Objective To evaluate the effect of lamivudine on immunity of chronic hepatitis B by observing the sequential changes of serum TNF-α and HBV-DNA level. Methods 31 CHB patients with elevated serum ALT/AST level and HB...Objective To evaluate the effect of lamivudine on immunity of chronic hepatitis B by observing the sequential changes of serum TNF-α and HBV-DNA level. Methods 31 CHB patients with elevated serum ALT/AST level and HBVDNA level higher than 106 copies/mL were treated with lamivudine (100mg/day) for one year. The sequential serum samples, which were taken at the 0, 3 rd, 6 th, 12 th month after initiation of therapy, were used to detect serum level of TNF-α and quantity of HBV-DNA respectively. Results ① The serum TNF-α levels were higher than normal value before treatment in all patients; ② At In the 3 rd month of treatment, The the serum HBV-DNA level began to decline and became negative in the 54.9% of all patients. At the end of treatment, HBV-DNA was negative in 48.4% of all patients; ③ The decrease of TNF-α level was later than HBVDNA level drop. TNF-α level began to decline after 6 months treatment. At the end of treatment, TNF-α level was lower than that at in 6 th month, TNF-α level returned to normal in the 38.7% of all patients; ④ The TNF-α level decreased significantly after 6 months treatment in the patients with ALT>80IU/L at the beginning of treatment. But in the patients with ALT≤80IU/L, the TNF-α level decreased just after 12 months treatment; ⑤ TNF-α level fell obviously and early in patients whose HBVDNA became negative at in the 3 rd month. Conclusion Lamivudine can suppress the replication of HBVDNA quickly, and decrease TNF-α level in the serum TNF-α level. It suggests that lamivudine can modulate immune response directly or indirectly. The changes of serum TNF-α level may be used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of lamivudine.展开更多
Inflammation plays an important role in the development of several cancers.Inflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),are associated with the induction of inflammation.Chronic inflammation contr...Inflammation plays an important role in the development of several cancers.Inflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),are associated with the induction of inflammation.Chronic inflammation contributes to the progression of cancer through several mechanisms,including increased cytokine production and activation of transcription factors,such as nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB).Zerumbone(ZER),a component of subtropical ginger(Zingiber zerumbet Smith),seems to have anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,and antioxidant activities.In this study,we aimed to explore the protective function and mechanisms of ZER against TNF-α-induced cancer-promoting cytokines.We found that the viability of stimulated human fibroblast cell lines was reduced after treatment with ZER(IC50=18µmol/L),compared to un-stimulated fibroblasts(IC50=40µmol/L).Besides,ZER inhibited mRNA expression and protein secretion of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),interleukin-33(IL-33),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),and stromal cell-derived factor 1(SDF-1),which were produced by TNF-α-induced fibroblasts,as measured by quantitative real time-PCR(qRT-PCR)and ELISA assays.The mRNA expression levels of TGF-β,IL-33,SDF-1,and MCP-1 showed 8,5,2.5,and 4-fold reductions,respectively.Moreover,secretion of TGF-β,IL-33,SDF-1,and MCP-1 was reduced to 3.65±0.34 ng/mL,6.3±0.26,1703.6±295.2,and 5.02±0.18 pg/mL,respectively,compared to the untreated group.In addition,the conditioned media(CM)of TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts increased the NF-κB expression in colorectal cancer cell lines(HCT-116 and Sw48),while in the vicinity of ZER,the expression of NF-κB was reversed.Considering the significant effects of ZER,this component can be used as an appropriate alternative herbal treatment for cancer-related chronic inflammation.展开更多
