Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frames considering shear failure at beam-column joints

Since most current seismic capacity evaluations of reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are implemented by either static pushover analysis （PA） or dynamic time history analysis, with diverse settings of the plastic hinges （PHs） on such main structural components as columns, beams and walls, the complex behavior of shear failure at beam-column joints （BCJs） during major earthquakes is commonly neglected. This study proposes new nonlinear PA procedures that consider shear failure at BCJs and seek to assess the actual damage to RC structures. Based on the specifications of FEMA-356, a simplified joint model composed of two nonlinear cross struts placed diagonally over the location of the plastic hinge is established, allowing a sophisticated PA to be performed. To verify the validity of this method, the analytical results for the capacity curves and the failure mechanism derived from three different full-size RC frames are compared with the experimental measurements. By considering shear failure at BCJs, the proposed nonlinear analytical procedures can be used to estimate the structural behavior of RC frames, including seismic capacity and the progressive failure sequence of joints, in a precise and effective manner.

Equivalent continuum modeling of beam-like truss structures with flexible joints

The paper investigated the equivalent continuum modeling of beam-like repetitive truss structures considering the flexibility of joints,which models the contact between the truss member and joint by spring-damper with six directional stiffnesses and dampings.Firstly,a two-node hybrid joint-beam element was derived for modeling the truss member with flexible end joints,and a condensed model for the repeating element with flexible joints was obtained.Then,the energy equivalence method was adopted to equivalently model the truss structure with flexible joints and material damping as a spatial viscoelastic anisotropic beam model.Afterwards,the equations of motion for the equivalent beam model were derived and solved analytically in the frequency domain.In the numerical studies,the correctness of the presented method was verified by comparisons of the natural frequencies and frequency responses evaluated by the equivalent beam model with the results of the finite element method model.

Seismic Behaviour of Beam-Column Joints of Precast and Partial Steel Reinforced Concrete

A beam-column joint of precast and partial steel reinforced concrete( PPSRC) is proposed for precast reinforced concrete frames. The PPSRC consists of partial steel and reinforced concrete. The partial steel is located in the core joint region and the connections between concrete members. This paper presents an experimental study of a series of PPSRC specimens. These specimens are tested under low cyclic loading.Experimental results demonstrate that the bearing capacity of the PPSRC specimens is 3 times that of the ordinary reinforced concrete( RC) beam-column joints. The strength and stiffness degradation rates are slower compared with that of the RC beam-column joints. In addition,the strength of the core joint region and the connections is higher than other parts of the PPSRC specimens. Beam failure occurs firstly for the PPSRC specimens,followed by column failure and connections failure. The failure of the core joint region occurs finally.Test results show that the seismic performance of the PPSRC is better than that of the ordinary RC beam-column joints.

Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis of Joint Dominated Space Deployable Truss Structures

Joints are necessary components in the larger space deployable truss structures which have significant effect on the dynamics behavior of these deployable joint-dominated structures. Four kinds of joints' nonlinear force-displacement relationship are analyzed based on describing function method. The dynamic responses of one-DOF jointed system under different exciting force levels are investigated to understand the influence of joint nonlinearity on dynamic responses. The influences of joint characterizing parameters on joint nonlinearities are analyzed. Dynamic responses of the modular beam-like deployable joint-dominated truss structure are tested under different sinusoidal exciting force levels. The experimental results show obvious nonlinear behaviors contributed by joints that dynamic response shifts to lower resonance frequency and higher amplitude with the increase of exciting force. The nonlinearity of the joints in the tested structure is compared with the theoretical results and identified to meet with the hysteresis nonlinearity.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for the Beam-Column Joint Subjected to Cyclic Loading Was Performed Using ANSYS

This paper analyses the seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints strengthened with unconventional reinforcement detailing. The beam-column joint specimens were tested with reverse cyclic loading applied at the beam end. The samples were divided into two groups based on the joint reinforcement detailing. The first group (Group A) of three non-ductility specimens had joint detailing in accordance with the construction code of practice in India IS456-2000, and the second group (Group B) of three ductility specimens had joint reinforcement detailed as per IS13920-1993, with similar axial load cases as the first group. The experimental studies are proven with the analytical studies carried out by finite element models using ANSYS. The results show that the hysteresis simulation is satisfactory for both un-strengthened and ferrocement strengthened specimens. Furthermore, when ferrocement strengthening is employed, the strengthened beam-column joints exhibit better structural performance than the un-strengthened specimens of about 31.56% and 38.98 for DD-T1 and DD-T2 respectively. The analytical shear strength predictions were in line with the test results reported in the literature, thus adding confidence to the validity of the proposed models.

