Evaluation and application of a milk antibody ELISA for assessing the prevalence and incidence of bovine tuberculosis in dairy herds in Hubei Province,China

Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)is a chronic zoonotic disease that is endemic in China.Current in-vitro tests for bTB are mainly based on blood assays.Collection of samples results in some stress to the sampled cattle and associated economic losses for the herd owner.This study was designed to investigate the relationship between milk and serum antibody tests for bTB in dairy cows using 85 cows with milk and corresponding blood samples.Totally 4,395 milk samples were used to assesse the apparent(test)prevalence and incidence of bTB using the milk antibody ELISA.The association between levels of bTB milk antibody and milk quality was also evaluated.Milk and serum antibody tests showed a good correlation with a 87.5%(95%CI:61.7%,98.4)positive agreement and 98.7%(95%CI:95.4,99.8)negative agreement.The animal level lactoprevalence ranged from 0.3%(95%CI:0,1.2)to 33.3%(95%CI:26.6,40.6)in different farms and the incidence rate ranged from 0 head/cow-month(95%CI:0,0.02)to 0.04 head/cow-month(95%CI:0.02,0.07).Twenty percent of sampled farms met the criteria for bTB control in China.The prevalence on large-scale farms was lower(p<0.001)than on small farms.The bTB milk antibody levels had a negative correlation with milk yield and a positive correlation with somatic cell count(SCC),milk protein percentage(MPP)and percentage of total solids(TS).According to this research,milk ELISA could be used as a supplement of blood samples to assist in the surveillance for bTB and for alerting control and eradication of bTB.

TB-DNA、IGRAs、TB-Ab在肺结核中的诊断价值

目的探究结核分枝杆菌核酸(TB-DNA)、γ-干扰素释放试验(IGRAs)和结核分歧杆菌抗体(TB-Ab)检测在肺结核中的诊断价值。方法收集2022年6月至2023年1月莆田学院附属医院收治的154例疑似肺结核患者,所有患者均接受TB-DNA、IGRAs和TB-Ab检测,评价不同检测方法的检测阳性率、诊断肺结核的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断准确率;采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估不同检测方法对肺结核的诊断效能。结果154例疑似肺结核患者中,107例确诊为肺结核(肺结核组),47例确诊为非肺结核的其他肺部疾病(对照组)。肺结核组TB-DNA、IGRAs和TB-Ab阳性率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TB-DNA、IGRAs检测诊断肺结核的灵敏度和诊断准确率均高于TB-Ab检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),TB-DNA检测诊断肺结核的阴性预测值高于TB-Ab检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,TB-DNA诊断肺结核的AUC为0.851(明显大于IGRAs诊断的0.770)、TB-Ab诊断的0.770,IGRAs诊断的AUC明显大于TB-Ab,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IGRAs+TB-DNA联合诊断的灵敏度、诊断准确率明显高于IGRAs单独检测(P<0.05);IGRAs+TB-Ab联合诊断的灵敏度明显高于IGRAs、TB-Ab单独检测,诊断准确率明显高于TB-Ab单独检测(P<0.05);TB-DNA+TB-Ab联合诊断的灵敏度、阴性预测值、诊断准确率明显高于TB-Ab单独检测(P<0.05)。TB-DNA、IGRAs、TB-Ab两两联合检测和三者联合检测诊断肺结核的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断准确率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相比TB-Ab和IGRAs检测,TB-DNA检测对肺结核的诊断价值更高;TB-DNA、IGRAs、TB-Ab两两联合检测对肺结核的诊断效能高于单一指标检测。

Diagnostic performance and problem analysis of commercial tuberculosis antibody detection kits in China

