Compliance of Physicians with Standard Precautions of Handling Patients with Infectious Respiratory Disease

Background: Standard precautions (SPs) are the minimum infection prevention practices that aim to protect Health care workers (HCWs) including physicians and prevent them from transmitting the infections to their patients. Purpose: To assess the level of compliance of physicians with standard precautions of handling patients with infectious respiratory disease. Method: A cross sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in two tertiary level hospitals named M Abdur Rahim Medical College and Hospital, Dinajpur, Bangladesh and Rajshahi Medical College and Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to assess the level of compliance of physicians with standard precautions. Purposive sampling technique was applied as per inclusion criteria and data was collected by face to face interview from 285 physicians. Statistical analysis of the results was done by SPSS and a p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Result: The study revealed that maximum physicians (76.5%) handling patients with infectious respiratory disease had a moderate level of compliance with standard precautions. 78.6% of the physicians had moderate level of awareness about standard precautions. Only 20.35% of the physicians had training on infection control. 94.4% of the respondents didn’t know the component of standard precaution and most of the physicians were not aware of the sequence of wearing and removing the different components of PPEs. Conclusion: The study result implies that with increased awareness, the compliance of the physicians with standard precautions increased. The main reasons of non-compliance with standard precautions were found to be lack of resources, lack of regular training and excess workload.

Healthcare Professionals’ Adherence to Contact Precautions at a Maternal and Child Teaching Hospital

Background: Healthcare-associated infections affect hundreds of millions of patients worldwide. Children have greater susceptibility to healthcare-associated infections due to the immaturity of their immune system. Contact precautions aim to promote safety, protection and prevention of contamination. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify adherence to contact precaution measures, as well as compliance to the use of personal protective equipment. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out from July to October 2019 using a checklist to evaluate health professionals’ adherence to hand hygiene procedures and the use of gloves and surgical gowns when assisting children on contact precautions. Results: A total of 941 observations were carried out in a total of 300.532 hours. Hand hygiene was performed before and after contact with the patient in 58.84% and 75.09% of the cases, respectively and a surgical gown was used in 86.40% of the cases. The use of gloves was the variable most adhered to by professionals (87.57%). Intensive care unit professionals were the care workers who most complied with the regulation regarding hand hygiene after contact with the patient (p = 0.009) and the use of the surgical gown (p < 0.001). The correct hand hygiene technique was the recommendation with least adherence. Non-compliance to the hand hygiene technique was statistically significant among intensive care unit professionals (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Adherence to hand hygiene before contact with the patient and compliance with the hand hygiene technique were neglected by most professionals. However, there was good adherence to the use of surgical gloves and gowns, as well as high compliance to the techniques of removing these items. .

Impact of designed infection control educational program on nurses’knowledge and compliance with standard precautions at maternity hospitals

Objectives:This study aimed to assess the nurses’knowledge and compliance with infection control standard precautions and evaluate the impact of the designed infection control educational program on nurses’knowledge and compliance with standard precautions at the maternity hospital.Materials and Methods:A quasi‑experimental one‑group pretest‑posttest design was used on convenient sample of 60 nurses working at Obstetrics and Gynecological hospital in Cairo University Hospital,Kasr El Ainy,who received“designed infection control educational program”for 6 months.The data were collected through the questionnaire comprising demographics,knowledge,and compliance with standard precautions questionnaire.The nurses’knowledge and compliance score were compared before and after intervention.Results:The studied nurses had higher level of knowledge(85.3%)and compliance(92.8%)regarding infection control standard precautions after the educational program compared to before the program.The results revealed statistically significant difference between before and after the program regarding nurses’knowledge score(15.5±2.9 vs.17.1±1.6,P<0.001)and compliance score(58.5±13.2 vs.74.3±5.1,P<0.001).In addition,there was insignificant relation between nurses’knowledge and compliance with standard precautions both before(r=0.952,P=0.474)and after educational program(r=0.164,P=0.223).Conclusion:The nurses’level of knowledge and compliance regarding infection control standard precautions was significantly improved after the program.Therefore,it is recommended that periodical educational programs regarding the standard precautions of infection control are essential for nurses at maternity hospital.

