Tungsten disulfide(WS_2), as a representative layered transition metal dichalcogenide(TMDC) material, possesses important potential for applications in highly sensitive sensors. Here, a sensitivity-enhanced surface pl...Tungsten disulfide(WS_2), as a representative layered transition metal dichalcogenide(TMDC) material, possesses important potential for applications in highly sensitive sensors. Here, a sensitivity-enhanced surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensor with a metal film modified by an overlayer of WS_2 nanosheets is proposed and demonstrated. The SPR sensitivity is related to the thickness of the WS_2 overlayer, which can be tailored by coating a WS_2 ethanol suspension with different concentrations or by the number of times of repeated post-coating.Benefitting from its large surface area, high refractive index, and unique optoelectronic properties, the WS_2 nanosheet overlayer coated on the gold film significantly improves the sensing sensitivity. The highest sensitivity(up to 2459.3 nm∕RIU) in the experiment is achieved by coating the WS_2 suspension once. Compared to the case without a WS_2 overlayer, this result shows a sensitivity enhancement of 26.6%. The influence of the WS_2 nanosheet overlayer on the sensing performance improvement is analyzed and discussed. Moreover, the proposed WS_2 SPR sensor has a linear correlation coefficient of 99.76% in refractive index range of 1.333 to 1.360. Besides sensitivity enhancement, the WS_2 nanosheet overlayer is able to show additional advantages, such as protection of metal film from oxidation, tunability of the resonance wavelength region, biocompatibility, capability of vapor,and gas sensing.展开更多
The basal planes of transition metal dichalcogenides are basically inert for catalysis due to the absence of adsorption and activation sites,which substantially limit their catalytic application.Herein,a facile strate...The basal planes of transition metal dichalcogenides are basically inert for catalysis due to the absence of adsorption and activation sites,which substantially limit their catalytic application.Herein,a facile strategy to activate the basal plane of WS_(2) for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysis by phosphorous-induced electron density modulation is demonstrated.The optimized P doped WS_(2)(P-WS_(2))nanowires arrays deliver a low overpotential of 88 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2)with a Tafel slope of 62 mV·dec^(-1)for HER,which is substantially better than the pristine counterpart.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the surface electron densities of WS_(2) have been availably manipulated by P doping.Moreover,density functional theory(DFT)studies further prove P doping can redistribute the density of states(DOS)around EF,which endow the inert basal plane of PWS_(2) with edge-like catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution catalysis.Our work offers a facile and effective approach to modulate the catalytic surface of WS_(2) toward highly efficient HER catalysis.展开更多
Recently,two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides,particularly WS_(2),raised extensive interest due to its extraordi-nary physicochemical properties.With the merits of low costs and prominent properties such a...Recently,two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides,particularly WS_(2),raised extensive interest due to its extraordi-nary physicochemical properties.With the merits of low costs and prominent properties such as high anisotropy and distinct crystal structure,WS_(2) is regarded as a competent substitute in the construction of next-generation environmentally benign energy storage and conversion devices.In this review,we begin with the fundamental studies of the structure,properties and preparation of WS_(2),followed by detailed discussions on the development of various WS_(2) and WS_(2)-based composites for electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications.In the end,some prospective prospects and promising develop-ments of WS_(2) in these fields are proposed.展开更多
Energy and environmental issues received widespread attentions due to the fast growth of world population and rapid development of social economy.As a transition metal dichalcogenide,tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))nanomate...Energy and environmental issues received widespread attentions due to the fast growth of world population and rapid development of social economy.As a transition metal dichalcogenide,tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))nanomaterials make important research progress in the field of energy conversion and storage.In view of the versatile and rich microstructure of these mate-rials,the modification and controllable synthesis of WS_(2) nanomaterials also inspire a research interest.This review mainly focuses on WS_(2)-based nanomaterials in the application of energy conversion and storage as well as discusses some basic characteristics and modification strategies of them.Finally,the research progress of WS_(2)-based nanomaterials is reviewed and some prospects for future research directions are proposed.This review is expected to be beneficial to the future study of WS_(2) nanomaterials used in the field of energy conversion and storage.展开更多
Paper-based devices have attracted extensive attention due to the growing demand for disposable flexible electronics.Herein,we integrate semiconducting devices on cellulose paper substrate through a simple abrasion te...Paper-based devices have attracted extensive attention due to the growing demand for disposable flexible electronics.Herein,we integrate semiconducting devices on cellulose paper substrate through a simple abrasion technique that yields high-performance photodetectors.A solvent-free WS_(2) film deposited on paper favors an effective electron-hole separation and hampers recombination.The as-prepared paper-based WS2 photodetectors exhibit a sensitive photoresponse over a wide spectral range spanning from ultraviolet(365 nm)to near-infrared(940 nm).Their responsivity value reaches up to~270 mA W^(−1) at 35 V under a power density of 35 mW cm^(−2).A high performance photodetector was achieved by controlling the environmental exposure as the ambient oxygen molecules were found to decrease the photoresponse and stability of the WS_(2) photodetector.Furthermore,we have built a spectrometer using such a paperbased WS_(2) device as the photodetecting component to illustrate its potential application.The present work could promote the development of cost-effective disposable photodetection devices.展开更多