Background: The diagnosis of bacterium-negative pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) and extra-pulmonary TB is challenging clinically. The detection of the anti-TB antibody has an important, auxiliary, clinical diagnostic value. Therefore, TB antibody detection kits should be screened and evaluated, and the reagents with the highest sensitivity and specificity should be chosen and used clinically.Methods: The diagnostic performance of 7 commercially available TB antibody detection kits(kits A, B, C, D, E, F and G) based on the gold immunoassay detection of immunoglobulin(Ig) G or IgM antibodies were simultaneously evaluated and compared in 62 TB cases and 56 non-TB cases in a laboratory. A retrospective analysis including 2549 cases was carried out to assess the clinical diagnosis values of bacteriological examinations and TB antibody tests(kits B and H used in the clinic).Results: The sensitivities of TB antibody kits A, B, C, D, E, F and G in the sera from 62 TB patients were 50.0%, 83.9%, 38.7%, 9.7%, 48.4%, 69.4% and 79.0%, respectively; the sensitivities in the sera from 24 smear-negative TB patients were 29.2%, 79.2%, 29.2%, 12.5%, 29.2%, 54.2% and 79.2%, respectively; the specificities in the sera from 56 nonTB patients were 73.2%, 25.0%, 85.7%, 96.4%, 78.6%, 78.6% and 50.0%, respectively. Of the 2549 clinically diagnosed cases, there were 1752 pulmonary TB cases, 505 extra-pulmonary TB cases, 87 old pulmonary TB cases and 205 non-TB cases. The positive results for smear, culture, TB antibody kit B and kit H in pulmonary TB cases were 39.8%(543/1365), 48.6%(372/765), 45.8%(802/1752) and 25.2%(442/1752), respectively; the results in extra-pulmonary TB cases were 3.4%(6/178), 5.8%(4/69), 35.4%(179/505), and 11.3%(57/505), respectively; the results in old pulmonary TB cases were 0%(0/64), 0%(0/30), 32.2%(28/87), and 9.2%(8/87), respectively; and the results in non-TB cases were 0%(0/121), 0%(0/56), 21.5%(44/205), and 2.4%(5/205), respectively. Of 624 smear-positive and/or culture-positive pulmonary TB cases, the sensitivities of antibody test kits B and H were 53.0% and 36.4%, respectively. Of 901 smear-negative and/or culture-negative pulmonary TB cases, the sensitivities of antibody test kits B and H were 42.5% and 19.0%, respectively. The positive rate of antibody detection in the bacterium-positive pulmonary TB cases was significantly higher than that in the bacterium-negative pulmonary TB cases(P<0.05).Conclusion: The colloidal gold-labeled TB antibody IgG detection assay is a simple, rapid and economical method that provides a better clinical auxiliary diagnosis value on TB, especially in smear-negative pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB. The production, quality control, screening and evaluation of antibody detection kits are very important for its clinical application.

Diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis using a monoclonal antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

AIM:To investigate the utility of immunohistochemical(IHC) staining with an antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis) for the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis(TB).METHODS:We retrospectively identified 10 patients(4 males and 6 females;mean age = 65.1 ± 13.6 years) with intestinal TB.Clinical characteristics,including age,gender,underlying disease,and symptoms were obtained.Chest radiograph and laboratory tests,including sputum Ziehl-Neelsen(ZN) staining,M.tuberculosis culture,and sputum polymerase chain reaction(PCR) for tubercle bacilli DNA,as well as Tuberculin skin test(TST) and QuantiFERON-TB gold test(QFT),were examined.Colonoscopic records recorded on the basis of Sato's classification were also reviewed,in addition to data from intestinal biopsies examined for histopathological findings,including hematoxylin and eosin staining,and ZN staining,as well as M.tuberculosis culture,and PCR for tubercle bacilli DNA.For the present study,archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE) intestinal tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained using a commercially available species-specific monoclonal antibody to the 38-kDa antigen of the M.tuberculosis complex.These sections were also stained with the pan-macrophage marker CD68 antibody.RESULTS:From the clinical data,we found that no patients were immunocompromised,and that the main symptoms were diarrhea and weight loss.Three patients displayed active pulmonary TB,six patients(60%) had a positive TST,and 4 patients(40%) had a positive QFT.Colonoscopic findings revealed that all patients had type 1 findings(linear ulcers in a circumferential arrangement or linear ulcers arranged circumferentially with mucosa showing multiple nodules),all of which were located in the right hemicolon and/or terminal ileum.Seven patients(70%) had concomitant healed lesions in the ileocecal area.No acid-fast bacilli were detected with ZN staining of the intestinal tissue samples,and both M.tuberculosis culture and PCR for tubercle bacilli DNA were negative in all samples.The histopathological data revealed that tuberculous granulomas were present in 4 cases(40%).IHC staining in archived FFPE samples with anti-M.tuberculosis monoclonal antibody revealed positive findings in 4 patients(40%);the same patients in which granulomas were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining.M.tuberculosis antigens were found to be mostly intracellular,granular in pattern,and primarily located in the CD68 + macrophages of the granulomas.CONCLUSION:IHC staining with a monoclonal antibody to M.tuberculosis may be an efficient and simple diagnostic tool in addition to classic examination methods for the diagnosis of intestinal TB.

