Storage Proteins and Trypsin Inhibitors of an Underutilized Legume, <i>Mucuna</i>: Variability and Their Stability during Germination

The proteins and trypsin inhibitors were isolated from the seeds of different varieties/accessions of an underutilized legume, Mucuna. The crude protein content of all the germplasms of Mucuna is varied from 15% - 26%, showed little variation and contain higher crude protein when compared with other Mucuna species reported earlier and the pulse crops commonly consumed in India. The seeds of all the varieties of Mucuna exhibited trypsin inhibitor activity. The trypsin inhibitor activity varied from 11 - 14 TIA/mg of protein. Not much variation was observed in trypsin inhibitory activities in soaked seeds compared to dry seeds. Germination of Mucuna pruriens has been carried out and the change in the protein content and trypsin inhibitors were monitored. The protein content of the endosperm increased up to 72 hrs of germination and then decreased. The trypsin inhibitory activity decreased with increase in germination time. The trypsin inhibitor activity was decreased from 14.81 TIA/mg to 2.62 TIA/mg (82% reduction in the trypsin inhibitor activity) after 144 hrs germination.

Polymorphism of Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor Protein in Natural Populations of Wild Soybean in Hebei

Hebei Province is one of the main distribution areas growing wild soybean( Glycine soja ) in China. In this study, 461 seed samples,collected from 18 natural populations in this province, were used to electrophoretically observe the change in forms and their frequencies of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein (KTI)in individual populations and geographical areas. Allelic frequencies accounted for 85% for Tia and 15% for Tib in the total samples. Twelve populations examined were polymorphic at the KTI locus, accounting for over 50% in the populations investigated. Four populations, 22% of all the populations, were found to have natural cross-pollination with varied heterozygote rates of 3% -5.5%, and the average was 1% in the total sampies. Geographically, the mean Tib frequency in the north areas was higher than in the south, and higher in the mountainous area than in the plain areas. The populations in a lake ecological environment (Baiyangdian Lake) were almost monomorphic. No obvious relationship between the frequency and the geographical distance was observed. In addition, we first found a mutation for the absence of the KTI in wild soybean.

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF MUNG BEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR LYSINE ACTIVE FRAGMENT WITH BOVINE TRYPSIN AT 1.8 A RESOLUTION

The structure of the complex of mung bean trypsin inhibitor lysine active fragment with bovine trypsin has been determined at a resolution of 1.8 A by A-ray crystallographic analysis and the complex model refined by restrained least-squares minimization with the data between 10 and 1.8 resolution.The current conventional R factor is 17.3%,and the model con- tains 1648 protein atoms,219 inhibitor atoms and 126 water molecules.The most prominent feature of the inhibitor fragment is that it does not contain any alpha-helices.Most of the chain fold in an irregular fashion.The seven residues of the binding segment of the inhibitor lysine active frag- ment are in specific contact with bovine trypsin.The binding interaction and geometry around the reactive site are similar to that observed in other studies of trypsin-inhibitor complexes.

Optimization of Solid-State Fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis and Aspergillus oryzae for Trypsin Inhibitor Degradation in Soybean Meal

The aim of the present study was to optimize trypsin inhibitor degradation in soybean meal by solid-state fermentation （SSF） with Lactobacillus brevis and Aspergillus oryzae, and to determine the effect of SSF on phytic acid, crude protein, crude fat, and amino acid profile. Response surface methodology （RSM） with Box-Behnken design was used to optimize SSF. The optimal conditions derived from RSM for L. brevis fermentation were： pH=5. 1; inoculum size=10%; duration=72 h; substrate to water ratio=1.5. The minimum content of trypsin inhibitors was 6.4 mg g^-1 dry matter. The optimal conditions derived from RSM for A. oryzae fermentation were： substrate to water ratio= 0.8 1; inoculum size=4%; duration=120 h. The minimum content of trypsin inhibitors was 1.6 mg g^-1 dry matter. Both L. brevis and A. oryzae decreased trypsin inhibitors dramatically （57.1 and 89.2% respectively）. L. brevis fermentation did not affect phytic acid （0.4%） and crude fat （5.2%） considerably, whereas A. oryzae fermentation degraded phytic acid （34.8%） and crude fat （22.0%） contents to a certain extent. Crude protein content was increased after both fermentation （6.4 and 12.9% for L. brevis and A. oryzae respectively）. Urease activity was reduced greatly （83.3 and 58.3% for L. brevis and A. oryzae respectively）. In conclusion, SSF with A. oryzae and L. brevis reduced trypsin inhibitor content and modified major macronutrients in soybean meal.

