Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frames considering shear failure at beam-column joints

Since most current seismic capacity evaluations of reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are implemented by either static pushover analysis （PA） or dynamic time history analysis, with diverse settings of the plastic hinges （PHs） on such main structural components as columns, beams and walls, the complex behavior of shear failure at beam-column joints （BCJs） during major earthquakes is commonly neglected. This study proposes new nonlinear PA procedures that consider shear failure at BCJs and seek to assess the actual damage to RC structures. Based on the specifications of FEMA-356, a simplified joint model composed of two nonlinear cross struts placed diagonally over the location of the plastic hinge is established, allowing a sophisticated PA to be performed. To verify the validity of this method, the analytical results for the capacity curves and the failure mechanism derived from three different full-size RC frames are compared with the experimental measurements. By considering shear failure at BCJs, the proposed nonlinear analytical procedures can be used to estimate the structural behavior of RC frames, including seismic capacity and the progressive failure sequence of joints, in a precise and effective manner.

Equivalent continuum modeling of beam-like truss structures with flexible joints

The paper investigated the equivalent continuum modeling of beam-like repetitive truss structures considering the flexibility of joints,which models the contact between the truss member and joint by spring-damper with six directional stiffnesses and dampings.Firstly,a two-node hybrid joint-beam element was derived for modeling the truss member with flexible end joints,and a condensed model for the repeating element with flexible joints was obtained.Then,the energy equivalence method was adopted to equivalently model the truss structure with flexible joints and material damping as a spatial viscoelastic anisotropic beam model.Afterwards,the equations of motion for the equivalent beam model were derived and solved analytically in the frequency domain.In the numerical studies,the correctness of the presented method was verified by comparisons of the natural frequencies and frequency responses evaluated by the equivalent beam model with the results of the finite element method model.

Seismic Behaviour of Beam-Column Joints of Precast and Partial Steel Reinforced Concrete

A beam-column joint of precast and partial steel reinforced concrete( PPSRC) is proposed for precast reinforced concrete frames. The PPSRC consists of partial steel and reinforced concrete. The partial steel is located in the core joint region and the connections between concrete members. This paper presents an experimental study of a series of PPSRC specimens. These specimens are tested under low cyclic loading.Experimental results demonstrate that the bearing capacity of the PPSRC specimens is 3 times that of the ordinary reinforced concrete( RC) beam-column joints. The strength and stiffness degradation rates are slower compared with that of the RC beam-column joints. In addition,the strength of the core joint region and the connections is higher than other parts of the PPSRC specimens. Beam failure occurs firstly for the PPSRC specimens,followed by column failure and connections failure. The failure of the core joint region occurs finally.Test results show that the seismic performance of the PPSRC is better than that of the ordinary RC beam-column joints.

Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis of Joint Dominated Space Deployable Truss Structures

Joints are necessary components in the larger space deployable truss structures which have significant effect on the dynamics behavior of these deployable joint-dominated structures. Four kinds of joints' nonlinear force-displacement relationship are analyzed based on describing function method. The dynamic responses of one-DOF jointed system under different exciting force levels are investigated to understand the influence of joint nonlinearity on dynamic responses. The influences of joint characterizing parameters on joint nonlinearities are analyzed. Dynamic responses of the modular beam-like deployable joint-dominated truss structure are tested under different sinusoidal exciting force levels. The experimental results show obvious nonlinear behaviors contributed by joints that dynamic response shifts to lower resonance frequency and higher amplitude with the increase of exciting force. The nonlinearity of the joints in the tested structure is compared with the theoretical results and identified to meet with the hysteresis nonlinearity.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for the Beam-Column Joint Subjected to Cyclic Loading Was Performed Using ANSYS

This paper analyses the seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints strengthened with unconventional reinforcement detailing. The beam-column joint specimens were tested with reverse cyclic loading applied at the beam end. The samples were divided into two groups based on the joint reinforcement detailing. The first group (Group A) of three non-ductility specimens had joint detailing in accordance with the construction code of practice in India IS456-2000, and the second group (Group B) of three ductility specimens had joint reinforcement detailed as per IS13920-1993, with similar axial load cases as the first group. The experimental studies are proven with the analytical studies carried out by finite element models using ANSYS. The results show that the hysteresis simulation is satisfactory for both un-strengthened and ferrocement strengthened specimens. Furthermore, when ferrocement strengthening is employed, the strengthened beam-column joints exhibit better structural performance than the un-strengthened specimens of about 31.56% and 38.98 for DD-T1 and DD-T2 respectively. The analytical shear strength predictions were in line with the test results reported in the literature, thus adding confidence to the validity of the proposed models.