Reliability of urinary tests for antibody to Helicobacterpylori in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

AIM: Although the quality of currently available urinary tests for detecting antibody to Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) have been proved in some populations, the accuracy has not been studied regarding patients who suffer from pulmonary tuberculosis with multi-drug treatments. The present study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of these urinary tests for antibody to H pylori in these patients. METHODS: Serum samples from 61 inpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis were tested using enzyme immunoassay, and urine samples were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (URINELISA) and immunochromatography method (RAPIRAN). Medicines prescribed to the patients were recorded for medical charts, to evaluate the influences on the results of urinary tests. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and consistency of URINELJSA against the serum test were 93.1%, 65.6%, and 78.6% respectively, and those of RAPIRAN were 86.2%, 93.7%, and 90.1% respectively, which were almost equal to the data previously reported. Prescribed medicines had little influence on the results. CONCLUSION: The two urinary tests for detecting H pylori antibody have a diagnostic accuracy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis given multiple anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Comparison of Sputum Smear Microscopy and Rapid Tuberculosisantibody Detection Test Kits for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Abia State, Nigeria

The SSM （sputum smear microscopy） and five immunochromatographic tuberculosis antibody detection tests （DiaSpot TB, Spodex TB, SD Rapid TB, Clinotech TB Screen and Precious One-step TB） were compared for diagnosis of active TB at the Leprosy and Tuberculosis Referral Hospital, Uzuakoli, Abia State, Nigeria. Sputum specimens from 150 study participants （male/female ratio, 0.81） were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen slopes and direct smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen technique and examined by light microscopy. Sera were tested for anti-TB antibodies using the rapid TB tests. A total of 91 participants were culture positive, 79 （86.8%） for M. tuberculosis and 12 （13.2%） for nontuberculous mycobacteria. The sensitivity of SSM was 50% （95% CI： 39.0-61.0） and specificity was 92.3% （95% CI： 86.4-98.2） in those culture positive for M. tuberculosis. The sensitivity and specificity of the Rapid TB tests ranged from 24.1-39.2% and 78.4-87.8%, respectively. None of the five rapid TB tests had acceptable level of accuracy for diagnosis of active TB. The sensitivity of SSM though moderate is inadequate for long term TB control in this setting.

Diagnosis of Crohn's disease in India where tuberculosis is widely prevalent

AIM:To define the parameters that positively predict diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and differentiate it from gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB). METHODS:This prospective study over 3 years was carried out in the consecutive Indian patients with definite diagnosis of CD and equal numbers of patients with definite diagnosis of GITB. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, morphological and histological features were noted in all the patients. Serological tests such as p-ANCA, c-ANCA, IgA ASCA and IgG ASCA, were performed. Endoscopic biopsy and/or surgical tissue specimens were subjected to smear and culture for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and tissue polymerase chain reaction for tuberculosis (TB PCR). Diagnosis of CD and GITB was based on the standard criteria. Data were analyzed using univariate Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression (MLR). RESULTS:The study is comprised of 26 patients with CD (age 36.6 ± 8.6 year, male:female, 16:10) and 26 patients with GITB (age 37.2 ± 9.6 year, male:female, 15:11). The following clinical variables between the two groups (CD vs TB) were significant in univariate analysis:duration of symptoms (58.1 ± 9.8 vs 7.2 ± 3.4 mo), diarrhoea (69.2% vs 34.6%), bleeding per rectum (30.7% vs 3.8%), fever (23.1% vs 69.2%), ascites (7.7% vs 34.6%) and extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (61.5% vs 23.1%). Of these, all except ascites and extra-colonic manifestations were found statistically significant by MLR. Accuracy of predicting CD was 84.62% based on the fever, bleeding P/R, diarrhoea and duration of symptoms while it was 63.4% when histology was reported as inflammatory bowel disease and 42.3% when there was recurrence of disease after surgery. Accuracy of predicting GITB was 73.1% when there was co-existing pulmonary lesions and/or abdominal lymphadenopathy;75% when tuberculosis was reported in histology;63.4% when granuloma was found in histology;82.6% when TB PCR was positive;and 61.5% when smear and/ or culture was positive for AFB. Serological test was not useful in differentiation of CD from GITB. Positivity rates for CD and GITB were:p-ANCA-3.8% and 3.8%, c-ANCA-3.8% and 0%, IgA ASCA-38.4% and 23.1%, and IgG ASCA-38.4% and 42.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION:Simple clinical parameters like fever, bleeding P/R, diarrhoea and duration of symptoms have the highest accuracy in differentiating CD from GITB.