Urinary trypsin inhibitor attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing nuclear factor-kappa B activation

BACKGROUND: Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) inhibits the inflammatory response and protects against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The inflammatory response is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and its related target genes and products such as vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule and CXC chemokines. We aimed to assess the roles of those mediators in a UTI-treated mouse model of hepatic I/R injury. METHODS: Treatment group 1 (UTI given 5 minutes prior to liver ischemia), treatment group 2 (UTI given 5 minutes after the anhepatic phase) and a control group were investigated. Blood and liver samples were obtained and compared at 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS: Attenuation of pathological hepatocellular damage was greater in the treatment groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the UTI treatment groups showed significantly lower serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, decreased myeloperoxidase activity, and reduced NF-kappa B activation. Also downregulated was the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 at the mRNA level. P-selectin protein and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 protein expression were also downregulated. In addition, the treatment group I showed a better protective effect against I/R injury than the treatment group 2. CONCLUSIONS: UTI reduces NF-kappa B activation and downregulates the expression of its related mediators, followed by the inhibition of neutrophil aggregation and infiltration in hepatic I/R injury. The protective role of UTI is more effective in prevention than in treatment.

Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor:More than a trypsin inhibitor

Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor is one of the most important and widely distributed protease inhibitor families.Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor(PSTI),also known as serine protease inhibitor Kazal typeⅠ(SPINK1),binds rapidly to trypsin,inhibits its activity and is likely to protect the pancreas from prematurely activated trypsinogen.Therefore,it is an important factor in the onset of pancreatitis.Recent studies found that PSTI/SPINK1 is also involved in self-regulation of acinar cell phagocytosis,proliferation and growth of a variety of cell lines.In addition,it takes part in the response to inflammatory factor or injury and is highly related to adult type Ⅱ citrullinemia.

Purification, characterization and evaluation of insecticidal activity of trypsin inhibitor from Albizia lebbeck seeds

A Bowman-Birk inhibitor with activity against gut proteases of Helicoverpa armigera was extracted in 0.I M sodium phosphate buffer from defatted seed flour of Albizia lebbeck. It was purified to 29.62 folds with 51.43% recovery using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100 column and ion ex- change chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex As0. The purified protein had a molecular weight of 12,303 daltons as determined by SDS-PAGE. It was found to be heat stable up to 60~C and had two pH optima of 7.5 and 9.0. The inhibitor exhibited non-competitive pattern of inhibition with a low Ki value of 0.2 ~tM. The inhibitoi- was found to be susceptible to varying concentrations of reducing agents like DTT and 2- mercaptoethanol, thereby indicating the role of disulphide bridges in maintaining its three dimensional structure and stability. The purified inhibitor caused mortality and suppressed larval growth ofPieris brassi- cae larvae. It was also found to be effective against gut trypsin extracted from Spodoptera littoralis. The sequence of the genes encoding for such inhibitors can be determined and the genes expressing protease inhibitors can be used in vegetable crops to confer resistance against insect pests and other plant pathogens.

