Primary Extra-Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) arising from mesentery of small bowel and presenting as abdominal mass: A rare entity

Introduction: Majority of mesenchymal tumors of gastrointestinal tract are Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST). It is, however, a rare tumor, accounting for less than 1% of primary gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms. Though, these tumors are refractory to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy but show a good response to targeted adjuvant chemotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors following surgical resection. Case Report: we report here a case of primary Extra-GIST tumor arising from mesentry of small bowel near duodeno-jejunal junction in a 69 years old male patient. The patient presented with a palpable mass in upper abdomen for past 15 days. On examination, a non-tender mobile lump of size around 17 × 10 cm, with bosselated surface and firm in consistency was palpable involving epigastric, left hypochondrium and umbilical region. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen revealed a heterogenous mesentric mass. On surgical intervention a mass was found involving mesentery near dudenojejunal junction without involvement of gastrointestinal tract. Complete surgical resection of the tumor was done and adjuvant chemotherapy with Imatinib mesylate was started as HPE revealing GIST with mitotic index of >10/50 HPF and 17 × 10 cm size placed the patient in high risk category. Patient was discharged on 12th of post-operative day with advice of regular follow-up. Conclusion: GIST occurrence is not restricted to bowel but can involve unusual sites also. The mainstay of treatment remains surgical resection with adequate margin. In cases where tumour has malignant potential (high mitotic figures on histopathology) adjuvent treatment with tyrosine kinase may prevent or delay relapse.

Bone and soft tissue tumors presenting as sciatic notch dumbbell masses: A critical differential diagnosis of sciatica

AIM To study the clinical findings and characteristic features in sciatic notch dumbbell tumors(SNDTs).METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical outcomes and characteristic features of consecutive cases of SNDTs(n = 8). RESULTS Buttock masses occurred in three patients with SNDT(37.5%). Severe buttock tenderness and pain at rest were observed in seven patients with SNDTs(87.5%). Remarkably, none of the patients with SNDTs experienced back pain. Mean tumor size was 8.4 ± 2.0 cm(range, 3.9 to 10.6 cm) and part of the tumor mass was detected in 2 patients in the sagittal view of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).CONCLUSION The clinical information regarding to SNDTs is scarce. The authors consider that above mentioned characteristic findings may facilitate the suspicion of pelvic pathology and a search for SNDT by MRI or computed tomography should be considered in patients presenting with sciatica without evidence of spinal diseases.

Rare diaphragmatic tumor mimicking liver mass

Primary tumors of the diaphragm are quite rare. About 150 cases have been reported in the literature. Fibrosarcomas are the commonest malignant neoplasms of the diaphragm; however, only a few(less than 20) cases have been reported to date. We present the case of an extremely rare tumor of the diaphragm mimicking a liver mass. The patient, a young 28-year-old woman, presented with an 8-month-history of mildly progressive upper abdominal pain and early fullness after meals. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a mass located in the region of the left lobe of the liver with non visualized left lobe and partial vascular supply of the mass from the left hepatic artery. The tumor was also seen to draw its vascularity from bilateral internal mammary arteries. Surgical excision and hepatectomy was planned, keeping in mind the diagnosis of an atypical left hepatic mass. Laparotomy revealed a left diaphragmatic tumor growing caudally into the upper abdomen, compressing and splaying the liver along the left medial surface where the tumorwas virtually adherent to it. Successful excision of the mass and subsequent histopathological and immunochemistry examination of the specimen revealed low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma of the diaphragm. This case highlights the unusual presentation of a diaphragmatic mesenchymal tumor and how it can be mistaken as an atypical liver mass. It also emphasizes the tumoral vascular supply as an indicator of its organ of origin.

Thoracic Ganglioneuroma: A Rare Neural Tumor (Case Report and Literature Review)

Ganglioneuroma is an extremely rare tumor that is derived from neural crest. Many ganglioneuroma cases are detected incidentally unless they are large enough to cause compressive symptoms. We report an 18-year-old patient with posterior mediastinal ganglioneuroma which was abutting the descending aorta. The patient underwent successful resection by thoracoscopic approach and was followed up for one year with no complications. In summary, a detailed review with experts in both radiology and pathology is mandated to diagnose these tumors. Informed consent was obtained from the patient.

