Comparative proteomic analysis of renal tubular epithelial cell injury caused by oxalic acid and calcium oxalate monohydrate

Objective To analyze and identify the differentially expressed proteins in human renal tubular epithelial ceils ( HK-2) after injury caused by oxalic acid and calcium oxalate monohydrate ( COM ) crystal,and to explore the potential role of renal tubular cell injury in kidney stone formation. Methods Normal HK-2 cells

Effect and mechanism of adrenomedullin on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell in rats induced by renal ischemia reperfusion injury

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of adrenomedullin ( AM ) on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell in rats induced by renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group,IRI group, empty plasmid group and AM group. One week after re-

Acute kidney injury due to intravenous detergent poisoning:A case report

BACKGROUND Detergent poisoning mostly occurs through oral ingestion(>85%),ocular exposure(<15%),or dermal exposure(<8%).Reports of detergent poisoning through an intravenous injection are extremely rare.In addition,there are very few cases of renal toxicity directly caused by detergents.Here,we report a unique case of acute kidney injury caused by detergent poisoning through an accidental intravenous injection.CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old man was intravenously injected with 20 mL of detergent by another patient in the same room of a local hospital.The surfactant and calcium carbonate accounted for the largest proportion of the detergent.The patient complained of vascular pain,chest discomfort,and nausea,and was transferred to our institution.After hospitalization,the patient’s serum creatinine level increased to 5.42 mg/dL,and his daily urine output decreased to approximately 300 mL.Renal biopsy findings noted that the glomeruli were relatively intact;however,diffuse acute tubular injury was observed.Generalized edema was also noted,and the patient underwent a total of four hemodiafiltration sessions.Afterward,the patient’s urine output gradually increased whereas the serum creatinine level decreased.The patient was discharged in a stable status without any sequelae.CONCLUSION Detergents appear to directly cause renal tubular injury by systemic absorption.In treating a patient with detergent poisoning,physicians should be aware that the renal function may also deteriorate.In addition,timely renal replacement therapy may help improve the patient’s prognosis.

Preventive and therapeutic effects of Aerva lanata(L.) extract on ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in male Wistar albino rats

Objective Nephrolithiasis is a common urological disease. This study aims to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Aerva lanata(L.) roots(HAEAL) on ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in rats.Methods Fifty grams of shade-dried coarsely powdered Aerva lanata(L.) root was successively extracted with organic solvents in increasing order of polarity [petroleum ether(60-80 ℃), chloroform, and ethanol] using a Soxhlet apparatus, and then concentrated. Physical tests including nature, color, odor, and texture were performed on the herbal suspension. In vitro nephrolithiasis assessment was performed by nucleation assay, aggregation assay, and crystal growth assay. Thirty adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups(six rats in each group). Group 1: negative control group without induction or treatment till day 28. Group 2: positive control group receiving a daily oral solution of 0.75% ethylene glycol till day 14, and mixed with distilled water till day 28. Group 3: standard group receiving a daily oral solution of 0.75% ethylene glycol till day 14 and Cystone(750 mg/kg) from day 15 to day 28. Group 4: low dose HAEAL group receiving a daily oral solution of 0.75%ethylene glycol till day 14, and 400 mg/kg HAEAL from day 15 to day 28(1 mL per day). Group 5: high dose HAEAL group receiving a daily oral solution of 0.75% ethylene glycol till day 14,and 800 mg/kg HAEAL from day 15 to day 28(1 mL per day). Urine(urine volume, pH value,appearance, odor, and turbidity) examination and serum test were performed. On day 29, the kidneys were dissected, and histopathology examination was performed to determine the degree of tubular injury.Results The suspension showed stability and aroma with no turbidity at room temperature.The suspension did not show changes in color and odor until day 3, indicating that the preparation was stable for 72 h. Body weight decreased in the positive control group indicating stone formation and changes in water intake. Both standard and HAEAL treatments restored the body weight to normal levels after treatment, indicating the beneficial effects of the treatment. Histopathological examination revealed no significant findings in the negative control group, whereas the positive control group showed inflammation in the kidney parenchyma.Compared with positive control group, there was increase in urine volume and excretion of urinary constituents such as calcium and oxalate(P < 0.01) as well as improved clearance rate(P < 0.05) in HAEAL treatment groups, in addition, the urine pH value of HAEAL groups was increased.Conclusion HAEAL reduced nephrolithiasis formation and had a diuretic effect, which could be used to promote the expulsion of stones. Further studies are needed to enhance the stability of the suspension for the production of better pharmaceutical formulations.

7,8-dihydroxyflavone protects human renal proximal tubular cells from hypoxia injury via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress

Objective To observe the effects of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone(7,8-DHF)on hypoxia induced endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)in human proximal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2).Methods The mRNA level of ERS associated biomarkers was evaluated by RT-PCR assay