Purification and Trypsin Inhibitor Activity of a Sporamin B from Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam. 55-2)

Sporamin is a soluble protein in sweet potato, and falls into two distinct homology groups, subfamilies A and B. In this research, a sporamin B was purified and its amino acid sequences, trypsin inhibitor activity （Ti activity） were analyzed. This sporamin B was isolated from sweet potato tubers [Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam cv. 55-2] through extraction of the water-soluble fraction, dialysis, ultrafiltration and ion-exchange chromatography. Homology determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that mainly one bond appeared in gel after being reduced by SDS （sodium dodecyl sulfate）, or by SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol, or in native situation. By comparing the data of the polypeptide mass Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight （MALDI-TOF） mass spectrometry with those of the mass of the theoretical amino acid sequences from NCBI protein database, it was revealed that it was Q40091｜Q40091_IPOBA, sweet potato sporamin B - Ipomoea Batatas （sweet potato） （Batate）. The sequence coverage was 70.6%. N-terminal sequence was SETPV （Ser-Glu-Thr-Pro-Val）. There is a linear relationship between trypsin inhibitor activity （Ti activity） and amounts of this sporamin B （3-18 μg mL-1）. The equation of linear regression was y = 2.5809x ＋ 17.049 （r2 = 0.9966）. There was a curvilinear relationship between Ti activity and amounts of this sporamin B （21-150 μg mL-1）. The equation of curvilinear regression is y = 14.417ln（x） ＋ 23.26 （r2 = 0.9924）. The concentration of sporamin B with Ti activity after heating at 40°C may induce part denature of this sporamin B, and there was no statistic difference after heating at 40, 50, 60°C for 20 min. Heat treatment at more than 90°C leads to a dramatic decrease of trypsin inhibitor efficiency. The results suggested that Q40091｜Q40091_IPOBA was the major sporamin B in sweet potato tubers [Ipomoea Batatas （L.） Lam cv. 55-2], which had strong Ti activity, and was stable to both thermal and DTT （DL-dithiothreitol） relatively.

Relationship between inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 and ovarian cancer

Objective:The inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4(ITIH4)protein is involved in the development of tumors.However,the relationship between ITIH4 and ovarian cancer(OC)has not been extensively examined.This study aimed to explore the effect of ITIH4 on OC and to identify its underlying mechanism.Methods:Expressions of ITIH4 in OC tissues and cells were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and western blots.The function of ITIH4 in the OC cell line HO8910 pm was tested via ITIH4 knockdown.The cell growth rate was measured using MTT and colony formation assays.Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate cell cycle progression.Cell migration and invasion abilities were observed using the transwell migration assay.Results:ITIH4 was downregulated in OC tissues and cells.ITIH4 knockdown promoted cell growth and cell cycle progression.Consistent with these results,inhibition of ITIH4 in OC cells significantly increased cell migration and invasion abilities.Cox regression analysis suggests that ITIH4 expression alone is not a good predictor of the prognosis of malignant ovarian tumors in patients.Conclusions:ITIH4 inhibits the progression of OC,suggesting that ITIH4 may be a useful biomarker for OC.This study may provide a potential novel target for the treatment of OC.

Silica-supported Macroporous Chitosan Bead for Affinity Purification of Trypsin Inhibitor

Macroporous cross-linking chitosan layer coated on silica gel （CTS-SiO2） was prepared by phase inversion and polyethylene glycol （PEG）molecular imprinting methods. Formation of macroporous surtace was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and BET analysis.The prepared bead was activated by reacting with 1,2-ethylene digiycidyl ether for introducing epoxy groups, and trypsin could be efficiently immobilized on the bead as a biospecific ligand.The bead bearing trypsin was employed to purify trypsin inhibitor （TIs） from egg white as affinity adsorbent.