MASS TRANSPORT IN SOLID TUMORS (Ⅰ)──FLUID DYNAMICS

A three-porous-medium model for transvascular exchange and extravascular transport of fluid and macromolecules in a spherical solid tumor is developed. The microvasculature , lymphatics, and tissue space are each treated as a porous medium with the flow of blood. lymph, and interstitial fluid obeying Darcy's law and Starling 's assumption. In this part, the role of interstitial pressure and fluid convection are studited. The analytical soiutions are obtained for foe isolated tumor and the normal-tissue-surrounded tumor respectively. The calculated interstitial pressure profue are consistent with the experimental observation that the elevated interstitial pressure is a major barrier in the penetration of macromolecular drug into tumors. The factors which may reduce the interstitial pressure are analyzed in details.

Sonographic Diagnosis of Bone Tumors

This paper presents the results of sonographic and radiographic exami nations in 48 patients clinically diagnosed as having bone tumors. Sonography revealed bone destruction in all 48 cases, elevated periosteum in 26 cases and soft tissue mass in 34 cases. The results obtained in this series demonstrate that mostbone tumors have their characteristic sonographic features such as giant cell tu-mors, malignant bone tumors, bone cysts, as well as metastatic lesions. Studyshowed that sonography has equally high accuracy in the diagnosis of these tumorscompared with radiography.

Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A systematic review and meta analysis

AIM: To detect pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) has been varied. This study is undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in detecting PNETs.METHODS: Only EUS studies confirmed by surgery or appropriate follow-up were selected. Articles were searched in Medline, Ovid journals, Medline nonindexed citations, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Systematic Reviews. Pooling was conducted by both fixed and random effects model). RESULTS: Initial search identified 2610 reference articles, of these 140 relevant articles were selected and reviewed. Data was extracted from 13 studies (n = 456) which met the inclusion criteria. Pooled sensitivity of EUS in detecting a PNETs was 87.2% (95%CI: 82.2-91.2). EUS had a pooled specificity of 98.0% (95%CI: 94.3-99.6). The positive likelihood ratio of EUS was 11.1 (95%CI: 5.34-22.8) and negative likelihood ratio was 0.17 (95%CI: 0.13-0.24). The diagnostic odds ratio, the odds of having anatomic PNETs in positive as compared to negative EUS studies was 94.7 (95%CI: 37.9-236.1). Begg-Mazumdar bias indicator for publication bias gave a Kendall's tau value of 0.31 (P = 0.16), indication no publication bias. The P for χ2 heterogeneity for all the pooled accuracy estimates was > 0.10. CONCLUSION: EUS has excellent sensitivity and specificity to detect PNETs. EUS should be strongly considered for evaluation of PNETs.

Heterogeneity and renal mass biopsy:a review of its role and reliability

Increased abdominal imaging has led to an increase in the detection of the incidental small renal mass(SRM). With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign(15%-20%) to aggressive(20%), enthusiasm for more conservative management strategies in the elderly and infirmed, such as active surveillance(AS), have grown considerably. As the management of the SRM evolves to incorporate ablative techniques and AS for low risk disease, the role of renal mass biopsy(RMB) to help guide individualized therapy is evolving. Historically, the role of RMB was limited to the evaluation of suspected metastatic disease, renal abscess, or lymphoma. However, in the contemporary era, the role of biopsy has grown, most notably to identify patients who harbor benign lesions and for whom treatment, particularly the elderly or frail, may be avoided. When performing a RMB to guide initial clinical decision making for small, localized tumors, the most relevant questions are often relegated to proof of malignancy and documentation(if possible) of grade. However, significant intratumoral heterogeneity has been identified in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) that may lead to an underestimation of the genetic complexity of a tumor when single-biopsy procedures are used. Heterogeneous genomic landscapes and branched parallel evolution of ccRCCs with spatially separated subclones creates an illusion of clonal dominance when assessed by single biopsies and raises important questions regarding how tumors can be optimally sampled and whether future evolutionary tumor branches might be predictable and ultimately targetable. This work raises profound questions concerning the genetic landscape of cancer and how tumor heterogeneity may affect, and possibly confound, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the current role of RMB, the implications of tumor heterogeneity on diagnostic accuracy, and highlight promising future directions.