Research progress on immune response of B lymphocytes and anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Multiple studies elucidated the importance of cellular immune mechanisms for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, recent studies showed that B lymphocytes play a role that is underestimated through various interactions with cellular immune response,forming an important aspect of host defense against M. tuberculosis bacteria. Therefore,the author hereby proposes a progressive perspective for immunology of tuberculosis,i.e., cellular immunity and humoral immunity are not necessarily mutually exclusive. The present study summarizes recent studies that support the important role of B lymphocytes in terms of M. tuberculosis infection.

TB-Ab、IGRA、GeneXpert技术联合检测在肺结核合并糖尿病诊断中的效能

目的:探讨结核分枝杆菌抗体(TB-Ab)、γ-干扰素释放试验(IGRA)、GeneXpert技术联合检测在肺结核合并糖尿病诊断中的效能。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2022年12月于惠安县医院就诊的200例疑似肺结核合并糖尿病患者的临床资料,均行TB-Ab、IGRA、GeneXpert技术检测,以痰培养结果为金标准,分析三者单项及联合检测诊断肺结核的效能。结果:痰培养结果显示,200例疑似肺结核合并糖尿病患者中,177例肺结核,占88.50%(177/200),23例非肺结核,占11.50%(23/200);TB-Ab检测检出阳性186例,占93.00%(186/200);IGRA检测检出阳性187例,占93.50%(187/200);GeneXpert技术检出阳性162例,占81.00%(162/200);联合检测检出阳性175例,占87.50%(175/200);GeneXpert技术诊断肺结核的特异度、阳性预测值均高于TB-Ab、IGRA单项检测,灵敏度低于TB-Ab、IGRA单项检测,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合检测诊断肺结核的准确度、阴性预测值均高于TB-Ab、IGRA、GeneXpert技术单项检测,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TB-Ab、IGRA、GeneXpert技术联合检测诊断肺结核的效能高于三者单项检测。

结核抗体和结核感染T细胞斑点试验对结核感染的诊断价值

目的:分析结核患者感染特点及流行趋势,探讨结核抗体(TB-Ab)和结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)检测在结核感染中的诊断价值。方法:收集2016—2022年成都市第一人民医院就诊患者的抗酸染色、TB-Ab及T-SPOT.TB检测结果,共纳入261例患者,根据抗酸染色结果分为菌阳组(93例抗酸染色结核杆菌阳性肺结核患者)、菌阴组(84例结核杆菌阴性结核患者)、对照组(84例非结核病患者)。收集患者的年龄、性别、科室等相关信息,比较抗酸染色、TB-Ab、T-SPOT.TB结果,分析TB-Ab、T-SPOT.TB单独与联合诊断结核病的价值。结果:本院患者抗酸染色阳性检出率为0.88%,TB-Ab阳性率为6.23%,T细胞斑点试验阳性率为49.27%。菌阳组和菌阴组TB-Ab及T-SPOT.TB阳性检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但两组分别与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示,TB-Ab的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.663[95%CI:(0.596,0.730)];T-SPOT.TB为0.725[95%CI:(0.656,0.795)],两者联合诊断的AUC为0.778[95%CI:(0.715,0.814)]。结论:抗酸染色为结核感染确诊的金标准,但敏感度较低,免疫学检测可有效补充其诊断能力。TB-Ab与T-SPOT.TB联合检测可提高结核感染诊断的效果,可用于临床中结核感染的辅助诊断。