Mechanic Analysis of the Key Node in Steel Truss Bridge

Steel truss bridges are frequently used in bridge engineering because of their good ability of spanning capacity, construction and light self-weight. Main trusses are the critical component of steel truss bridge and the main truss are made of truss members linked by integral joints. This paper presents the mechanic performance of key joints, and the codified design of joints in steel truss girders according to the latest European norms. The results showed that the fatigue resistance of welded joints evaluation is necessary to predict, detect, and repair the crack in time for the safety service life of the bridge. The stresses of integral joint are greater than that of truss members;the stresses in the center area of the integral joint are greater than the stress at the edge.

基于声发射信号时频图深度学习的桥梁钢桁架焊接节点损伤程度识别

针对桥梁钢桁架疲劳损伤识别难度大、精度低的现状,提出基于声发射信号时频分析与深度学习的钢桁架焊接节点损伤程度识别方法。对桁架节点在桥梁运营状态下产生的声发射信号进行小波变换,表征不同损伤程度信号的时频能量分布模式,然后建立卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)模型对时频图进行损伤特征提取,并通过迁移学习思想提升模型的训练效率和学习能力,从而实现桁架焊接节点严重损伤、轻微损伤和噪声工况的准确识别。进一步对模型各卷积层激活区域进行可视化分析,解剖模型的损伤特征学习过程及分类逻辑。某悬索桥中央纵向腹板钢桁架焊接节点现场试验结果表明:相较于利用时域波形进行特征学习的一维卷积神经网络模型,时频图包含了更丰富的损伤信息,所建立的二维卷积神经网络模型对钢桁架焊接节点三种损伤程度的识别准确率超过94%,具有更强鲁棒性和实际应用价值。

应急钢桁梁桥钢销节点疲劳性能分析

应急钢桁梁作为拼装式结构,反复安拆及倒运过程中可能导致销孔连接位置出现损伤,对其使用寿命产生影响。以某128 m跨应急钢桁梁桥为研究对象,缩短销孔边距,模拟钢桁梁销孔损伤影响,开展疲劳性能试验及仿真模拟,研究钢销节点疲劳性能。结果表明,静力仿真结果与疲劳试验结果具有较好的一致性,验证了模型的可靠性;试验钢销节点损伤后的疲劳寿命仅为16980次,FE-SAFE仿真分析求得疲劳寿命为20592次,两者较为接近,进一步验证了疲劳试验结果的可靠性。考虑销孔损伤的疲劳寿命与正常状态相比差异显著,说明销孔损伤会大幅降低其疲劳寿命。因此应注意应急钢桁梁杆件保护,同时加强钢销节点质量控制。

香溪长江大桥施工风险联合评估模型研究及应用

文中以香溪长江大桥主拱肋合龙利用施工风险模型构建为例,考虑先验数据与主拱肋合龙误差的因果关系,构建贝叶斯网络拓扑结构.以中心极限定理(CLT)方式,利用动态多源监控数据更新网络中父节点先验分布.有限元分析与BP神经网络结合,在合龙误差与系列影响参数之间建立对应关系,通过蒙特卡罗法确定了概率分布,实现了联合施工风险误差的定量预测.结果表明:香溪长江大桥的拱肋竖向误差风险概率具有传递性,拱肋合龙误差在75~125 mm的风险等级达到了IV级,因此施工过程中应该对锚索预应力、扣塔偏移、当地气温严密监控.施工风险联合预测模型的计算值与工程实际合龙控制误差趋势吻合.

拱形钢桁梁桥结构分析与构造细节设计

钢桁架结构通常节点密集,设计复杂多样。现结合绍兴市某拱形下承式钢桁梁桥,介绍其总体布置、结构设计,并基于有限元分析理论,采用通用有限元软件ANSYS对该桥的活荷载计算模式、上下弦杆节点、梁端节点、横肋与下弦杆及小纵梁相交节点的构造细节设计进行计算对比分析。研究表明,整体式节点设计中节点板处竖杆腹板采用渐变断开式设计,可满足应力、屈曲稳定的要求;拱梁结合点处的应力集中范围与大小受圆弧半径、支点相对位置的影响,支点靠近拱梁结合点对结构受力有利;支撑桥面板的横肋下翼缘可与小纵梁、下弦杆采用半刚性节点,虽一定程度上会增大翼缘断开范围腹板应力,但整体应力水平较低。