A Kunitz trypsin inhibitor from chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i>L.) that exerts an antimicrobial effect on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris (Foc) is one of the most important fungal pathogens of chickpea and is regarded as a constant threat in tropical and subtropical countries. In order to correlate Fusarium wilt resistance/susceptibility in Cicer arietinum to the presence or absence of trypsin inhibitor (TI) in the crude extract, trypsin inhibitory assay (TIA) and in vitro activity of TI against Foc were studied. In the present study, a 20 kDa trypsin inhibitor was purified from Fusarium wilt resistant cultivar (viz. JG 2001-12) by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and chromatographies with Sephadex G-100 and Diethyl aminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-cellulose-52) ion-exchange column. Results of pathogenecity assay were found to be in correlation to the trypsin inhibitor assay where the Fusarium wilt resistant cultivar showed high trypsin inhibitory activity (99%) in the presence of trypsin enzyme using both natural and synthetic substrates. Preliminary studies using crude extracts of JG 2001-12 showed a decrease in radial growth of Foc. A 45%-82% reduction in conidium germination at 20 μg&middotmL-1?Cicer arietinum trypsin inhibitor (CaTI) concentration was observed, thereby, indicating the use of CaTI in suppression of pathogen and in its deployment through transgenic plants for the management of Fusarium wilt.

A Novel Trypsin Inhibitor-Like Cysteine-Rich Peptide from the Frog Lepidobatrachus laevis Containing ProteinaseInhibiting Activity

Various bio-active substances in amphibian skins play important roles in survival of the amphibians.Many protease inhibitor peptides have been identified from amphibian skins,which are supposed to negatively modulate the activity of proteases to avoid premature degradation or release of skin peptides,or to inhibit extracellular proteases produced by invading bacteria.However,there is no information on the proteinase inhibitors from the frog Lepidobatrachus laevis which is unique in South America.In this work,a cDNA encoding a novel trypsin inhibitor-like(TIL)cysteine-rich peptide was identified from the skin cDNA library of L.laevis.The 240-bp coding region encodes an 80-amino acid residue precursor protein containing 10 half-cysteines.By sequence comparison and signal peptide prediction,the precursor was predicted to release a 55-amino acid mature peptide with amino acid sequence,IRCPKDKIYKFCGSPCPPSCKDLTPNCIAVCKKGCFCRDGTVDNNHGKCVKKENC.The mature peptide was named LL-TIL.LL-TIL shares significant domain similarity with the peptides from the TIL supper family.Antimicrobial and trypsin-inhibitory abilities of recombinant LL-TIL were tested.Recombinant LL-TIL showed no antimicrobial activity,while it had trypsin-inhibiting activity with aKi of 16.5178 lM.These results suggested there was TIL peptide with proteinase-inhibiting activity in the skin of frog L.laevis.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of TIL peptide from frog skin.

血清LncRNA FAF、ITIH4在慢性心力衰竭患者中的表达意义及对预后的预测价值

目的探讨血清长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)FAF、间α胰蛋白酶抑制因子重链4(ITIH4)在慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者中的表达意义及对预后的预测价值。方法选择2020年1月—2022年1月安徽医科大学第二附属医院急诊内科收治的CHF患者187例为CHF组,再根据NYHA心功能分级分为Ⅱ级亚组65例,Ⅲ级亚组77例,Ⅳ级亚组45例。于同期招募健康志愿者103例为健康对照组。2组受试者均检测血清LncRNA FAF表达和ITIH4水平,CHF患者出院后随访12个月,统计随访期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率;多因素Logistic回归分析影响CHF患者发生MACE的因素;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析LncRNA FAF、ITIH4预测CHF患者发生MACE的价值。结果CHF组血清LncRNA FAF表达、ITIH4水平低于健康对照组(t/P=24.469/<0.001、35.196/<0.001)。血清LncRNA FAF表达、ITIH4水平Ⅳ级亚组低于Ⅲ级亚组低于Ⅱ级亚组(F/P=91.653/<0.001、102.345/<0.001)。MACE亚组血清LncRNA FAF表达,ITIH4水平低于非MACE亚组(t/P=13.556/<0.001、6.293/<0.001)。NYHAⅣ级、高水平NT-proBNP是CHF患者发生MACE的危险因素[OR(95%CI)=4.627(2.245~9.538)、2.284(1.505~3.468)],高表达LncRNA FAF、高水平ITIH4是保护因素[OR(95%CI)=0.599(0.425~0.844)、0.666(0.478~0.928)]。LncRNA FAF、ITIH4及二者联合预测CHF患者发生MACE的曲线下面积为0.796、0.801、0.896,二者联合预测曲线下面积高于单独预测(Z=2.453、2.404,均P<0.001)。结论CHF患者血清LncRNA FAF表达和ITIH4水平均降低,且与不良预后有关,联合LncRNA FAF和ITIH4可预测CHF患者预后不良风险。