抗γ-干扰素自身抗体阳性耐多药结核病并发马尔尼菲等多重感染一例并文献复习

目的: 报告1例抗γ-干扰素自身抗体阳性导致的耐多药结核病并发马尔尼菲等多重感染患者的诊治过程,并结合文献分析该病的临床特征、实验室检查、治疗及预后。方法: 回顾性分析2023年8月2日首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院收治的1例抗γ-干扰素自身抗体阳性导致的耐多药结核病并发马尔尼菲等多重感染患者的相关临床资料。检索截止时间2024年5月31日,分别从PubMed数据库中以“Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies、Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis”同时为检索词,从万方数据库、中国知网以“抗γ-干扰素自身抗体、耐多药结核病”同时为检索词均未检索到相关文献。而以“抗γ-干扰素自身抗体、Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies”分别为中英文关键词在万方数据库、中国知网和PubMed数据库进行检索,共检出抗γ-干扰素自身抗体并发药物敏感结核病2篇,检出抗γ-干扰素自身抗体并发机会性感染61篇,检出抗γ-干扰素自身抗体相关治疗17篇。总结该例患者特征并进行相关文献复习。结果: 该患者经过免疫评估,发现细胞免疫异常、基因突变,因药物不良反应和患者身体一般情况较差,错过最佳治疗时机,未达到理想效果。结合文献研究,65例并发两种及以上机会性感染,50例存在皮肤损害,而抗γ-干扰素自身抗体并发耐多药结核病患者既往无相关文献报道。文献报道中抗γ-干扰素自身抗体阳性的获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者中,机会性感染病原中马尔尼菲篮状菌病71例,非结核分枝杆菌病31例,结核病2例。其中,65例患者并发两种及以上机会性感染,50例患者存在皮肤损害。结论: 抗γ-干扰素自身抗体阳性患者可能合并多重感染,治疗效果差,尽早应用新型免疫制剂联合相关病原体治疗可能获得更好的预后。

T-SPOT TST和TB-AB在肺外结核诊断中的价值

目的：评价T-SPOT、TST和TB-AB在肺外结核诊断中的价值。方法对经细菌学和病理学确诊的21例肺外结核患者和外伤患者25例作为对照进行T-SPOT、TST和TB-AB的检测。结果 T-SPOT、TST和TB-AB在诊断肺外结核的敏感性分别为90.5%、76.2%和42.8%，特异性分别为96.0%、60.0%和64.0%。阳性预测值分别为95%、61.5%和50%，阴性预测值分别为92.3%、75.0%和57.1%。结论 T-SPOT比TST在诊断肺外结核具有更好的敏感性和特异性，TB-AB对肺外结核的诊断价值不大。

炎症性肠病患者应用抗TNF-α单抗发生结核风险的研究进展

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种胃肠道慢性非特异性复发性炎症性疾病。抗肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)单抗的出现极大地改善了IBD患者的预后,但同时也增加了患者发生活动性结核的风险。中国是结核高负担国家,临床医生应高度重视抗TNF-α单抗导致结核的风险。该文回顾了潜伏性结核感染及再激活的机制、抗TNF-α单抗导致结核的风险,以及国内外指南的诊疗推荐,期望能为合并潜伏性结核感染的IBD患者在应用抗TNF-α单抗时提供一些参考依据。

腹水中TB-AB、ADA和sCD44v6的检测及意义

目的:探讨可溶性CD44v6(sCD44v6)、腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA)和结核抗体(mycobac-terium tuberculosis antibody,TB-AB)联合检测对良、恶性腹水的鉴别诊断价值。方法:取48份结核性腹水、39份恶性腹水,分别用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、酶速率法及胶体金标法检测腹水sCD44v6、ADA及TB-AB水平。结果:恶性腹水组sCD44v6水平为(102.2±30.6)ng/ml,明显高于结核性腹水组(43.5±15.3)ng/ml(P<0.01);结核性腹水组ADA水平为(55.3±22.4)U/L,明显高于恶性腹水组(21.6±12.7)U/L(P<0.01)。结核患者血清ADA水平为(44.5±17.1)U/L,明显高于恶性肿瘤患者血清ADA水平(25.6±13.8)U/L(P<0.01)。以60.5ng/ml为阳性界值,sCD44 v6诊断恶性腹水的敏感度为82.1%、特异度为87.5%。以45U/L为阳性界值,ADA诊断结核性腹水的敏感度为83.3%、特异度为87.2%。以腹水/血清ADA比值>1.0为阳性界值,诊断结核性腹水的敏感度、特异度分别为89.6%、92.3%。TB-AB诊断结核的敏感度及特异度分别为85.4%及87.2%,诊断恶性肿瘤的敏感度为5.1%。TB-AB、ADA及P-ADA/S-ADA联合检测,诊断结核性腹水的敏感度、特异度分别为95.8%、94.9%。结论:TB-AB、ADA和sCD44v6对于良、恶性腹水的鉴别诊断有重要价值。

