Optically pumped wavelength-tunable lasing from a GaN beam cavity with an integrated Joule heater pivoted on Si

Dynamically tunable laser sources are highly promising for realizing visionary concepts of integrated photonic circuits and other applications. In this paper, a Ga N-based laser with an integrated PN junction heater on Si is fabricated.The photoluminescence properties of the Ga N beam cavity are controlled by temperature, and the Joule heater provides electrically driven regulation of temperature. These two features of the cavity make it possible to realize convenient tuning of the lasing properties. The multi-functional Ga N beam cavity achieves optically pumped lasing with a single mode near 362.4 nm with a high Q-factor of 1394. The temperature of this device increases by 0–5℃ under the Joule heating effect. Then, electrical control of the lasing mode is demonstrated. The lasing resonant peak shows a continuous redshift of about 0.5 nm and the device also exhibits dynamic switching of its lasing mode. The lasing modulation can be ascribed to temperature-induced reduction of the bandgap. Our work may be of benefit for external optical modulation in future chip-based optoelectronic devices.

Single Photon Detection Technology in Underwater Wireless Optical Communication:Modulation Modes and Error Correction Coding Analysis

This study explores the application of single photon detection(SPD)technology in underwater wireless optical communication(UWOC)and analyzes the influence of different modulation modes and error correction coding types on communication performance.The study investigates the impact of on-off keying(OOK)and 2-pulse-position modulation(2-PPM)on the bit error rate(BER)in single-channel intensity and polarization multiplexing.Furthermore,it compares the error correction performance of low-density parity check(LDPC)and Reed-Solomon(RS)codes across different error correction coding types.The effects of unscattered photon ratio and depolarization ratio on BER are also verified.Finally,a UWOC system based on SPD is constructed,achieving 14.58 Mbps with polarization OOK multiplexing modulation and 4.37 Mbps with polarization 2-PPM multiplexing modulation using LDPC code error correction.

High efficiency continuous-wave tunable signal output of an intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate

In this paper we report on a continuous-wave （CW） intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator （ICSRO） based on periodically poled LiNbO3 （PPLN） pumped by a diode-end-pumped CW Nd：YVO4 laser. Considering the thermal lens effects and diffraction loss, an optical ballast lens and a near-concentric cavity are adopted for better operation. Through varying the grating period and the temperature, the tunable signal output from 1406 nm to 1513 nm is obtained. At a PPLN grating period of 29 pm and a temperature of 413 K, a maximum signal output power of 820 mW at 1500 nm is achieved when the 808 nm pump power is 10.9 W, leading to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 7.51%.

Digital coherent detection research on Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry with simplex pulse codes

The digital coherent detection technique has been investigated without any frequency-scanning device in the Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry （BOTDR）, where the simplex pulse codes are applied in the sensing system. The time domain signal of every code sequence is collected by the data acquisition card （DAQ）. A shift-averaging technique is applied in the frequency domain for the reason that the local oscillator （LO） in the coherent detection is fix-frequency deviated from the primary source. With the 31-bit simplex code, the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） has 3.5-dB enhancement with the same single pulse traces, accordant with the theoretical analysis. The frequency fluctuation for simplex codes is 14.01 MHz less than that for a single pulse as to 4-m spatial resolution. The results are believed to be beneficial for the BOTDR performance improvement.

Widely Tunable Middle Infrared Optical Parametric Oscillator Pumped by the Q-Switched Ho：GdVO_4 Laser

We demonstrate a middle infrared ZnGeP_2 optical parametric oscillator pumped by the Q-switched Ho：GdVO_4 laser. When the incident Ho pump power is 4.12 W, the maximum average output power of the ZGP-OPO laser is 2.05 W, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 74.6%. The ZGP-OPO laser produces 4.2 ns mid-infrared pulses at a pulse repetition rate of 5 kHz. In addition, we obtain 0.8 um of tunable range for the signal wave and 2.1 um of tunable range for the idler wave.

Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and Gain Chip Used in Wavelength Tunable Lasers

The design concept of semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)and gain chip used in wavelength tunable lasers(TL)is discussed in this paper.The design concept is similar to that of a conventional SOA or a laser;however,there are a few different points.An SOA in front of the tunable laser should be polarization dependent and has low optical confinement factor.To obtain wide gain bandwidth at the threshold current,the gain chip used in the tunable laser cavity should be something between SOA and fixed-wavelength laser design,while the fixed-wavelength laser has high optical confinement factor.Detailed discussion is given with basic equations and some simulation results on saturation power of the SOA and gain bandwidth of gain chip are shown.