Mechanic Analysis of the Key Node in Steel Truss Bridge

Steel truss bridges are frequently used in bridge engineering because of their good ability of spanning capacity, construction and light self-weight. Main trusses are the critical component of steel truss bridge and the main truss are made of truss members linked by integral joints. This paper presents the mechanic performance of key joints, and the codified design of joints in steel truss girders according to the latest European norms. The results showed that the fatigue resistance of welded joints evaluation is necessary to predict, detect, and repair the crack in time for the safety service life of the bridge. The stresses of integral joint are greater than that of truss members;the stresses in the center area of the integral joint are greater than the stress at the edge.

大跨度公铁合建斜拉桥钢混板-桁组合梁关键节点空间受力特性

针对大跨度公铁合建斜拉桥—主跨808 m洪奇沥特大桥新型钢混板-桁组合梁的关键节点—辅助墩顶钢混节点,采用ANSYS软件建立钢桁-混凝土板组合梁部分节段细化的全桥多尺度有限元模型,分析边跨组合梁节点在受力最不利工况下的受力规律及传力特性,并讨论下弦杆等杆件截面等结构参数变化对节点受力、传力的影响规律。结果表明:最不利组合工况下,边跨组合梁辅助墩顶钢混节点处钢结构最不利Mises应力为265.9 MPa,混凝土局部最大名义拉应力为9.2 MPa,导致局部开裂而受力转移至钢结构;在辅助墩顶局部负弯矩影响下,内外节点板处应力总体呈“倒V”形分布,混凝土顶面及底面分别呈“鞍形”及“倒鞍”形分布;节点处下弦杆(含管内混凝土)、竖杆分别传递77.86%和40.15%荷载,为纵向、竖向主要传力构件;混凝土桥面厚度变化对自身应力影响明显,其厚度和下弦杆截面面积对纵向传力比影响大,竖杆截面面积对自身竖向传力影响相对明显;混凝土厚度及下弦杆、斜腹杆、竖杆截面为节点受力、传力的主要影响因素,其系数在0.8~1.1时,组合梁关键节点各构件应力及传力比均较为合理。

基于声发射信号时频图深度学习的桥梁钢桁架焊接节点损伤程度识别

针对桥梁钢桁架疲劳损伤识别难度大、精度低的现状,提出基于声发射信号时频分析与深度学习的钢桁架焊接节点损伤程度识别方法。对桁架节点在桥梁运营状态下产生的声发射信号进行小波变换,表征不同损伤程度信号的时频能量分布模式,然后建立卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)模型对时频图进行损伤特征提取,并通过迁移学习思想提升模型的训练效率和学习能力,从而实现桁架焊接节点严重损伤、轻微损伤和噪声工况的准确识别。进一步对模型各卷积层激活区域进行可视化分析,解剖模型的损伤特征学习过程及分类逻辑。某悬索桥中央纵向腹板钢桁架焊接节点现场试验结果表明:相较于利用时域波形进行特征学习的一维卷积神经网络模型,时频图包含了更丰富的损伤信息,所建立的二维卷积神经网络模型对钢桁架焊接节点三种损伤程度的识别准确率超过94%,具有更强鲁棒性和实际应用价值。

环氧树脂混凝土装配式桁架下弦K型节点力学试验及有限元分析

通过静力试验研究了环氧树脂混凝土装配式桁架下弦K型节点的破坏形态、承载能力和节点板的应力与应变分布情况,并进行了有限元模拟分析。结果表明:环氧树脂混凝土下弦K型节点在下弦杆靠近节点板的两侧出现5条竖直裂缝,最终节点板左侧下弦杆处的竖直裂缝前后贯通,弦杆发生拉弯破坏,节点的极限承载力为421.5 kN;有限元模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了有限元模拟的可靠性。

应急钢桁梁桥钢销节点疲劳性能分析

应急钢桁梁作为拼装式结构,反复安拆及倒运过程中可能导致销孔连接位置出现损伤,对其使用寿命产生影响。以某128 m跨应急钢桁梁桥为研究对象,缩短销孔边距,模拟钢桁梁销孔损伤影响,开展疲劳性能试验及仿真模拟,研究钢销节点疲劳性能。结果表明,静力仿真结果与疲劳试验结果具有较好的一致性,验证了模型的可靠性;试验钢销节点损伤后的疲劳寿命仅为16980次,FE-SAFE仿真分析求得疲劳寿命为20592次,两者较为接近,进一步验证了疲劳试验结果的可靠性。考虑销孔损伤的疲劳寿命与正常状态相比差异显著,说明销孔损伤会大幅降低其疲劳寿命。因此应注意应急钢桁梁杆件保护,同时加强钢销节点质量控制。