Role of ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in a case of Krukenberg tumor

We report a case of Krukenberg tumor of gastric origin with adnexal metastasis,in which ultrasonography(US) and contrast-enhanced US(CEUS) played a key diagnostic role.An 64-year-old female patient was referred to our department for abdominal pain,nausea and ascites.US examination was performed as first line diagnostic imaging approach,confirming the presence of ascites and detecting marked thickness of the gastric wall and a right adnexal mass.CEUS was immediately performed and showed arterial enhancement followed by wash-out in the venous phase of both the gastric wall and the adnexal mass,suggesting the diagnosis of gastric cancer with right adnexal metastasis(Krukenberg syndrome).The patient underwent USguided paracentesis and esophagogastroduodenoscopy that showed linitis plastica.Cytologic examination of the peritoneal fluid revealed the presence of signetring cells,and histologic examination of the specimen obtained by endoscopic biopsy showed primary gastric mucus-producing adenocarcinoma with signetring cells.Although transvaginal US is undoubtedly the method of choice to evaluate ovarian tumors,abdominal US and CEUS can provide key diagnostic elements,supporting clinicians in the first steps of the diagnostic work-up of abdominal and pelvic masses.

Current diagnostic approach to patients with adnexal masses: which tools are relevant in routine praxis?

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate which anamnestic, laboratory and ultrasound parameters used in routine practice could predict the nature of adnexal mass, thus enabling referral to relevant specialist. Methods： Study involved the women treated for adnexal tumors throughout a period of 2 years. On admission, detailed anamnestic and laboratory data were obtained, expert ultrasound scan was performed, and power Doppler index （PDI）, risk of malignancy index （RMI） and body mass index （BMI） were calculated for all patients. Obtained data were related to histopathological findings, and statistically analyzed. Results： The study included 689 women （112 malignant, 544 benignant, and 33 borderline tumors）. Malignant and borderline tumors were more frequent in postmenopausal women （P=0.000）. Women who had benignant tumors had the lowest BMI （P=0.000）. There were significant （P〈0.05） differences among tumor types regarding erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CA125 and carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） levels. Among ultrasound findings, larger tumor diameter and ascites were more frequent in malignant tumors （P=0.000）. Women with malignant tumors had highest values of RMI and PDI （P=0.000）. Conclusions： Anamnestic data, ultrasound parameters and laboratory analyses were all found to be good discriminating factors among malignant, benignant and borderline tumors.

Breast non-mass-like lesions on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: Feature analysis, breast image reporting and data system classification assessment

BACKGROUND Breast non-mass-like lesions(NMLs)account for 9.2%of all breast lesions.The specificity of the ultrasound diagnosis of NMLs is low,and it cannot be objectively classified according to the 5th Edition of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System(BI-RADS).Contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)can help to differentiate and classify breast lesions but there are few studies on NMLs alone.AIM To analyze the features of benign and malignant breast NMLs in grayscale ultrasonography(US),color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI)and CEUS,and to explore the efficacy of the combined diagnosis of NMLs and the effect of CEUS on the BI-RADS classification of NMLs.METHODS A total of 51 breast NMLs verified by pathology were analyzed in our hospital from January 2017 to April 2019.All lesions were examined by US,CDFI and CEUS,and their features from those examinations were analyzed.With pathology as the gold standard,binary logic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for malignant breast NMLs,and a regression equation was established to calculate the efficiency of combined diagnosis.Based on the regression equation,the combined diagnostic efficiency of US combined with CEUS(US+CEUS)was determined.The initial BI-RADS-US classification of NMLs was adjusted according to the independent risk factors identified by CEUS,and the diagnostic efficiency of CEUS combined with BI-RADS(CEUS+BI-RADS)was calculated based on the results.ROC curves were drawn to compare the diagnostic values of the three methods,including US,US+CEUS,and CEUS+BI-RADS,for benign and malignant NMLs.RESULTS Microcalcification,enhancement time,enhancement intensity,lesion scope,and peripheral blood vessels were significantly different between benign and malignant NMLs.Among these features,microcalcification,higher enhancement,and lesion scope were identified as independent risk factors for malignant breast NMLs.When US,US+CEUS,and CEUS+BI-RADS were used to identify the benign and malignant breast NMLs,their sensitivity rates were 82.6%,91.3%,and 87.0%,respectively;their specificity rates were 71.4%,89.2%,and 92.9%,respectively;their positive predictive values were 70.4%,87.5%,and 90.9%,respectively;their negative predictive values were 83.3%,92.6%,and 89.7%,respectively;their accuracy rates were 76.5%,90.2%,and 90.2%,respectively;and their corresponding areas under ROC curves were 0.752,0.877 and 0.903,respectively.Z tests showed that the area under the ROC curve of US was statistically smaller than that of US+CEUS and CEUS+BI-RADS,and there was no statistical difference between US+CEUS and CEUS+BI-RADS.CONCLUSION US combined with CEUS can improve diagnostic efficiency for NMLs.The adjustment of the BI-RADS classification according to the features of contrastenhanced US of NMLs enables the diagnostic results to be simple and intuitive,facilitates the management of NMLs,and effectively reduces the incidence of unnecessary biopsy.