Tunable femtosecond laser in the visible range with an intracavity frequency-doubled optical parametric oscillator

We demonstrated experimentally a synchronously pumped intracavity frequency-doubled femtosecond optical para- metric oscillator （OPO） using a periodically-poled lithium niobate （PPLN） as the nonlinear material in combination with a lithium triborate （LBO） as the doubling crystal. A Kerr-lens-mode-locked （KLM） Ti：sapphire oscillator at the wavelength of 790 nm was used as the pump source, which was capable of generating pulses with a duration as short as 117 fs. A tunable femtosecond laser covering the 624-672 nm range was realized by conveniently adjusting the OPO cavity length. A maximum average output power of 260 mW in the visible range was obtained at the pump power of 2.2 W, with a typical pulse duration of 205 fs assuming a sech2 pulse profile.

Modified Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguides as Tunable Optical Tweezers

We propose a series of modified hybrid plasmonic waveguide systems.It is found that their propagation distances and mode areas depend on their shapes notably.The optical trapping forces exerting on the dielectric nanoparticles are calculated,and the strength and range of the forces can be adjusted by altering the shapes of the waveguides.These features demonstrate the possibility of using the modified hybrid waveguide systems to design tunable nanoscale optical tweezers.

Transparent Thermally Tunable Microwave Absorber Prototype Based on Patterned VO2 Film

Transparent microwave absorbers that exhibit high optical transmittance and microwave absorption capability are ideal,although having a fixed absorption performance limits their applicability.Here,a simple,transparent,and thermally tunable microwave absorber is proposed,based on a patterned vanadium dioxide(VO_(2))film.Numerical calculations and experiments demonstrate that the proposed VO_(2)absorber has a high optical transmittance of 84.9%at 620 nm;its reflection loss at 15.06 GHz can be thermally tuned from–4.257 to–60.179 dB,and near-unity absorption is achieved at 523.750 K.Adjusting only the patterned VO_(2)film duty cycle can change the temperature of near-unity absorption.Our VO_(2)absorber has a simple composition,a high optical transmittance,a thermally tunable microwave absorption performance,a large modulation depth,and an adjustable temperature tuning range,making it promising for application in tunable sensors,thermal emitters,modulators,thermal imaging,bolometers,and photovoltaic devices.

A New Family of Optical Codes Based on Complementary Theory for OCDMA System

A new family of optical codes for Optical Code-division Multiple Access (OCDMA) systems, named as Optical Complementary Codes (OCCs), is proposed in this paper. The constructions of these codes consist of multiple sub-codes, and the codes have an auto-correlation interference constraint as 0 and a cross-correlation interference constraint as 1. Compared with conventional optical codes such as OPCs, OOCs and 2-D OOCs, the OCC has a shorter code length and higher code efficiency with better correlation property.

Tunable Optical Filters Based on Different Configurations with Cholesteric Liquid Crystals

Optical filters with different configurations based on cholesteric liquid crystals （CLCs） are designed. The central wavelength from CLCs can be tuned by the electric field or temperature. For the electric field tuning, the ITO is designed with circular patterns, which can make the tunable range 18 nm. For the temperature tuning, two-layer- CLC configurations are used. The experimental results indicate that a deepened or broadened bandgap from the CLC can be achieved by different handedness or concentrations of chiral dopants. The spectrum study is carried out.

A New Simple Route to ZnS Quantized Particles with Tunable Size and Shape, and Size/Shape-Dependent Optical Properties

With the features of convenience and eco-friendly, the low-temperature solid-state reaction synthesis was successfully developed as a new approach to prepare quantum-sized ZnS nanocrystals. One major achievement is that the size and shape of ZnS nanocrystals can be tuned by adjusting the surfactant and its feed. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of quasispherical and one-dimensional quantum-sized ZnS nanocrystals all showed a blue-shift from the bulk counterpart, indicating large quantum confinement effects of ZnS nanocrystals. These ZnS nanocrystals all showed well-defined excitonic emission features. Contrastive studies on photoluminescence performances indicated that the bandedge emission experienced only the size-dependent quantum confinement effect, while the trap-state emission experienced the size- and shape-dependences. So we can design a purposeful synthesis route to ZnS nanocrystals with target luminescence emission performances.