草鱼丝氨酸蛋白粗酶的提取、酶学特性及大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂对其活性的影响

【目的】探究草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肌原纤维结合型丝氨酸蛋白酶(MBSP)粗酶的提取方法、酶学特性,以及大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(STI)对草鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的影响,为改善传统草鱼鱼糜制品品质提供理论基础。【方法】从草鱼背肌中提取MBSP粗酶液,探究提取过程中漂洗次数(1~5次)、热处理温度(35、40、45、50、55℃)、酸洗脱pH值(pH 4.0、pH 5.5)对提取液酶活性的影响,获得最佳提取条件;设置梯度实验探究所得酶的最适温度、pH、稳定性等酶学特性,最后探究大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂对粗酶酶活性的影响及其对草鱼鱼糜凝胶性能的调控。【结果及结论】经3次漂洗、45℃热处理、pH 4.0酸洗脱后得到的草鱼MBSP粗酶液酶活性最高(P<0.05);所得MBSP最适pH值在9.0附近,最适温度为45℃,具有较好的温度稳定性(P<0.05),其活性可被Na^(+)在一定程度上抑制且被K+、Ca^(2+)激活(P<0.05);STI添加可以显著改善草鱼鱼糜质构,其对草鱼肌原纤维结合型丝氨酸蛋白酶有可逆竞争性抑制作用,半抑制质量浓度为10.85μg/mL,抑制常数Ki=0.24μmol/L。

吸入性乙酰半胱氨酸联合乌司他丁治疗重症肺炎的临床疗效

【目的】探讨吸入性乙酰半胱氨酸联合乌司他丁治疗重症肺炎的疗效。【方法】选取2021年3月至2023年3月本院收治的110例重症肺炎患者,按1∶1随机分为对照组(采用吸入性乙酰半胱氨酸联合抗感染治疗)和观察组(在对照组基础上联合乌司他丁治疗),每组55例,均治疗2周。比较两组临床疗效、退热时间、肺部啰音和咳嗽消失时间、不良反应发生率,以及炎症因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]、血气分析指标[动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))和动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))]、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分。【结果】观察组总有效率为90.91%,显著高于对照组的76.36%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组退热时间、肺部啰音和咳嗽消失时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗2周后IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平及PaCO_(2)低于对照组(P<0.05),PaO_(2)、SaO_(2)明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗2周后,观察组生理评分、慢性健康状态评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】吸入性乙酰半胱氨酸联合乌司他丁治疗重症肺炎患者疗效显著,能有效改善患者呼吸功能、减轻炎症反应,且不增加不良反应发生率,值得临床推广应用。