To establish a stable and reliable model of refractory hypoxemia acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and examine its pathological mechanisms, a total of 144 healthy male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 gro...To establish a stable and reliable model of refractory hypoxemia acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and examine its pathological mechanisms, a total of 144 healthy male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups: group Ⅰ (saline control group), group Ⅱ (LPS intravenous "single-hit" group), group Ⅲ (LPS intratracheal "single-hit" group) and Group IV (LPS "two-hit" group). Rats were intravenously injected or intratracheally instilled with a large dose of LPS (10 mg/kg in 0.5 mL) to simulate a single attack of ARDS, or intraperitoneally injected with a small dose of LPS (1 mg/kg) followed by tracheal instillation with median dose of LPS (5 mg/kg) to establish a "two-hit" model. Rats in each group were monitored by arterial blood gas analysis and visual inspection for three consecutive days. Arterial blood gas values, lung wet/dry weight ratio and pathological pulmonary changes were analyzed to determine the effects of each ALI/ARDS model. Concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-10 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood plasma were meastired by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Our resulsts showed that single LPS-stimulation, whether through intravenous injection or tracheal instillation, could only induce ALl and temporary hypoxemia in rats. A two-hit LPS stimulation induces prolonged hypoxemia and specific pulmonary injury in rats, and is therefore a more ideal approximation of ARDS in the animal model. The pathogenesis of LPS two-hit-induced ARDS is associated with an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response and inflammatory injury. It is concluded that the rat ARDS model produced by our LPS two-hit method is more stable and reliable than previous models, and closer to the diagnostic criteria of ARDS, and better mimics the pathological process of ARDS.展开更多
Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the general population. It is estimated that diabetic nephropathy will eventually develop in about 40% of all patients with diabetes; theref...Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the general population. It is estimated that diabetic nephropathy will eventually develop in about 40% of all patients with diabetes; therefore, prevention is critical for delaying the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Despite extensive efforts, medical advances are still not successful enough to prevent the progression of the disease. In the present study, we focused on the comparison of combination therapies and whether they offered additional renoprotection. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneally administering streptozotocin (90 mg/kg) in neonatal rats and then these rats were treated with rosiglitazone (1.0 mg/kg) in combination with glimepiride (0.5 mg/kg) or with pioglitazone (2.5 mg/kg) in combination with glimepiride (0.5 mg/kg). Diabetic nephropathy markers were evaluated by biochemical and ELISA kits and renal structural changes were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results show that the combination of pioglitazone with glimepiride is more effective in amelioration of diabetic nephropathy than rosiglitazone with glimepiride drug therapy due to glycemic control, suppressing albumin excretion rate, total protein excretion rate and augmented TNF-α signaling during the development of streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic nephropathy.展开更多
[Objectives] To study the anti-inflammatory effects and its possible action mechanism of Pereskia aculeate Miller on rats with adjuvant arthritis( AJ). [Methods] Fifty SD rats( half male and half female) were randomly...[Objectives] To study the anti-inflammatory effects and its possible action mechanism of Pereskia aculeate Miller on rats with adjuvant arthritis( AJ). [Methods] Fifty SD rats( half male and half female) were randomly divided into 5 groups: blank group,model group,positive control group( Glucosidorum Tripterygll Totorum( GTT),12 mg/kg),and P. aculeate high and low dose group( 0. 86 and0. 43 g/m L). Except the blank group,other groups were induced with complete Freund's adjuvant( CFA) to establish the AA rat model. On the 17 th day of modeling,the drug was externally applied for soaking,and the diameter of foot hole and foot joint before and after administration was measured to observe the degree of swelling. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) was adopted to determine the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β( IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α). [Results] Compared with the model group,the degree of swelling of the foot sole and foot joints was reduced in the P. aculeate high dose group and the positive control group( P < 0. 05). According to ELISA test,compared with the model control group,the serum levels of IL-1β( P < 0. 05) and TNF-α( P < 0. 05) were significantly reduced in the P. aculeate high dose group and the positive control group. Compared with the positive control group,there was no significant difference( P > 0. 05). [Conclusions] P. aculeate has significant inhibitory effects on foot swelling of adjuvant arthritis in rats,and the action mechanism is possibly related to the decrease of IL-1β and TNF-α.展开更多
