholinergic burden is lacking.Hence the present review tries to fill this lacuna by critically summarizing and discussing the above mentioned aspects.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(No.2020YFF01014605).
文摘Tropane alkaloids(TAs)are a kind of plant secondary metabolite that mainly originate from Solanaceae.They have potent anticholinergic activity,and are well-known anticholinergic drugs,but have also been reported as plant toxins.Many studies have been conducted on TAs,but no scientometric research has been performed.This study aimed to expound the knowledge network and development of the feld of TAs and predict the emerging development topics based on bibliometrics.In particular,this research combined VOSviewer and CiteSpace for visualization and covered 1,298 related scientifc publications(1953–2022).The research on TAs is rapidly developing,with the participation of 86 countries,1,129 research institutions,and 4,087 researchers.China,the University of Geneva,and P.Christen are the most productive country,institution,and researcher,respectively.Currently,the main research topics on TAs include biosynthesis,in vitro synthesis,chemical synthesis,and determination methods.Since 2018,the monitoring of TAs in food related to human health has shown citation burst characteristics,which is considered an emerging development trend in the future.The fndings of this study will enable researchers to quickly tap into the knowledge background/structure of TAs from massive data to provide a reference for further research.
文摘Abstract: Over the past decade, the evolving commercial importance of so-called plant secondary metabolites has resulted in a great interest in secondary metabolism and, particularly, in the possibilities to enhance the yield of fine metabolites by means of genetic engineering. Plant alkaloids, which constitute one of the largest groups of natural products, provide many pharmacologically active compounds. Several genes in the tropane alkaloids biosynthesis pathways have been cloned, making the metabolic engineering of these alkaloids possible. The content of the target chemical scopolamine could be significantly increased by various approaches, such as introducing genes encoding the key biosynthetic enzymes or genes encoding regulatory proteins to overcome the specific rate-limiting steps. In addition, antisense genes have been used to block competitive pathways. These investigations have opened up new, promising perspectives for increased production in plants or plant cell culture. Recent achievements have been made in the metabolic engineering of plant tropane alkaloids and some new powerful strategies are reviewed in the present paper.