舒芬太尼联合帕瑞昔布钠用于二次剖宫产的镇痛效果及安全性分析

【目的】探讨舒芬太尼及帕瑞昔布钠用于二次剖宫产的镇痛效果及安全性。【方法】94例将行二次剖宫产的产妇,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组47例。对照组给予舒芬太尼镇痛,观察组给予舒芬太尼联合帕瑞昔布钠镇痛。比较两组围术期指标,包括手术时间、失血量、补液量、缩宫素使用类别,采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)对两组产妇给药后3 min(T_(1))、5 min(T_(2))、10 min(T_(3))、20 min(T_(4))、30 min(T_(5))、手术结束时(T_(6))时的疼痛程度进行评估,通过多参数监护仪检测并比较两组术后1 h、6 h、24 h、48 h时血流动力学指标[血氧饱和度(SPO_(2))、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)]水平,记录两组用药期间不良反应发生率。【结果】观察组与对照组手术时间、失血量、补液量、缩宫素类别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)、T_(6)时,观察组VAS评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后1 h、6 h、24 h、48 h,观察组与对照组SPO_(2)、HR、RR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】舒芬太尼联合帕瑞昔布钠用于二次剖宫产的镇痛效果优于单一使用舒芬太尼,能够维持产妇血流动力学稳定,同时具有较高安全性,临床应用价值较高。

康柏西普联合玻璃体切除术治疗增殖期糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床疗效

【目的】探讨康柏西普联合玻璃体切除术(PPV)治疗增殖期糖尿病性视网膜病变(PDR)的临床疗效。【方法】选取2020年8月至2022年10月在本院就诊的46例(50眼)PDR患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组23例(25眼)。对照组患者给予单纯23 G PPV治疗,观察组患者给予康柏西普联合23 G PPV治疗。比较两组患者手术时间及术中和术后情况。【结果】观察组手术时间显著短于对照组(t=2.47,P<0.05);观察组术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)度数高于对照组(P<0.05);因医源性视网膜裂孔、视网膜脱落实行的硅油填充率低于对照组(P<0.05)。【结论】康柏西普联合23 G PPV治疗PDR患者,可有效缩短手术时间,改善患者术后视力,降低并发症发生率。

尿胰蛋白酶抑制剂分离纯化研究进展

尿胰蛋白酶抑制剂(Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor,UTI)是从人类尿液中分离纯化得到的一种具有丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制活性的硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖,其对胰蛋白酶、透明质酸酶、粒细胞弹性蛋白酶、纤溶酶等蛋白酶均具有良好抑制作用,被广泛用于临床治疗急性胰腺炎和作为急性循环衰竭的抢救辅助用药。本文主要综述了尿胰蛋白酶抑制剂的来源、结构、生理功能、传统分离纯化工艺以及基因工程技术生产新方法等,旨在为尿胰蛋白酶抑制剂的高质量生产以及应用提供参考。

他汀类药物在缺血性脑血管病二级预防中的应用效果及其影响因素

【目的】探讨他汀类药物在缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)二级预防中的应用效果及其影响因素。【方法】本院收治的109例ICVD患者,随访1年,死亡1例,失访2例,根据是否再次发生ICVD将患者分为复发组和未复发组,比较两组患者的临床资料,探讨影响他汀类药物预防效果的因素。【结果】纳入的106例患者,其中15例(14.15%)ICVD复发,未复发91例(85.85%)。复发组和未复发组的年龄、性别、家族史、吸烟史、饮酒史、白细胞计数、血糖比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组体重指数(BMI)、文化程度、医疗支付方式、合并疾病数量、服用药物种类以及依从性等比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,BMI高、文化程度低、自费医疗支付、合并疾病数量多、服用药物种类多以及依从性低是他汀类药物在ICVD二级预防中复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。【结论】他汀类药物在ICVD二级预防中的效果受患者BMI、文化程度、医疗支付方式、合并疾病数量、药物种类及依从性等因素影响,优化二级预防需关注上述因素。

大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂对肉鸡生长和肠道健康的影响

近年来,随着我国畜禽养殖业向“限抗”“禁抗”“替抗”的转变,肉鸡的肠道因失去抗生素的保护而变得非常脆弱,肠道健康问题成为当前肉鸡养殖户关注的热点问题。豆粕作为肉鸡饲粮中主要的蛋白质来源,豆粕中同样含有抗营养因子—大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂,可损害肉鸡肠道健康。因此,通过总结胰蛋白酶抑制剂的概念及其对肉鸡生长和肠道健康的影响,以期为合理利用豆粕及改善肉鸡肠道健康提供参考。