Objective This systematic review was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in metastatic breast cancer(MBC).Methods Based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria,data were independent...Objective This systematic review was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in metastatic breast cancer(MBC).Methods Based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria,data were independently collected from different databases by three investigators.Overall,three studies were included.Results The included studies indicated that no patient achieved a partial or complete response from different thalidomide dose levels.Thalidomide was well-tolerated at doses of 100 mg,200 mg,and 400 mg.In all three studies,common side effects included constipation,somnolence,fatigue,peripheral neuropathy,and dry mouth.Circulating angiogenic factors were not significantly correlated with disease progression.Conclusion The available evidence indicates that single-agent thalidomide has little or no activity in patients with MBC.展开更多
Fusarium moniliforme is a predominant fungus found in fungus-contaminated food in Linxian County, China, a high risk area of esophageal. cancer. Rats fed with corn bread inoculated with Fusarium moniliforme developed ...Fusarium moniliforme is a predominant fungus found in fungus-contaminated food in Linxian County, China, a high risk area of esophageal. cancer. Rats fed with corn bread inoculated with Fusarium moniliforme developed papillomas and squamous-cell carcinomas展开更多
Seaweed has been used in traditional cosmetics and as a herbal medicine in treatments for cough,boils,goiters,stomach ailments,and urinary diseases,and for reducing the incidence of tumors,ulcers,and headaches.Despite...Seaweed has been used in traditional cosmetics and as a herbal medicine in treatments for cough,boils,goiters,stomach ailments,and urinary diseases,and for reducing the incidence of tumors,ulcers,and headaches.Despite the fact that seaweeds are frequently used in the practice of human health,little is known about the role of seaweed in the context of inflammation.This study aimed to investigate the influence of Jeju endemic seaweed on a mouse macrophage cell line(RAW 264.7) under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Ethyl acetate extracts obtained from 14 different kinds of Jeju seaweeds were screened for inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators.Our results revealed that extracts from five seaweeds,Laurencia okamurae,Grateloupia elliptica,Sargassum thun-bergii,Gloiopeltis furcata,and Hizikia fusiformis,were potent inhibitors of the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide(NO),prostaglandin E2(PGE2),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Based on these results,the anti-inflammatory effects and low cell toxicity of these seaweed extracts suggest potential thera-peutic applications in the regulation of the inflammatory response.展开更多
文摘Objective To evaluate the effect of lamivudine on immunity of chronic hepatitis B by observing the sequential changes of serum TNF-α and HBV-DNA level. Methods 31 CHB patients with elevated serum ALT/AST level and HBVDNA level higher than 106 copies/mL were treated with lamivudine (100mg/day) for one year. The sequential serum samples, which were taken at the 0, 3 rd, 6 th, 12 th month after initiation of therapy, were used to detect serum level of TNF-α and quantity of HBV-DNA respectively. Results ① The serum TNF-α levels were higher than normal value before treatment in all patients; ② At In the 3 rd month of treatment, The the serum HBV-DNA level began to decline and became negative in the 54.9% of all patients. At the end of treatment, HBV-DNA was negative in 48.4% of all patients; ③ The decrease of TNF-α level was later than HBVDNA level drop. TNF-α level began to decline after 6 months treatment. At the end of treatment, TNF-α level was lower than that at in 6 th month, TNF-α level returned to normal in the 38.7% of all patients; ④ The TNF-α level decreased significantly after 6 months treatment in the patients with ALT>80IU/L at the beginning of treatment. But in the patients with ALT≤80IU/L, the TNF-α level decreased just after 12 months treatment; ⑤ TNF-α level fell obviously and early in patients whose HBVDNA became negative at in the 3 rd month. Conclusion Lamivudine can suppress the replication of HBVDNA quickly, and decrease TNF-α level in the serum TNF-α level. It suggests that lamivudine can modulate immune response directly or indirectly. The changes of serum TNF-α level may be used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of lamivudine.