结核抗体检验在肺结核鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨结核抗体检验对肺结核的鉴别诊断价值。方法选取130例我院2021年8月至2022年8月就诊的疑似肺结核患者作为研究对象,入院后均行结核抗体检验及结核菌素(PPD)试验,以临床诊断结果为“金标准”,比较不同结核抗体检验方法对肺结核诊断价值,选取诊断准确率最高的结核抗体检验方案,分析其联合PPD试验对肺结核的诊断效能,并比较其对于不同类型肺结核检出率。结果与酶联免疫吸附法、蛋白芯片法比较,胶体金法结核抗体检验对于肺结核诊断灵敏度82.93%、准确度86.92%较高,漏诊率17.07%较低(P<0.05);与胶体金法结核抗体检验、PPD试验单独诊断比较,联合诊断灵敏度96.34%、准确度95.38%较高,漏诊率3.66%较低(P<0.05);与胶体金法结核抗体检验、PPD试验单独诊断比较,联合诊断对于血行播散性肺结核、结核性胸膜炎检出率较高(P<0.05)。结论胶体金法结核抗体检验可用于肺结核早期诊断中,联合PPD试验可进一步提高诊断效能,为临床早期筛查诊断、制订治疗方案提供参考。

TB-Ab、ADA、和CEA对良恶性胸水鉴别诊断价值

[目的]探讨胸水结核抗体(TB-Ab-IgG)、腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)、癌胚抗原(CEA)联合检测对良恶性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断价值。[方法]采用斑点金免疫渗滤试验(DIGFA)、酶连续监测法和酶联免疫(ELISA)双抗体夹心法对119例胸腔积液患者行胸水/血清TB-Ab-IgG、ADA和CEA检测分析。[结果]97例结核性胸膜炎患者胸水、血清中TB-Ab-IgG的阳性率分别为61.9%(60/97)和70.1%(68/97),特异性分别为90.1%(20/22)和86.4%(19/22)。ADA活性在结核性和癌性胸腔积液中分别为(59.58±29.85)U/L和(15.31±7.36)U/L(P﹤0.01)。以P-ADA﹥40 U/L做为诊断结核的临界值,其敏感性为79.3%,特异性为86.4%;以P-ADA/S-ADA﹥1为临界值,其敏感性为97.7%,特异性为95.5%。CEA在结核性和癌性胸腔积液中的阳性率分别为8.20%和63.6%,特异性91.8%(89/97)。[结论]胸水和血清TB-Ab-IgG、ADA、CEA联合检测对良恶性胸腔积液具有诊断与鉴别诊断价值。