In order to examine the possibility to improve its camouflage properties standard cotton fabric with camouflage print was impregnated with poly(vinyl butyral),PVB and fullerene-like nanoparticles of tungsten disulfide...In order to examine the possibility to improve its camouflage properties standard cotton fabric with camouflage print was impregnated with poly(vinyl butyral),PVB and fullerene-like nanoparticles of tungsten disulfide,PVB/IF-WS_(2).FTIR analysis excluded any possible chemical interaction of IF-WS_(2) with PVB and the fabric.The camouflage behavior of the impregnated fabric has been examined firstly in the VIS part of the spectrum.Diffuse reflection,specular gloss and color coordinates were measured for three different shades(black,brown and dark green).Thermal imaging was applied to examine the camouflage abilities of this impregnation in IR part of the spectrum.The obtained results show that PVB/IF-WS_(2) impregnation system induced enhacement of the materials camouflage properties,i.e.that IF-WS_(2) have a positive effect on spectrophotometric characteristics of the fabric.展开更多
The lubrication performance of liquids is severely restricted and is degraded in high-temperature environments. Stable and reliable lubrication in high temperature environments has been a long-standing goal in various...The lubrication performance of liquids is severely restricted and is degraded in high-temperature environments. Stable and reliable lubrication in high temperature environments has been a long-standing goal in various industrial fields. In this study,WS_(2)and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene nanoflakes were used as oil-based lubricant additives to generate ultra-low friction and even superlubricity(friction coefficient of ~0.007) at elevated temperatures(400℃), which has hitherto not been achieved by both individual pristine materials, WS_(2)and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene. Viscosity and thermogravimetric characterization revealed improvements in the high-temperature rheological properties and thermal stability of the lubricating base oil, indicating improved loadbearing and continuous lubrication capabilities at elevated temperatures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy demonstrated that the formation of an iron/titanium/tungsten-rich oxide lubricious thin film at the sliding interface reduced the interfacial shear stress, which was responsible for the observed friction and wear reductions at high contact pressures(> 1.1 GPa). Although the titanium/tungsten oxide film was gradually removed after prolonged sliding, a sufficiently thick iron oxide film maintained a low friction coefficient for at least 2 h. The improved surface quality facilitates the achievement of ultra-low friction and reduced wear. The proposed lubrication methodology has a broad utilization potential as a wear-reduction strategy across various industrial fields at elevated temperatures.展开更多
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)have become a promising platform in valleytronics due to possessing the regulatable valley degrees of freedom.While,as a result of the rapid intervalley scattering,it i...Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)have become a promising platform in valleytronics due to possessing the regulatable valley degrees of freedom.While,as a result of the rapid intervalley scattering,it is difficult to measure the PL valley polarization of monolayer TMDCs at room temperature,which limits their application in valleytronics devices.Here,we report a room temperature photoluminescence(PL)valley polarization up to 3.73%in an“optical bilayer”WS_(2)formed by transferring monolayer WS_(2)onto flat Ag film.Furthermore,in the transient absorption(TA)measurements,a remarkably long valley depolarization lifetime is found.Thus,we demonstrate the valley properties of such“optical bilayer”WS_(2)resemble actual bilayer WS_(2),in which the robust valley polarization can be attributed to the phonons depletion effect and the blocked interlayer hopping processes.These peculiar valley features in“optical bilayer”WS_(2)provide a particularly simple method to enhance valley control at room temperature.展开更多
Tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))has been reported to show negligible stacking dependence under ambient conditions,impeding its further explorations on physical properties and potential applications.Here,we realize efficient...Tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))has been reported to show negligible stacking dependence under ambient conditions,impeding its further explorations on physical properties and potential applications.Here,we realize efficient modulation of interlayer coupling in bilayer WS_(2)with 3R and 2H stackings by high pressure,and find that the pressure-triggered interlayer coupling and pressure-induced resonant-to-nonresonant transition exhibit prominent stacking dependence,which are experimentally observed for the first time in WS2.Our work may unleash the stacking degree of freedom in designing WS_(2)devices with tailored properties correlated to interlayer coupling.展开更多