Techniques and Precautions of Sod Culture in Citrus Orchards in Sichuan Province

Citrus is an important fruit in Sichuan,accounting for 52.6%fruit yield of the whole Sichuan Province.In recent years,citrus has expanded its original cultivation and planting area in Sichuan,and the planting area has continued to increase.In terms of citrus cultivation methods,the sod culture has become a hot spot.This paper focused on the benefits of sod culture in citrus orchards,the selection of grass species,and the cultivation techniques.It analyzed the problems that should be paid attention to in sod culture in citrus orchards,in order to provide a theoretical basis for production and cultivation of fruit farmers.

机械工程trouble-shooting案例分析教学与动手能力培养

通过trouble shooting案例的分析、讨论、实例讲解,力图引导、启发和培养学生在实际工作中如何去发现问题、如何对已有知识、经验、技能的灵活处理和技术知识的转移、搬迁、嫁接、变异、变通和改进等方面的技巧和动手能力,目的是使学生学习达到“鱼”、“渔”共获。

Safely Using TCM Herbs： Adverse Reactions and Precautions

Although most people believe that herbal remedies are relatively safe to use, some are toxic or possess adverse reactions, especially when used incorrectly.Commonly used TCM herbs with known adverse reactions, as well as the most toxic herbs in the Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China are listed as follows:

Challenges and Adherence to Standard Precautions for Prevention of Percutaneous Injuries and Exposure to Blood Borne Pathogens in Clinical Practice: A Review

Background: Standard Precautions (SP) was introduced by Centre for Disease Control to minimise the risks of disease transmission in the process of healthcare. Many factors are thought to influence the knowledge and the practice of these measures. Objective: To review challenges and adherence to SP for the prevention of percutaneous injuries and exposure to patients’ blood in clinical practice. Methods: The World Wide Web sites such as, Pub Med central, Google scholar were searched using key words such as percutaneous, needle stick injuries, standard precautions, adherence. Relevant articles were reviewed and included based on defined criteria. Results: The prevalence of needle stick injuries (NSI) varies among health care workers (HCWs) and across countries and is as high as 73% among some groups. The knowledge of SP varied among HCWs in different nations;however the practice of SP was noted to be lower than knowledge across most studies. Majority of HCWs in developing countries that sustained NSI failed to report the incident to appropriate authorities. Adherence to Standard Precautions is influenced by lack of proper training, poor supplies, low commitment of HCWs and health facility managers etc. Conclusion: Needle stick injuries and exposure to patients’ blood remain a risk for disease transmission among HCWs. Despite appreciable knowledge of standard precautions, the practice has remained low across the globe. Factors that had positive influence on practice of SP such as use of devices with safety features, adherence to infection control guideline, comfortable working environment, repeated and intense training etc. should be adopted and promoted.

Contamination Precautions for Chemicals Which May Be Used in Drinking Water Treatment

The present study aims to treat some aspects of environmental contamination under the focus of the principle of precaution, which is based on ideas and discussion about the concerns of society regarding ethics, the environment, water resources, the risk of contamination, and the uncertainties of technological applications in all areas of human knowledge. In the assessment of these scenarios it was decided to evaluate, under a critical view, the chemicals used in the treatment of drinking water, which could cause health problems, directly or indirectly, in the population. Some samples of commercial aluminium sulphate were analysed, concluding that there was a need for physical and chemical assessments to identify the origins of the raw materials used in its manufacturing process.