小半径曲线双层桁架桥设计研究

随着国内桥梁大规模建设,双层桁架桥梁逐渐增多,直线钢桁结构的设计与应用较为成熟,曲线桁架结构的研究较少。依托贵阳市人民大道筑城广场大桥,研究了小半径曲线桁架桥的合理构造布置,通过Midas Civil进行结构整体受力分析,采用ANSYS对关键节点受力性能进行研究,为小半径曲线双层桁架梁桥设计及施工提供可靠的理论和技术支持。

中山香山大桥主桥主梁结构设计

中山香山大桥主桥为双层钢桁梁公路斜拉桥,跨径布置为(136+312+880+312+136)m。桥塔采用人字形混凝土塔,下设整体式钻孔灌注桩;斜拉索采用∅7 mm高强度锌-铝合金镀层平行钢丝索;约束体系采用带纵向阻尼器的半飘浮体系。主梁采用2片N形主桁的钢桁梁结构,桁宽42.2 m,标准梁段桁高2.8 m。上、下弦杆和腹杆均采用带加劲肋的箱形截面,横梁均采用鱼腹式。边跨187.2 m范围内下层桥面采用混凝土桥面板起压重作用,其余上、下层桥面板均采用正交异性钢桥面板。下层纵向钢-混结合段位于辅助墩往跨中第4个节段,距辅助墩51.2 m,设置承压板、支撑加劲肋、预应力钢束、剪力钉和PBL板;横向钢-混结合段位于下层行车道两侧钢桥面板和混凝土桥面板之间(距下弦杆2.2 m处),设置剪力钉、PBL板和1.3 m宽UHPC后浇段。采用有限元软件进行全桥整体受力分析及桥面板局部分析,结果表明:结构满足规范要求。主梁采用大节段整体吊装施工,标准吊装节段长度为25.6 m,节段间除钢桥面板和弦杆顶板采用焊接外,其余均采用高强度螺栓连接。

负荷钢桁桥节点连接加固设计方法研究

负荷钢桁桥节点连接在受力情况下加固,面临着加固件及原构件受力不同步、原构件不可随意拆卸、加固后传力路径复杂等问题。钢桁桥设计往往采用“强节点,弱杆身”的原则,节点连接加固的同时,其连接杆身往往需要一起加固,两者不可分割,连接构造对传力效果及其有效性起到关键性作用。依托上海市松浦大桥大修工程,以控制既有原构件满足现行规范要求为原则,围绕负荷钢桁桥节点连接加固设计展开研究。首先,对4种节点连接加固构造方案进行了分析,指出负荷钢桁桥节点连接加固设计应尽量避免原连接件的拆除,并应与杆身加固件的连接构造统筹考虑;然后,基于构造方案4,给出3种节点连接加固计算方法及流程,并通过算例说明了3种方法的不同之处,提出节点连接加固后应为杆身加固件传力提供足够的支撑刚度,避免在杆身端部加固件内力向原构件转移;最后,通过成桥试验结果,对设计进行校正,论证了设计方法的正确性。

Truss Spar平台桁架管节点疲劳分析

Truss Spar平台在风、浪、流的作用下,结构受力十分复杂,准确分析其疲劳强度相当困难。通过建立Truss Spar平台三维有限元模型,利用HydroD软件进行载荷预报、波浪搜索,得到产生最大应力幅响应的最不利浪向和相位角。运用Sestra软件进行整体有限元分析,得到的结果作为桁架管节点细化模型的边界条件,再用Nastran软件进行局部分析求得节点的热点应力,修正壁厚影响。最后根据DNV规范的S-N曲线计算了管节点的疲劳寿命。

波浪形钢桁架复杂节点焊接施工及质量控制技术

厦门某新建高铁站站房工程的屋盖主体为大跨度高空间波浪形钢桁架结构,屋盖主要采用管桁架结构体系,结构最大高度55.50 m。支撑钢柱主要为6根大截面十字钢骨柱转组合开花柱,开花柱的四角钢柱与中部钢柱一起延伸至屋盖底部,并通过铸钢件与屋盖桁架连接,开花柱与屋盖桁架连接节点涉及多种不同等级钢材、管径及壁厚的杆件与铸钢件对接,并且存在箱型构件与铸钢件对接,连接节点复杂繁密。文章通过对复杂节点进行建模分析并结合工艺特点进行深化设计,制定了一套可行性高,实用性强的专项焊接工艺,实现在高效施焊的同时确保焊接质量的稳定可靠。