河北宁晋体育馆结构设计及拱脚节点试验研究

河北宁晋体育馆屋盖结构造型复杂,采用钢结构拱桁架结构形式,运用MIDAS Gen软件对钢结构屋盖进行了整体稳定分析和多遇地震下的整体弹性计算,分析结果表明钢结构拱桁架方案可行且安全。因钢结构拱跨度大、拱脚节点受力复杂,为验证节点设计的合理性和安全性,选取了4个典型节点进行了足尺节点受压试验。试验结果表明:节点设计能承受上部结构荷载并留有适当的安全储备。

铁路大跨度钢桁拱桥车-桥耦合振动研究

为研究铁路大跨度钢桁拱桥车-桥耦合系统的动力响应,以南宁三岸邕江特大桥为工程背景,开展桥梁动载试验,测试该桥的自振特性、动位移和加速度。采用有限元软件ABAQUS与多体动力学软件SIMPACK联合仿真建立车-桥耦合振动模型,研究桥梁和列车在不同速度和单双线行车作用下的动力响应。结果表明:随着速度的增大,列车和桥梁的动力响应均增大;双线行车下桥梁的竖向位移和加速度大于单线行车,横向位移和加速度受车辆偏载作用的影响,双线工况下的结果小于单线工况,不同工况下主跨跨中的最大竖向和横向位移分别为17.234 mm和3.762 mm,最大竖向和横向加速度分别为0.589 m/s^(2)和0.213 m/s^(2),均满足我国的规范要求;单双线行车对列车的动力响应无明显影响,不同工况下,列车的脱轨系数、轮轴横向力、轮重减载率、车体振动加速度、Sperling指数均满足规范限值;桥梁整体性能较好,有足够的横向和竖向刚度,桥上运行列车有良好的安全性和平稳性。

广厦大学图书馆钢桁架悬挂体系结构设计

广厦大学图书馆采用钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构体系,为满足建筑功能要求,在屋顶设置悬臂钢桁架,悬臂钢桁架端部设置钢吊柱,吊柱与各层楼面钢梁相连,形成悬挂体系。采用YJK和MIDAS Gen软件,对比分析了小震作用及风荷载作用下结构的内力弹性响应、静力弹塑性分析。考虑钢桁架上下弦楼板协同作用,并指定施工顺序进行施工模拟分析,采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对销轴节点进行验算。结果表明:大震作用下,结构具有较高的承载力和较好的延性,结构具有安全性和合理性;销轴节点具有良好的受力性能,应力水平均符合要求;悬挑位置采用钢-混凝土组合楼盖可以缩短工期,提高建筑装配率。

南昌文体中心大跨度重型钢结构桁架设计关键问题分析

南昌文体中心项目采用大跨度重型钢结构桁架实现了最大99m的无柱空间。为了阐述大跨度重型钢结构桁架的设计思路,考察设计、施工中各因素的影响,通过理论分析和数值模拟细致地讨论了涉及的关键问题,包括杆件布置、支承条件、关键节点构造、施工过程的影响等。结果表明:腹杆布置形式对弦杆内力的影响较小;重型桁架两支承端的连接处理至关重要,应注意保证弦杆轴力在极限承载状态下的有效传递,并弱化弯矩的影响;整体提升施工方案对结构内力分布影响较大,“后激活”部分杆件的方法可以考虑提升过程中桁架端面的转动效果,更为准确地体现施工过程的影响。

香溪长江大桥施工风险联合评估模型研究及应用

文中以香溪长江大桥主拱肋合龙利用施工风险模型构建为例,考虑先验数据与主拱肋合龙误差的因果关系,构建贝叶斯网络拓扑结构.以中心极限定理(CLT)方式,利用动态多源监控数据更新网络中父节点先验分布.有限元分析与BP神经网络结合,在合龙误差与系列影响参数之间建立对应关系,通过蒙特卡罗法确定了概率分布,实现了联合施工风险误差的定量预测.结果表明:香溪长江大桥的拱肋竖向误差风险概率具有传递性,拱肋合龙误差在75~125 mm的风险等级达到了IV级,因此施工过程中应该对锚索预应力、扣塔偏移、当地气温严密监控.施工风险联合预测模型的计算值与工程实际合龙控制误差趋势吻合.

