根据联合国粮农组织FAO提供的1950—2010年西北太平洋各沿海国的渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种营养级(TL)以及Sea Around Us Project Database提供的无脊椎动物营养级,探讨了61年来西北太平洋各沿海国渔获物平均营养级...根据联合国粮农组织FAO提供的1950—2010年西北太平洋各沿海国的渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种营养级(TL)以及Sea Around Us Project Database提供的无脊椎动物营养级,探讨了61年来西北太平洋各沿海国渔获物平均营养级的变化情况,以此判定各沿海国海洋渔业资源可持续利用情况。结果表明:除朝鲜外,其他沿海国均出现"捕捞对象沿着海洋食物网向下移动"的现象;中国、日本、韩国、俄罗斯渔获物平均营养级降低的速度分别为0.26/10a、0.21/10a、0.24/10a、0.15/10a;由于各国采取的渔业管理措施不同,导致各国渔业资源出现不同的现状。渔获物平均营养级的变化情况能够反映捕捞活动下各海域海洋生态系统的变化情况,建议西北太平洋各沿海国建立起基于渔获物统计的海洋渔业资源可持续利用评价监测系统,以掌握各国海洋生态系统结构和功能是否健康,为建立基于生态系统的渔业管理提供基础。展开更多
根据联合国粮农组织提供的1950—2015年非洲渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种营养级(Trophic level, TL)以及Sea Around Us Project Database提供的海洋无脊椎动物营养级,探讨了1950—2015年北非、东非、南非、中非和西非...根据联合国粮农组织提供的1950—2015年非洲渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种营养级(Trophic level, TL)以及Sea Around Us Project Database提供的海洋无脊椎动物营养级,探讨了1950—2015年北非、东非、南非、中非和西非的沿海国家渔获物平均营养级(Mean trophic level, MTL)的变化情况,以此来判定非洲沿海国海洋渔业资源的开发利用现状。结果表明:非洲沿海国家的海洋渔业资源开采大致经历开发不足、快速开发、过度开发阶段,1984—1991年,北非地区的海洋渔业资源遭到一定程度的破坏,高营养级渔业资源渔获量减少了33.5%,MTL由3.44降低到3.25;东非地区渔获量较其他4个区域低,目前,大部分鱼类资源处于充分捕捞利用状态;南非地区在21世纪初发生"捕捞降低海洋食物网"现象,2004—2015年,MTL恢复小幅上升趋势,渔业均衡指数(Fishing-in-balance index, FIB)趋于平稳;2013—2015年,中非地区的MTL与FIB均呈下降趋势,说明产量的增加速度不足以弥补营养级的降低,生态系统结构功能开始遭到破坏;1950—2015年,西非地区的渔获量不断增加,从上世纪60年代开始,过度捕捞现象愈加严重,低营养级鱼类数量占比呈先减少后增加趋势,2001—2012年,MTL波动下降,FIB平稳变化,说明MTL的下降由产量的增加而抵消。21世纪以来,部分北非、南非与西非沿海国家加强了资源管理,渔业资源状况有所好转。研究认为:渔获物平均营养级的下降主要由过度捕捞引起,非洲国家的管理不力加重了过度捕捞现象,建议非洲各国尽快建立起基于渔获物统计的海洋渔业资源实时监测系统,以便掌握捕捞活动下的鱼类群落结构的变动情况。展开更多
The trophic status assessment of lakes in different lake regions may provide important and fundamental information for lake trophic state classification and eutrophication control. In this study, a region-specific lak...The trophic status assessment of lakes in different lake regions may provide important and fundamental information for lake trophic state classification and eutrophication control. In this study, a region-specific lake eutrophication assessment standard was established through a frequency distribution method based on chlorophyll-a concentration. The assessment standards under the oligotrophic state for lakes in the Eastern plain, Yungui Plateau, Northeast Plain and Mountain Mongolia-Xinjiang regions are total phosphorus of 0.068, 0.005, 0.011, 0.005 mg/L; total nitrogen of 1.00, 0.16, 0.37, 0.60 mg/L; Secchi depth of 0.60, 8.00, 1.55, 3.00 m; and CODMn of 2.24, 1.00, 5.1 l, 4.00 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, a region-specific comprehensive trophic level index was developed to provide an understandable assessment method for the public. The results indicated that the frequency distribution analysis based on chlorophyll-a combined with trophic level index provided a useful metric for the assessment of the lake trophic status. In addition, the difference of eutrophication assessment standards in different lake regions was analyzed, which suggested that the sensitivities of algae to nutrients and the assessment standard of trophic status possessed significant regional differences for the four lake ecoregions. Lake eutrophication assessment standards would contribute to maximizing the effectiveness of future management strategies, to control and minimize lake eutrophication problems.展开更多
文摘根据联合国粮农组织FAO提供的1950—2010年西北太平洋各沿海国的渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种营养级(TL)以及Sea Around Us Project Database提供的无脊椎动物营养级,探讨了61年来西北太平洋各沿海国渔获物平均营养级的变化情况,以此判定各沿海国海洋渔业资源可持续利用情况。结果表明:除朝鲜外,其他沿海国均出现"捕捞对象沿着海洋食物网向下移动"的现象;中国、日本、韩国、俄罗斯渔获物平均营养级降低的速度分别为0.26/10a、0.21/10a、0.24/10a、0.15/10a;由于各国采取的渔业管理措施不同,导致各国渔业资源出现不同的现状。渔获物平均营养级的变化情况能够反映捕捞活动下各海域海洋生态系统的变化情况,建议西北太平洋各沿海国建立起基于渔获物统计的海洋渔业资源可持续利用评价监测系统,以掌握各国海洋生态系统结构和功能是否健康,为建立基于生态系统的渔业管理提供基础。
基金supported by the Mega-projects of Science Research for Water Environment Improvement (No.2009ZX07106-0012012ZX07101-002)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40901248)the China Environmental Public Welfare Program (No.2010009032)
文摘The trophic status assessment of lakes in different lake regions may provide important and fundamental information for lake trophic state classification and eutrophication control. In this study, a region-specific lake eutrophication assessment standard was established through a frequency distribution method based on chlorophyll-a concentration. The assessment standards under the oligotrophic state for lakes in the Eastern plain, Yungui Plateau, Northeast Plain and Mountain Mongolia-Xinjiang regions are total phosphorus of 0.068, 0.005, 0.011, 0.005 mg/L; total nitrogen of 1.00, 0.16, 0.37, 0.60 mg/L; Secchi depth of 0.60, 8.00, 1.55, 3.00 m; and CODMn of 2.24, 1.00, 5.1 l, 4.00 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, a region-specific comprehensive trophic level index was developed to provide an understandable assessment method for the public. The results indicated that the frequency distribution analysis based on chlorophyll-a combined with trophic level index provided a useful metric for the assessment of the lake trophic status. In addition, the difference of eutrophication assessment standards in different lake regions was analyzed, which suggested that the sensitivities of algae to nutrients and the assessment standard of trophic status possessed significant regional differences for the four lake ecoregions. Lake eutrophication assessment standards would contribute to maximizing the effectiveness of future management strategies, to control and minimize lake eutrophication problems.