Health Facilities Readiness to Implement Standard Precautions for Infection Prevention and Control in Tanzania: Lesson Learnt from SARA Reports

Introduction: Standard Precautions are a set of measures applied in the care of all individuals/patients regardless of their infectious status aiming at preventing healthcare workers and patients from infections, preventing environmental contamination and spread of infections to the community. Many health facilities have not implemented them to an acceptable level. The purpose of the study is to report progress of improvement in health facilities readiness to implement standard precautions for infection prevention and control based on SARA reports. Methods: We generated mean scores of all standard precautions each year and calculated their standard deviations, variances and confidence intervals. One-way ANOVA was used to determine if the mean scores were equal. Finally, the trend of improvement in health facilities readiness to implement the standard precautions was generated. Results: A total of nine standard precautions were reported in SARA reports for 2012, 2017 and 2020. The mean scores of the standard precautions were 52.22% in 2012, 64.55% in 2017 and 69.66% in 2020. The overall trend showed an increase in health facilities readiness to implement standard precautions, although the mean scores were not statistically different (p-value 0.3217). Conclusion: SARA surveys conducted in Tanzania in 2012, 2017 and 2020 have shown an overall increase in health facilities readiness to implement standard precautions. Safe final waste disposal was being done in fewest facilities while single-use or auto-disable syringes were in most facilities that were sampled in all years. SARA surveys may be a useful way to evaluate Infection Prevention and Control adherence in health facilities.

Precautions before starting tofacitinib in persons with rheumatoid arthritis

Tofacitinib is an immunosuppressive and disease-modifying therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.It may result in many infections flaring up.It is important to take precautions of all kinds(cardiovascular,malignancy,infections etc.)before starting tofacitinib.In this article,we have highlighted important steps where we need to take precautions before starting tofacitinib.

Midwives and Nurses Compliance with Standard Precautions in Palestinian Hospitals

Midwives and nurses should use the standard precautions as the basic level of infection control precautions when delivering care to all patients, regardless of their presumed infection status. Therefore midwifes and nurses should have sound knowledge and compliance with standard precaution. Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the level of the compliance of standard precautions among the midwives and nurses in the Palestinian Hospitals. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted from May to June 2015 on 81 midwives and nurses from Palestinian hospitals. The data were collected from labor rooms and postpartum departments of Palestinian hospitals. Data were collected using pretested questionnaire on 81 midwives and nurses selected by convenience sample. Results: The current study showed that the average of standard precautions knowledge level and compliance are 74.6% and 83.8% respectively. There are an association between age, education, work experience, and compliance with standard precautions at p p < 0.05 (0.191). Conclusion: The midwives and nurses in the current study for both knowledge and compliance have high level regarding standard precautions. There is an association between age, education, work experience, and compliance with standard precautions. Recommendations: Knowledge of midwives and nurses should be updated;the importance of latest evidence-based practices of infection control in continuing education/training program should be emphasized;and training programs for newly midwives and nurses about standard precaution and at regular intervals should be provided.

Safely Using TCM Herbs: Adverse Reaction and Precautions (Continued)

Chan su (Venenum Bufonis,蟾酥)Its main active and toxic constituent is bufotoxin, which has a function similar to digitalis glycosides.Adverse reactions and toxicity: Chan su, althoughit is used in patent preparations, is traditionally known for its toxicity and is seldom used in decoctions. Toxicity is often due to over dosage of the patents, such as Liushenwan (六神丸) and Houzhengwan (喉症丸). After administration

Online Sourcing - Take Precautions

With trade of over $100 billion in 2009, the importance of China and Africa bilateral exchanges are growing daily. This blooming relationship increases the need of understanding the ways of doing business.This regular column will provide a practical insight of doing business in China, including tips and advice based on experience.

TREATMENT OF TEN CASES OF CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME WITH CHINESE HERBS,ACUPUNCTURE, AND DIET PRECAUTIONS

Ten cases of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were treated for 4 weeks by acupuncture, Chinese herbs and diet precautions. Diagnosis of CFS was determined by conventional medicine criteria(CDC criteria for CFS), physical examination, and routine laboratory tests. TCM diagnosis of CFS relied on Four Examination Methods and Eight Principal Patterns. They were diagnosed as Ganyu Qizhi (liver and qi stagnation) and Pixu Qiruo (spleen and qi deficiency). The treatment method is to disperse the liver and facilitate qi, rehabilitate the spleen and strengthen qi (Shugan Liqi, Jianpi Yiqi). The result of the treatment indicated that the total effective rate was 100% in terms of fatigue, difficulty concentrating, headache, sore throat, muscle pain, joint aches, feverishness, rapid pulse, insomnia, depression, irregular menses, abdominal cramps, and night sweats. The percentages of specific symptoms of CFS in the patients were comparable to the conventional medical record (Table 1).