基金This study was supported by a grant from Hamadan University of Medical Sciences(No.9511267103).
文摘Inflammation plays an important role in the development of several cancers.Inflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),are associated with the induction of inflammation.Chronic inflammation contributes to the progression of cancer through several mechanisms,including increased cytokine production and activation of transcription factors,such as nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB).Zerumbone(ZER),a component of subtropical ginger(Zingiber zerumbet Smith),seems to have anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,and antioxidant activities.In this study,we aimed to explore the protective function and mechanisms of ZER against TNF-α-induced cancer-promoting cytokines.We found that the viability of stimulated human fibroblast cell lines was reduced after treatment with ZER(IC50=18µmol/L),compared to un-stimulated fibroblasts(IC50=40µmol/L).Besides,ZER inhibited mRNA expression and protein secretion of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),interleukin-33(IL-33),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),and stromal cell-derived factor 1(SDF-1),which were produced by TNF-α-induced fibroblasts,as measured by quantitative real time-PCR(qRT-PCR)and ELISA assays.The mRNA expression levels of TGF-β,IL-33,SDF-1,and MCP-1 showed 8,5,2.5,and 4-fold reductions,respectively.Moreover,secretion of TGF-β,IL-33,SDF-1,and MCP-1 was reduced to 3.65±0.34 ng/mL,6.3±0.26,1703.6±295.2,and 5.02±0.18 pg/mL,respectively,compared to the untreated group.In addition,the conditioned media(CM)of TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts increased the NF-κB expression in colorectal cancer cell lines(HCT-116 and Sw48),while in the vicinity of ZER,the expression of NF-κB was reversed.Considering the significant effects of ZER,this component can be used as an appropriate alternative herbal treatment for cancer-related chronic inflammation.
基金supported by a grant from the Shanghai Education Committee(No.2005-81)
文摘To establish a stable and reliable model of refractory hypoxemia acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and examine its pathological mechanisms, a total of 144 healthy male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups: group Ⅰ (saline control group), group Ⅱ (LPS intravenous "single-hit" group), group Ⅲ (LPS intratracheal "single-hit" group) and Group IV (LPS "two-hit" group). Rats were intravenously injected or intratracheally instilled with a large dose of LPS (10 mg/kg in 0.5 mL) to simulate a single attack of ARDS, or intraperitoneally injected with a small dose of LPS (1 mg/kg) followed by tracheal instillation with median dose of LPS (5 mg/kg) to establish a "two-hit" model. Rats in each group were monitored by arterial blood gas analysis and visual inspection for three consecutive days. Arterial blood gas values, lung wet/dry weight ratio and pathological pulmonary changes were analyzed to determine the effects of each ALI/ARDS model. Concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-10 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood plasma were meastired by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Our resulsts showed that single LPS-stimulation, whether through intravenous injection or tracheal instillation, could only induce ALl and temporary hypoxemia in rats. A two-hit LPS stimulation induces prolonged hypoxemia and specific pulmonary injury in rats, and is therefore a more ideal approximation of ARDS in the animal model. The pathogenesis of LPS two-hit-induced ARDS is associated with an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response and inflammatory injury. It is concluded that the rat ARDS model produced by our LPS two-hit method is more stable and reliable than previous models, and closer to the diagnostic criteria of ARDS, and better mimics the pathological process of ARDS.