曲霉菌特异性IgM和IgG抗体水平对肺结核患者并发慢性肺曲霉菌病的诊断价值

目的探讨曲霉菌特异性免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体水平检测在肺结核(PTB)患者并发慢性肺曲霉菌病(CPA)诊断中的价值。方法选择200例PTB患者,根据是否并发CPA将PTB患者分为CPA组(21例)和非CPA组(179例)。检测曲霉菌特异性IgM和IgG抗体水平,收集患者临床资料,多因素Logistic回归分析PTB患者并发CPA的影响因素。受试者工作特征曲线分析曲霉菌特异性IgM和IgG抗体诊断PTB患者并发CPA的价值。结果CPA组血清曲霉菌特异性IgM和IgG抗体水平均高于非CPA组(P均<0.05)。肺空洞、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、支气管扩张、高水平曲霉菌特异性IgM抗体、高水平曲霉菌特异性IgG抗体是PTB患者并发CPA的危险因素(P均<0.05)。曲霉菌特异性IgM、IgG抗体诊断PTB患者并发CPA的曲线下面积分别为0.793、0.666,联合曲霉菌特异性IgM、IgG抗体诊断PTB患者并发CPA的曲线下面积为0.873,高于单独曲霉菌特异性IgM抗体(P均<0.05),但与单独曲霉菌特异性IgG抗体差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论PTB并发CPA患者血清曲霉菌特异性IgG和IgM抗体水平升高,曲霉菌特异性IgG抗体在PTB并发CPA诊断中有较高价值,曲霉菌特异性IgG和IgM抗体联合检测有助于PTB并发CPA的诊断。

尿液特异性抗体检测在不典型肾结核早期诊断中的价值

目的分析尿液特异性抗体检测用于早期诊断不典型肾结核中的价值。方法选取2021年1月至2023年12月恩施市中心医院和恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院收治的疑似不典型肾结核总共80例患者为研究对象,采用胶体金法测定尿液内结核分枝杆菌IgG、IgM抗体。以尿液结核分枝杆菌培养及菌型鉴定结果作为金标准,分析尿液特异性结核分枝杆菌IgG、IgM抗体联合检测对不典型肾结核的诊断效能。结果金标准下阳性64例(包含人型结核分枝杆菌63例,牛型结核分枝杆菌1例),阴性16例;尿液特异性结核分枝杆菌IgG联合IgM抗体检测阳性63例,阴性17例。尿液特异性结核分枝杆菌IgG联合IgM抗体检测诊断肾结核的灵敏度为96.88%,特异度为93.75%,约登指数为0.906,阳性预测值为98.41%,阴性预测值为88.24%。结论尿液特异性抗体检测可用于不典型肾结核的早期诊断,尿液特异性结核分枝杆菌IgG联合IgM抗体检测能提高诊断效能。

结核感染T细胞斑点试验诊断女性生殖器结核的价值

目的探讨结核抗体检测(tuberculosis antibody testing,TB-Ab)与结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-cell spot of tuberculosis,T-SPOT.TB)诊断女性生殖器结核(female genital tuberculosis,FGT)的临床价值。方法选取2021年1月—2023年12月济宁市公共卫生医疗中心收治的82例临床初诊怀疑FGT的患者为研究对象。分别采用TB-Ab和T-SPOT.TB对患者进行检查,统计阳性检出率。以子宫内膜病理检查结果为“金标准”,评价2项诊断技术对FGT的诊断效能。结果基于“金标准”,TB-Ab诊断FGT的敏感度、特异度与准确率分别为69.10%、72.73%、69.51%,T-SPOT.TB诊断FGT的敏感度、特异度与准确率分别为91.55%、90.91%、91.46%,TB-Ab联合T-SPOT.TB诊断FGT的敏感度、特异度与准确率分别为94.37%、90.91%、93.90%。T-SPOT.TB诊断FGT的敏感度与准确率均高于TB-Ab,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);TB-Ab联合T-SPOT.TB诊断FGT的敏感度与准确率高于TB-Ab单一诊断,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但与T-SPOT.TB诊断比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论T-SPOT.TB对FGT的诊断效能高于TB-Ab,更具临床应用价值。

结核抗体、结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)及痰涂片、痰培养联合诊断活动性肺结核的实践价值

文章探讨了结核抗体、结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)及痰涂片、痰培养联合应用在活动性肺结核诊断中的临床实践价值。以2023年1月—12月期间甘肃医学院附属医院检验室接收的120例疑似肺结核患者样本为研究对象,对其血液和痰液样本进行检测,并评估单一检测结果与联合检测结果的诊断效能。研究结果显示,结核抗体、T-SPOT.TB、四种方法联合检测与临床检出结果无显著差异(P>0.05),痰涂片、痰培养检出阳性率显著低于临床检查结果(P<0.05)。四种方法联合检测的灵敏度和特异度分别为97.96%和95.45%,显著高于单一方法(P<0.05)。结核抗体、T-SPOT.TB及痰涂片、痰培养联合应用有助于提高活动性肺结核的诊断灵敏度,值得进一步推广应用。