Wideband Tunable Frequency-Doubling Optoelectronic Oscillator Using a Polarization Modulator and an Optical Bandpass Filter

A wideband tunable frequency-doubling optoelectronic oscillator （FD-OEO） is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on a polarization modulator and an optical bandpass filter （OBPF）. The central frequency of the correspondingly fundamental OEO could be adjusted by tuning the bandwidth and central frequency of the OBPF, which could also be regarded as a photonic-assisted tunable microwave filter. The frequency tuning range of the FD-OEO covers from 9.5 to 32.8？GHz, and the single sideband phase noise of the fundamental signal is lower than -100dBc/Hz at an offset of 10？kHz. Moreover, the frequency stability of the generated signal is investigated by measuring its Allan deviation. The Allan deviation of the generated fundamental signal at 10？GHz is 2.39×10^-9.

Application of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy with Optical Hollow Fiber to Engine Exhaust Gas Measurement

In recent years, tighter regulation has been already enforced on harmful substances such as NOx, CO, and particles. Considering the above situation, it is important to monitor controlling factors of engine systems in order to improve efficiencies of their operations. As to car engines, an increasing concern in environmental issues such as air pollution, global warming and petroleum depletion has helped drive researches into various ways. Laser diagnostics has been applied to measure species concentration in the actual industrial fields. However there are several challenges to proceed in applying laser diagnostics to practical application. Especially stability of the measurement system is one of the most difficult issues. The purpose of this research is the development of a prompt measurement technique which can be applicable to various engine conditions. The Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy （TDLAS） using the hollow fiber has been developed to satisfy above requirements. By using a hollow fiber, misalignment of an optical axis and vulnerability of measurement environment such as vibration can be greatly reduced with sensitive and fast response features. It was demonstrated that this method can be applicable to measure gas compositions in engine exhaust with a range of millisecond response time. A sensitive method using tunable UV diode laser absorption spectroscopy was also discussed to detect NOx in exhausts.

Classic analogue of Autler–Townes-splitting transparency using a single magneto-optical ring resonator

We show that an optical transparency can be obtained by using only one single magneto-optical ring resonator. This effect is based on the splitting of counterclockwise and clockwise modes in the ring resonator. Within a proposed resonator-waveguide configuration the superposition between the two degeneracy broken modes produces a transparency window,which can be closed, open, and modified by tuning the applied magnetic field. This phenomenon is an analogue of Autler–Townes splitting, and the magnetic field is equivalent to the strong external pump field. We provide a theoretic analysis on the induced transparency, and numerically demonstrate the effect using full-wave simulation. Feasible implication of this effect and its potential applications are also discussed.

考虑信息泄露影响的光纤传感网络传输数据安全导入方法

为了提高对光纤传感网络传输数据安全传输能力,提出基于信息泄漏加密传输的光纤传感网络传输数据安全导入方法。采用离散混沌时间序列同步调制方法实现对光纤传感网络传输数据导入过程中调制编码处理,根据混沌随机编码特性实现对光纤传感网络传输数据过程中的同步输出稳定性调节和自主随机编码,构建光纤传感网络信息传输泄漏抑制的加密密钥,通过Logistics映射实现对光纤传感网络传输数据导入过程中的信息泄漏加密重传,根据光纤传感网络传输数据的混合敏感密钥表征和算术编码,实现信息泄漏控制和数据安全导入。实验结果表明,采用该方法进行光纤传感网络传输数据导入的加密性能较好,其光纤传感网络传输数据已加密比特序列的识别率为98%,误码率仅为2.7∗10-9%,抗泄漏能力达到了0.970,并且导入后的数据完整度达到了0.996,说明该方法具备了较强的加密效果、抗泄漏能力,实现数据的安全导入和加密传输。