卵巢巨大包块311例临床分析

目的:探讨卵巢巨大包块(平均径线≥10 cm)的临床和病理特征,并分析不同年龄层患者的临床特点。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月至2022年12月于南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院经手术确诊的311例来源于卵巢的巨大包块患者的临床和病理特点。并将患者按年龄和包块平均径线进一步分层,比较不同年龄组和不同包块平均径线组临床和病理特征的差异。结果:①患者中位年龄44(24,60)岁。首发症状依次为体检发现卵巢包块、腹痛、腹胀、自觉腹部膨隆、出现压迫症状。②手术方式依次为:单侧卵巢切除术(30.5%,95/311),卵巢囊肿剥除术(28.9%,90/311),肿瘤分期或肿瘤细胞减灭术(28.0%,87/311),全子宫+双侧附件切除术(12.5%,39/311)。③病理类型为:良性(49.5%,154/311)、恶性(31.8%,99/311)、交界性(18.7%,58/311)。④<20岁组患者因发现腹部膨隆就诊者,显著高于其他两组(P<0.05)。>50岁组的卵巢切除率高于其他两组(P<0.05),且<20岁组患者的单侧卵巢切除率仍高达30.1%(15/49)。⑤包块大小与病程的长短相关,病程1~6月时,包块径线>30 cm者最常见(P<0.05)。>30 cm组交界性肿瘤的发生率显著高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:卵巢巨大包块以卵巢黏液性及卵巢交界性黏液肿瘤多见。包块大小随病程的延长有增大趋势,且随着包块增大,交界性肿瘤发生率随之升高。同时应加强年轻群体的健康宣教,当出现腹痛、腹胀,尤其是下腹膨隆时应及时就诊,以避免因交界性肿瘤等切除卵巢。

Determination of Impurities and Degradation Products/Causes for <i>m</i>-Iodobenzylguanidine Using HPLC-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

m-Iodobenzylguanidinium hemisulfate (MIBGHS) is a precursor in the preparation of radioiodine-labeled m-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), which is used as a radio-imaging and therapy agent for neuroendocrine tumors and myocardial sympathetic nerve function. To ensure the quality and efficacy of the medicine and prevent side effects, the precursor purity, source of impurity, and derivatives have to be determined. In this study, the purity of synthesized MIBGHS and the amount of contaminants therein were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection, gradient eluted by ammonium formate aqueous solution and acetonitrile mobile phase on both C8 and phenyl type column. The impurities were identified on the basis of molecular and fragmented ion mass spectra using of electrospray ionization triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed the presence of process-related impurities including m-bromobenzylguanidine (MBrBG) and overreacted byproducts. Stress test results indicated that MIBGHS is stable under acidic and dry thermal conditions for at least 72 h but MIBG aqueous solution was deteriorated slowly when exposed to UV light, thermal, oxidative and alkaline environments. Thus, m-iodobenzylamine, the starting material intended for the synthesis of MIBGHS should be analyzed to ensure that it is free from m-bromobenzylamine impurity. Stored under normal condition (-18°C), MIBGHS is stable for at least 12 months. The chemically labile guanidine and amine groups in MIBGHS are the major causes of its instability, while iodide loss from the phenyl group is a minor cause.