钢桁梁栈桥节点连接处理及有限元分析

利用MIDAS/Civil建立钢桁梁有限元模型,对杆件节点采用不同的连接处理,并在实际钢桁梁各杆件位置埋设应变监测元件,将实测值与计算值进行对比分析,从而验证模型建立的正确性。结果表明,通过对各节点采用不同的连接处理,并考虑杆件截面锈蚀削弱,各杆件在单工况下实际应力及变形与计算值较吻合,能够为同类型钢栈桥计算提供一定借鉴。

钢桁梁悬索桥十字接头焊缝工艺研究

随着焊接技术水平的不断提高,焊接接头的质量越来越可靠;十字接头焊缝设计越来越多地应用于大跨径钢桁梁悬索桥钢结构的关键传力部位。文章以牂牁江特大桥主跨1080 m的双塔单跨简支钢桁梁悬索桥钢结构制造为背景,通过钢桁梁悬索桥十字接头焊缝的设计要求,从坡口型式及尺寸、焊接方法、焊接材料、焊接规范参数及无损检测要求等方面,研究制定了钢桁梁悬索桥十字接头焊缝的焊接工艺及生产过程中焊接质量的控制措施,成功指导了本桥钢桁梁悬索桥十字接头焊缝的焊接生产,也为今后其它桥梁钢结构十字接头焊缝的焊接生产积累了经验。

Seismic performance of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete composite frame joints

To investigate the seismic performance of a composite frame comprised of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete （SRUHSC） columns and steel reinforced concrete （SRC） beams, six interior frame joint specimens were designed and tested under low cyclically lateral load. The effects of the axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio were studied on the characteristics of the frame joint performance including crack pattern, failure mode, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, strength degradation and rigidity degradation. It was found that all joint specimens behaved in a ductile manner with flexural-shear failure in the joint core region while plastic hinges appeared at the beam ends. The ductility and energy absorption capacity of joints increased as the axial load ratio decreased and the volumetric stirIup ratio increased. The displacement ductility coefficient and equivalent damping coefficient of the joints fell between the corresponding coefficients of the steel reinforced concrete （SRC） frame joint and RC frame joint. The axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio have less influence on the strength degradation and more influence on the stiffness degradation. The stiffness of the joint degrades more significantly for a low volumetric stirrup ratio and high axial load ratio. The characteristics obtained from the SRUHSC composite frame joint specimens with better seismic performance may be a useful reference in future engineering applications.

Seismic performance and global ductility of RC frames rehabilitated with retrofi tted joints by CFRP laminates

This paper presents a new FRP retrofi tting scheme to strengthen local beam-column joints in reinforced concrete(RC) frames.The new retrofi tting scheme was proposed following a preliminary study of four different existing retrofi tting schemes.A numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete frames by bridging behavior of local joints to the whole structure.Local confi nement effects due to varying retrofi tting schemes in the joints were simulated in the frame model.The seismic behavior factor was used to evaluate the seismic performance of the strengthened RC frames.The results demonstrated that the new proposed retrofi tting scheme was robust and promising,and fi nite element analysis appropriately captured the strength and global ductility of the frame due to upgrading of the local joints.

Study on Strengthening of RC Beam Column Joint Using Hybrid FRP Composites

Beam-Column joints are critical zones in reinforced concrete structures which are most vulnerable to earthquake forces. Hence strengthening beam-column joint is vital to save the structure and its inhabitants in case of seismic forces. Numerous retrofitting works using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are being undertaken worldwide. This work aims to investigate the effectiveness of strengthening beam-column joints using natural and artificial fibres. In this study, basalt (natural fibres) as monolithic composite (BFRP) and as hybrid composite along with glass (artificial fibres) were used for strengthening of beam-column joints. Totally six specimens were prepared and tested under monotonic loading. Specimen details used were: two control specimen, two specimens for monolithic wrapping and remaining two specimens for hybrid wrapping. The test results were compared with control and rehabilitated specimens. The performance of the treated joints was studied using the following parameters: initial and ultimate cracking loads, energy absorption, deflection ductility and stiffness at ultimate. From the test results, it was found that the hybrid combination of Basalt and Glass FRPs were found to be more effective in the treatment of beam-column joints. The strong column weak beam concept was achieved by failure in beam portion which helped in preventing the catastrophic failure of the entire structure.