平列式公铁两用钢桁梁桥疲劳损伤及寿命研究

为研究某平列式公铁两用钢桁梁桥车桥耦合振动引起的钢桁梁桥节点构件的疲劳损伤,建立了局部节点精细化的全桥有限元模型和车辆多刚体模型,采用Craig-Bampton法求解了车桥耦合振动系统方程。首先,利用动态称重系统采集同线路全年公路交通流数据,统计分析车辆的车型、车速、车重及车间距等参数分布特征;其次,结合列车荷载模型,基于S-N曲线及Miner线性累计损伤理论,计算获得钢桁梁节点由列车和汽车通行导致的节点疲劳损伤,并基于雨流计数法对其疲劳寿命进行了预测;最后,探讨了列车速度、载重、不平整度及腐蚀对钢桁梁节点的累积疲劳损伤及疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:节点疲劳损伤随着速度增大不呈现单一变化,随着载重增大和不平整度变差迅速增大,疲劳寿命降低明显;考虑腐蚀造成的节点刚度折减时,节点累积疲劳损伤曲线的发展是非线性的,疲劳寿命降低显著。

空间内倾鱼腹式钢桁梁人行天桥设计与创新

以某人行天桥为研究对象,介绍其桥型的建筑创意与结构设计,重点介绍桥梁结构创新点。主桥为单跨下承式简支空间鱼腹式变高钢桁梁结构体系,空间内倾的鱼腹式桁架为主要受力体系。上、下弦杆和竖杆间采用X型交叉钢拉杆代替传统的交叉刚性斜腹杆连接方式,首次将X型交叉钢拉杆应用于桥梁结构中。“双Λ形”桥墩柱脚位置采用剪力钉与PBL剪力键相结合的钢砼组合结构刚性柱脚连接节点。桥梁结构受力合理,造型优美,体现了造型与结构的有机结合。

中山香山大桥主桥主梁结构设计

中山香山大桥主桥为双层钢桁梁公路斜拉桥,跨径布置为(136+312+880+312+136)m。桥塔采用人字形混凝土塔,下设整体式钻孔灌注桩;斜拉索采用∅7 mm高强度锌-铝合金镀层平行钢丝索;约束体系采用带纵向阻尼器的半飘浮体系。主梁采用2片N形主桁的钢桁梁结构,桁宽42.2 m,标准梁段桁高2.8 m。上、下弦杆和腹杆均采用带加劲肋的箱形截面,横梁均采用鱼腹式。边跨187.2 m范围内下层桥面采用混凝土桥面板起压重作用,其余上、下层桥面板均采用正交异性钢桥面板。下层纵向钢-混结合段位于辅助墩往跨中第4个节段,距辅助墩51.2 m,设置承压板、支撑加劲肋、预应力钢束、剪力钉和PBL板;横向钢-混结合段位于下层行车道两侧钢桥面板和混凝土桥面板之间(距下弦杆2.2 m处),设置剪力钉、PBL板和1.3 m宽UHPC后浇段。采用有限元软件进行全桥整体受力分析及桥面板局部分析,结果表明:结构满足规范要求。主梁采用大节段整体吊装施工,标准吊装节段长度为25.6 m,节段间除钢桥面板和弦杆顶板采用焊接外,其余均采用高强度螺栓连接。

连体桁架先铰后刚支座的设计与实践

某工程由A、B两个塔楼及空中连体组成,连体跨度约60m,宽度25m。为减少恒载工况下连体桁架弦杆传给核心筒的水平力,使恒载下的弦杆轴力不传入核心筒,同时降低桁架传递给支承柱的节点弯矩,设计了“先铰后刚”的支座节点。分析了该支座对桁架弦杆传到核心筒的轴力的减小效果、支座节点在施工阶段的位移、支座附近后浇带的留设,并对支座节点进行了有限元分析。结果表明“先铰后刚”的施工措施能很好地实现预期效果。

带金属挤压套管铰接连接FRP轴心压杆整体屈曲性能研究

本文针对拼装式桁架结构中两端设有金属挤压套管连接的FRP受压杆件,通过轴向压缩试验和有限元分析方法研究了此类组合杆件两端铰接时的整体屈曲性能,并通过参数化分析揭示了金属连接段对不同长度FRP杆件屈曲临界承载力的影响规律。基于试验和有限元结果,对目前工程中常用的五种FRP杆件整体屈曲临界承载力计算公式进行了比较验证,明确了适用于此类组合杆件整体屈曲临界承载力的计算方法。结果表明:相比于未设置端部金属加强段的杆件,FRP圆管在金属外套管端部发生剪切断裂,而非杆件中部断裂,即金属外套管局部构造对杆件整体破坏模式有较大影响。另外,端部设有金属段的杆件整体临界屈曲荷载得到了一定提升;随着长细比的增加,端部金属区段对FRP杆件整体屈曲临界荷载影响的增幅逐渐减小。建议采用Engesser或Haringx修正公式作为两端设有挤压型金属套管铰接连接的FRP压杆的设计计算公式。