2012—2022年北京市石景山区肺结核流行特征分析

目的:分析2012—2022年北京市石景山区肺结核流行特征,为以后更好开展结核病防治工作提供科学依据。方法:通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”的子系统“结核病信息管理系统”,收集2012—2022年北京市石景山区肺结核患者相关资料,包括性别、年龄、职业、病原学情况、现住址等,采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果:2012—2022年石景山区共报告肺结核患者1954例,年均报告发病率为28.60/10万。肺结核报告发病率由2012年的35.70/10万(231例)下降到2022年的21.85/10万(123例),总体呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=40.035,P<0.001)。报告肺结核患者中,男性1288例,女性666例,性别比为1.93∶1,男性报告发病率(37.44/10万,1288/3 440 000)高于女性(19.63/10万,666/3 392 000),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=189.416,P<0.001)。0~14岁、15~64岁、≥65岁3个年龄组肺结核报告发病率分别为2.76/10万(19/688 973)、25.69/10万(1372/5 341 527)和69.21/10万(563/813 409),≥65岁年龄组报告发病率明显高于0~14岁和15~64岁年龄组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=647.183,P<0.001)。职业分布前5位的是离退休人员(33.88%,662/1954)、家务及待业(21.19%,414/1954)、干部职员(9.88%,193/1954)、工人(8.55%,167/1954)、学生及教师(6.14%,120/1954)。第2季度报告肺结核患者例数最多(26.36%,515/1954),其次是第4季度(25.03%,489/1954),第1季度(23.80%,465/1954)最少。结论:2012—2022年北京市石景山区肺结核报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,≥65岁老年人是石景山区肺结核防控的重点人群,应采取有效措施,尽早发现老年患者,及时采取治疗措施。

移动护理信息系统的建设体会

随着医疗信息化的不断发展,移动护理信息系统已成为医疗机构提高护理工作效率、减少医疗风险、提高护理服务质量的重要手段。为实现过程控制和质量管理,该研究对医院移动护理信息系统的系统构建、业务流程、系统功能、建设注意事项、应用效果进行分析。结果表明,应用移动护理信息系统后的日均护理工作时长减少206.03 h、患者满意度提升至97.10%、护理不良事件发生率降至1.20%(P<0.05),可显著提高护理人员的工作效率、质量。

密集城区深基坑工程施工安全管理研究--以某中医院工程为例

随着城市化进程的加速,高层建筑和地下空间的利用越来越普遍,深基坑工程也日益增多。而深基坑工程施工事故频发,且一旦发生事故,极易造成群死群伤,后果严重,究其原因,主要是相关管理经验不足,施工过程管理控制措施不到位。近10年来,深基坑开挖和支护成为国内岩土工程最为关注的问题之一。该文以某中医院工程为例,就深基坑的类型、适用范围及施工安全风险进行了剖析,并结合案例,总结了一些对于密集城区深基坑施工的安全管理经验,为类似工程提供参考。

氢化物原子荧光光谱分析中的故障及其排除

阐述了氢化物原子荧光光谱分析中的常见故障及其排除方法。

沙坦类药物的临床特点和注意事项

沙坦类药物属于血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂(ARB),具有降低血压、逆转左心室肥厚、脑血管保护、肾脏保护等作用,常见有氯沙坦、缬沙坦、厄贝沙坦、替米沙坦、阿利沙坦、阿齐沙坦等。本文详细介绍了沙坦类药物的作用特点及注意事项,以期更好地指导临床合理用药。