Nuclear Protein in Testis Midline Carcinoma Simulating Germ Cell Tumor of the Mediastinum

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is a very rare and aggressive human cancer characterized by overexpression of the nuclear protein in testis (NUT) most commonly due to a chromosomal translocation that fuses the NUT gene on chromosome 15 with the BRD4 gene on chromosome19. It has been described mainly in younger individuals in the mediastinum and head and neck regions and known to be highly aggressive with poor outcomes. We report the case of 23 years old male, diagnosed with locally advanced mediastinal malignancy metastatic to the lung with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) suggestive of germ cell tumor. However, pathology with immunohistochemistry excluded the dignosis of germ cell tumor and confirmed the diagnosis of poorly differentiated carcinoma. Despite aggressive treatment, evolution was marked by rapid clinical deterioration leading to death within 1 month of initial diagnosis. We report this case to underline the rarity of this disease, clinico-radiological and pathologic features, especially misleading presentation with germ cell tumors, treatment management and prognosis.

Establishing a protein expression profile database for the normal human pituitary gland using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry

In this study, we selected adult normal pituitary gland tissues from six patients during operations for pituitary microadenomas via the transsphenoidal approach for extended normal pituitary tissue resection around the tumor, and analyzed the protein expression of human normal pituitary using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry proteomics technology. The ten most highly expressed proteins in normal human pituitary were： alpha 3 type VI collagen isoform 5 precursor （abundance among tall pituitary proteins 1.30%）, fibrinogen beta chain preproprotein （0.99%）, vimentin （0.73%）, prolactin （0.69%）, ATP synthase, H~ transporting and mitochondrial F1 complex beta subunit precursor （0.52%）, keratin I （0.49%）, growth hormone （0.45%）, carbonic anhydrase I （0.40%）, heat shock protein 90 kDa I （0.31%）, and annexin V （0.30%）. Based on the biological function classifications of these proteins, the top three categories by content were neuroendocrine proteins （abundance among all pituitary proteins, 40.1%）, catalytic and metabolic proteins （28.3%）, and cell signal transduction proteins （9.8%）. Based on cell positioning classification, the top three categories were cell organelle （24.5%） membrane （20.8%）, and cytoplasm （13.0%）. Based on biological process classification, the top three categories of proteins are involved in physiological processes （42.9%）, cellular processes （40.4%）, and regulation of biological processes （9.1%）. Our experimental findings indicate that a protein expression profile database of normal human pituitary can be precisely and efficiently established by proteomics technology.

中国肿瘤住院患者肌肉减少症调查报告

目的报告中国恶性肿瘤患者肌肉减少症的流行病学调查结果。方法纳入中国肿瘤营养队列研究常见恶性肿瘤营养状态与临床结局相关性研究(INSCOC)数据库2013年7月至2023年12月86家三级甲等医院19种恶性肿瘤患者61627例。采用亚洲肌肉减少症工作组(AWGS)2019年肌肉减少症诊断标准诊断肿瘤患者肌肉减少症。χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法分析比较不同特征肿瘤患者肌肉减少症患病情况。结果肿瘤患者中肌肉减少症的患病率为18.1%(11175/61627)。肌肉减少症患病率因肿瘤类型、TNM分期、年龄、性别、地理区域及治疗情况不同而存在差异:消化系统肿瘤患者肌肉减少症患病率较高,其中胰腺癌患者患病率最高[32.4%(311/961)];肌肉减少症患病率随TNM分期增高而增大(P<0.05);70岁以上患者肌肉减少症患病率最高[34.7%(3510/10129)];女性肿瘤患者肌肉减少症患病率高于男性患者[16.1%(5544/34381)比20.7%(5631/27246),P<0.05];东北地区的患者患病率最低[14.7%(2398/16300)],接受手术治疗的患者患病率最高[22.1%(1635/7412)]。此外,在某些肿瘤类型中,不同医疗保险类型、职业、教育水平、民族、居住地的患者肌肉减少症患病率存在显著性差异,文化水平低、农民患者发生肌肉减少症的风险更高。结论本研究首次以大规模数据报告了肿瘤患者肌肉减少症的患病率,消化道系统、老年、农民、低教育水平及进展期肿瘤患者等是发生肌肉减少症的高风险人群。