基于长度可变密钥的光学图像加密方法

为提升光学图像加密效果,设计了一种基于长度可变密钥的光学图像加密方法。基于混沌方程构成混沌序列均匀化普适算法,运用该算法生成均匀化伪随机序列,以此作为长度可变密钥,经空间光调制器调制后,转换此类密钥为伪随机相位掩模(PRPM),运用两个转换后PRPM双重随机相位编码初始光学图像,并结合变形分数傅里叶变换(AFrFT),相位转换编码后光学图像,获得加密光学图像,完成光学图像加密。实验结果显示,该方法可针对不同光学图像生成敏感性与唯一性密钥,实现不同光学图像的加密处理,加密效果显著,加密光学图像的像素频数分布均匀,且解密后光学图像与初始光学图像几乎一致,整体加解密效果理想,可有效保障光学图像的安全性,而且本方法可以在最短3 s的时间内完成光学图像的加密和解密,加解密效率更高,综合效果更佳。

基于小波压缩深度学习重构的多图像光学加密

为解决多图像加密算法密文体积大、加密效果差、重构效果不理想等问题,提出一种基于小波压缩和深度学习重构的多图像光学加密方法。利用小波压缩提取多图像的低频部分,将重排后的新图放入改进的FDT-DRPE光学加密系统中得到密文;利用矢量分解和螺旋相位变换克服FDT-DRPE不敏感问题;构造的L_S混沌系统提高密钥敏感性。提出新型深度学习网络模型BHCN,解决传统图像重构精度不高问题。实验结果表明,密文体积可压缩至原图的1/4,重构图像的峰值信噪比为34.57 dB,结构相似性为0.9521,与同类文献相比,速度更快,重构效果更好,安全性更高。

Liquid crystal-integrated metasurfaces for an active photonic platform

Metasurfaces have opened the door to next-generation optical devices due to their ability to dramatically modulate electromagnetic waves at will using periodically arranged nanostructures.However,metasurfaces typically have static optical responses with fixed geometries of nanostructures,which poses challenges for implementing transition to technology by replacing conventional optical components.To solve this problem,liquid crystals(LCs)have been actively employed for designing tunable metasurfaces using their adjustable birefringent in real time.Here,we review recent studies on LCpowered tunable metasurfaces,which are categorized as wavefront tuning and spectral tuning.Compared to numerous reviews on tunable metasurfaces,this review intensively explores recent development of LC-integrated metasurfaces.At the end of this review,we briefly introduce the latest research trends on LC-powered metasurfaces and suggest further directions for improving LCs.We hope that this review will accelerate the development of new and innovative LC-powered devices.

基于U波段光波产生频率可调谐的微波载波

【目的】具有可调谐能力的高频微波载波(GHz)在第五代移动通信技术(5G)/第六代移动通信技术(6G)无线网络、雷达系统和卫星通信领域中有着广泛的应用。由于比较简单的系统结构、大带宽和低损耗的优点,基于光子技术生成高频可调谐微波载波的技术方案吸引了国内外研究团队的广泛关注。由于目前C波段有着成熟的商用器件,因此目前光生微波实验多在C波段进行。随着波分复用(WDM)—光载射频(ROF)技术借助WDM系统在光频域的合/分波来灵活实现微波频段的合/分波,利用ROF系统采用光生微波技术来简化基站配置,使得C波段的有限带宽资源(35 nm, 1 530~1 565 nm)越来越紧张。因此,光生微波技术的研究有着向更宽光谱范围扩展的驱动力。U波段可以提供宽至50 nm(1 625~1 675 nm)的信道带宽来缓解C波段的信道利用压力。在U波段,标准单模光纤已实现低至0.195 dB/km(@1 625 nm)的光功率损耗,特别是,掺铥光纤放大器在U波段也可实现达到18.7 dB(@1 655 nm)的大带宽增益。因此,基于标准单模光纤的WDM系统可向U波段扩展,从而促使WDM-ROF技术向这一波段延伸,进而带动光生微波技术向U波段拓展。文章研究了U波段的光生微波技术。【方法】从数学模型上看,现有光生微波技术对所应用的光载波波段是透明的,只需选择对应工作波段的光子学器件就可在任意波段使用这些方法来产生微波载波。从原理上看,C波段的光子学器件(如偏振控制器、相位调制器(PM)和光纤移相器(FPS)等)可以工作在U波段,这些器件的工艺技术成熟并易于购置。因此,文章采用C波段的PM、FPS和光耦合器等光子学器件,基于U波段光载波搭建了光生微波载波系统。【结果】最终基于该系统产生了调谐范围覆盖7.5~12.0 GHz、杂散抑制比达29.6~35.2 dB的可调谐微波载波。【结论】文章通过公式原理分析和实验验证,实现了将光生微波载波技术的工作波段扩展至U波段。