文摘Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the general population. It is estimated that diabetic nephropathy will eventually develop in about 40% of all patients with diabetes; therefore, prevention is critical for delaying the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Despite extensive efforts, medical advances are still not successful enough to prevent the progression of the disease. In the present study, we focused on the comparison of combination therapies and whether they offered additional renoprotection. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneally administering streptozotocin (90 mg/kg) in neonatal rats and then these rats were treated with rosiglitazone (1.0 mg/kg) in combination with glimepiride (0.5 mg/kg) or with pioglitazone (2.5 mg/kg) in combination with glimepiride (0.5 mg/kg). Diabetic nephropathy markers were evaluated by biochemical and ELISA kits and renal structural changes were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results show that the combination of pioglitazone with glimepiride is more effective in amelioration of diabetic nephropathy than rosiglitazone with glimepiride drug therapy due to glycemic control, suppressing albumin excretion rate, total protein excretion rate and augmented TNF-α signaling during the development of streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation Project of Guangxi(2017GXNSF AA198255)Young Scholar Project of Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2015LX037)Student's Platform for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China in 2016(201610601016)
文摘[Objectives] To study the anti-inflammatory effects and its possible action mechanism of Pereskia aculeate Miller on rats with adjuvant arthritis( AJ). [Methods] Fifty SD rats( half male and half female) were randomly divided into 5 groups: blank group,model group,positive control group( Glucosidorum Tripterygll Totorum( GTT),12 mg/kg),and P. aculeate high and low dose group( 0. 86 and0. 43 g/m L). Except the blank group,other groups were induced with complete Freund's adjuvant( CFA) to establish the AA rat model. On the 17 th day of modeling,the drug was externally applied for soaking,and the diameter of foot hole and foot joint before and after administration was measured to observe the degree of swelling. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) was adopted to determine the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β( IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α). [Results] Compared with the model group,the degree of swelling of the foot sole and foot joints was reduced in the P. aculeate high dose group and the positive control group( P < 0. 05). According to ELISA test,compared with the model control group,the serum levels of IL-1β( P < 0. 05) and TNF-α( P < 0. 05) were significantly reduced in the P. aculeate high dose group and the positive control group. Compared with the positive control group,there was no significant difference( P > 0. 05). [Conclusions] P. aculeate has significant inhibitory effects on foot swelling of adjuvant arthritis in rats,and the action mechanism is possibly related to the decrease of IL-1β and TNF-α.
文摘Objective This systematic review was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in metastatic breast cancer(MBC).Methods Based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria,data were independently collected from different databases by three investigators.Overall,three studies were included.Results The included studies indicated that no patient achieved a partial or complete response from different thalidomide dose levels.Thalidomide was well-tolerated at doses of 100 mg,200 mg,and 400 mg.In all three studies,common side effects included constipation,somnolence,fatigue,peripheral neuropathy,and dry mouth.Circulating angiogenic factors were not significantly correlated with disease progression.Conclusion The available evidence indicates that single-agent thalidomide has little or no activity in patients with MBC.
文摘Fusarium moniliforme is a predominant fungus found in fungus-contaminated food in Linxian County, China, a high risk area of esophageal. cancer. Rats fed with corn bread inoculated with Fusarium moniliforme developed papillomas and squamous-cell carcinomas
基金supported by the Jeju Sea-green Program for the Regional Innovation Systemthe Regional Technology Innovation Program (No RTI04-02-07) of the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy,Korea
文摘Seaweed has been used in traditional cosmetics and as a herbal medicine in treatments for cough,boils,goiters,stomach ailments,and urinary diseases,and for reducing the incidence of tumors,ulcers,and headaches.Despite the fact that seaweeds are frequently used in the practice of human health,little is known about the role of seaweed in the context of inflammation.This study aimed to investigate the influence of Jeju endemic seaweed on a mouse macrophage cell line(RAW 264.7) under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Ethyl acetate extracts obtained from 14 different kinds of Jeju seaweeds were screened for inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators.Our results revealed that extracts from five seaweeds,Laurencia okamurae,Grateloupia elliptica,Sargassum thun-bergii,Gloiopeltis furcata,and Hizikia fusiformis,were potent inhibitors of the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide(NO),prostaglandin E2(PGE2),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Based on these results,the anti-inflammatory effects and low cell toxicity of these seaweed extracts suggest potential thera-peutic applications in the regulation of the inflammatory response.