肌肉质量减少对不同部位肿瘤病人的预后分析

目的:分析肌肉质量减少对肿瘤病人预后的影响,并观察肌肉质量减少在不同肿瘤病人预后中的差异。方法:选用NHANES数据库中1999~2006年及2011~2018年可获得肌肉质量的肿瘤病人作为研究对象,将其根据DXA测量的肌肉质量差异分成肌肉质量减少组和非肌肉质量减少组。通过Cox回归多因素分析肌肉质量减少对肿瘤病人预后的影响,并将病人不同肿瘤部位进行亚组分析,分析肌肉质量减少对其总生存率(OS)及癌症特异性生存率(CSS)产生的差异。结果:本研究共纳入肿瘤病人1 663人,其中头颈部肿瘤病人64例,皮肤肿瘤病人478例,乳腺肿瘤病人237例,肺部肿瘤病人39例,消化系统肿瘤病人138例,泌尿系统肿瘤病人253例,妇科肿瘤病人264例,血液系统肿瘤病人64例,其他部位肿瘤病人103例。共分为肌肉质量降低组517例,非肌肉质量降低1 146例。肌肉质量降低的肿瘤组病人OS以及CSS显著低于非肌肉质量降低组(OS,HR=1.358;CSS,HR=2.109)。其中肌肉质量降低与头颈部肿瘤病人的OS显著相关(HR=4.060),在泌尿系统肿瘤病人中,肌肉质量降低组OS及CSS都明显更差(OS,HR=1.625;CSS,HR=2.311),而其余肿瘤病人在未表现出明显差异性。结论:肌肉质量降低的肿瘤病人较正常肿瘤病人的OS以及CSS明显更差,且对不同部位的肿瘤病人表现出不同的预后影响性,尤其需关注头颈部肿瘤及泌尿系统肿瘤的肌肉质量状况并及时干预。

CD45^(+)CD326^(+)双阳性细胞的特征及其在膀胱癌预后预测中的作用

目的探讨CD45^(+)CD326^(+)双阳性细胞(double positive cells,DPCs)对膀胱癌预后的影响,并构建膀胱癌DPCs相关基因评分系统,探究不同DPCs评分膀胱癌患者肿瘤微环境的特征。方法采用单细胞测序技术分析DPCs的分子特征,质谱流式技术分析DPCs高比例组和低比例组患者的肿瘤微环境异质性。基于TCGA‐BLCA队列,根据DPCs的特征基因构建评分系统,并在GSE13507队列及GSE32894队列中进行验证。结果膀胱癌患者中DPCs高比例组患者的预后较低比例组患者的预后差(P=0.0158),且高、低比例组患者的肿瘤微环境存在异质性,高比例组患者较低比例患者的免疫细胞和肿瘤细胞有更高的免疫检查点、共抑制因子和共激活因子的表达水平(均P<0.05);基于TCGA‐BLCA队列构建了9个基因(APOBEC3G、CD96、CLEC2D、GNG2、GNLY、IL32、PSMB9、RORA、SKAP1)的膀胱癌DPCs相关基因评分系统。TCGA‐BLCA队列、GSE13507队列和GSE32894队列分析结果显示,高风险评分组膀胱癌患者的总生存期明显比低DPCs评分组短(均P<0.01)。免疫抑制、雌激素等信号通路在高风险评分组中显著富集。结论DPCs与膀胱癌不良预后密切相关,基于DPCs特征基因构建的模型可较准确地预测膀胱癌患者的临床预后。

澳洲茄碱对肺癌A549细胞生物活性、瘤体抑制及MAPK/ERK1/2的影响

目的澳洲茄碱对肺癌A549细胞生物活性、瘤体抑制及MAPK/ERK1/2信号的影响。方法将人肺癌细胞株A549分为空白组、低剂量澳洲茄碱组、中剂量澳洲茄碱组、高剂量澳洲茄碱组及顺铂组,分别加入浓度为0、15、20、25μmol/L的澳洲茄碱及2μg/mL顺铂培养。MTT检测活性;流式细胞仪检测凋亡率;Transwell法检测侵袭;划痕试验检测划痕愈合率。25只裸鼠分为空白组、低剂量澳洲茄碱组、中剂量澳洲茄碱组、高剂量澳洲茄碱组及顺铂组,皮下注射0.3 mL的0、15、20、25μmol/L的澳洲茄碱及2μg/mL顺铂共培养A549细胞,观察瘤体质量及抑瘤率。结果澳洲茄碱组降低A549细胞活性,凋亡率升高,侵袭、划痕愈合率、MAPK、p-MAPK、ERK1/2及p-ERK1/2蛋白水平降低(P<0.05)。结论澳洲茄碱可抑制肺癌细胞增殖、侵袭及转移,并加快凋亡,作用呈现剂量依赖性且高剂量效果最佳,研究机制可能与抑制MAPK/ERK1/2信号表达相关。