The poor crystallinity and unstable crystal structure of tungsten disulfide(WS2)limit its application in practice.In this paper,a molten salt electrolysis method is proposed to intercalate metal ions into the interlay...The poor crystallinity and unstable crystal structure of tungsten disulfide(WS2)limit its application in practice.In this paper,a molten salt electrolysis method is proposed to intercalate metal ions into the interlayers of layered WS2 to obtain few-layer sheetlike structures.The effect of the molten salt system,applied constant current and electrolysis duration on the exfoliation degree of WS2 bulk has been investigated.The results show that the products electrolyzed in molten LiCl-NaCl-KCl and NaClKCl salts under 25 mA were more transparent and thinner flakes sheets due to the uniform intercalation of Li^+and Na^+with smaller size.The exfoliated WS_(2)was used as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries with a potential of 0.01-2.50 V.In comparison,the WS_(2)-NaCl-25 mA electrode displays a high reversible capacity of 373 mAh·g^(-1)at0.1 A·g^(-1)after cycling for 100 cycles at the same time showing great rate and cycle performance.It also presents a high capacitive ratio of 90.65%at 1.0 mV·s^(-1).The molten salt electrolysis provides a new perspective on the exfoliation of layered material,while demonstrating the great potential of WS2 as an anode material for sodium-ion battery.展开更多
An ionic liquid-polyaniline/tungsten disulfide(IL-PANI/WS_(2))composite was synthesized in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate(LB104)aqueous solution by in-situ polymerization and characterized by Fourier tran...An ionic liquid-polyaniline/tungsten disulfide(IL-PANI/WS_(2))composite was synthesized in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate(LB104)aqueous solution by in-situ polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.A current-carrying friction and wear tester was used to study the tribological properties of steel-steel and copper-copper friction pairs lubricated by an IL-PANI/WS_(2) lithium complex grease(LCG).After the experiment,scanning electron microscope was used to observe the surface morphology of the wear scar on the steel and copper plates,and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer was used to analyze the elemental composition of the wear scar surface.The results show that compared with greases containing IL-PANI and WS_(2),greases containing IL-PANI/WS_(2) exhibit better antiwear performance when lubricating steel-steel friction pairs and better tribological performance and electrical conductivity when lubricating copper-copper friction pairs.Therefore,it can be concluded that WS_(2) and IL-PANI have a synergistic effect.展开更多
Next-generation catalysts for water splitting are crucial towards a renewable hydrogen economy. MoS2 and WS2 represent earth-abundant, noble metal cathode alternatives with high catalytic activity at edge sites. One c...Next-generation catalysts for water splitting are crucial towards a renewable hydrogen economy. MoS2 and WS2 represent earth-abundant, noble metal cathode alternatives with high catalytic activity at edge sites. One challenge in their development is to nanostructure these materials in order to achieve increased performance through the creation of additional edge sites. In this work, we demonstrate a simple route to form nanostructured-WS2 using sonochemical exfoliation to break interlayer and intralayer bonds in WS2 nanotubes. The resulting few-layer nanoflakes are -100 nm wide with a high density of edge sites. WS2 nanoflakes are utilized as cathodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and exhibit superior performance to WS2 nanotubes and bulk particles, with a lower onset potential, shallower Tafel slope and increased current density. Future work may employ ultra-small nanoflakes, dopant atoms, or graphene hybrids to further improve electrocatalytic activity.展开更多
Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (WS2 and SnS2) have recently joined the family of energy storage materials (for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors) as a result of their favorable ion interc...Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (WS2 and SnS2) have recently joined the family of energy storage materials (for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors) as a result of their favorable ion intercalation. So far, challenges in the synthesis of phase-pure WS2, restacking between WS2 nanosheets, low electronic conductivity, and the brittle nature of WS2, severely limit its use Li-ion battery application. Herein, we develop a facile low temperature solution sulfuration process to improve battery performance dramatically. The sulfuration process is demonstrated to be effective in converting WO3 impurities to WS2, and in repairing the sulfur vacancies, to improve cyclability and rate capability. Lithium-ion battery measurements demonstrate that the stable capacity of the WS2 anode could be enhanced by 48.4% via sulfuration reprocessing, i.e., from 381.7 to 566.8 rnAh/g at a relatively high current density of 0.8 A/g after 50 cycles. We further show that the sulfuration process can be readily extended to other dichalcogenides, and may provide a class of versatile electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries with improved electrochemical characteristics.展开更多
As the crystal quality and phase structure of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have significant impacts on their properties such as electroconductivity,superconductivity and chemical stability,...As the crystal quality and phase structure of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have significant impacts on their properties such as electroconductivity,superconductivity and chemical stability,the precise synthesis,which plays an important role in fundamental researches and industrial applications,is highly required.Group VI TMDs,such as MoS_(2),usually exhibit diverse polymorphs including semiconducting 1H and metallic 1T phases.Even great efforts are devoted to revealing the structure-dependent physicochemical nature of TMDs by modulating their phases from the stable to the metastable at the atomic scale,there are still challenges on the phase-controlled synthesis of Group VI TMDs with metallic or semimetal properties.In this review,methods such as ion intercalation,chemical doping,strain engineering,defect triggering,and electric-field treatment are examined in detail.Finally,challenges and opportunities in this research field are proposed.展开更多
Substrates provide the necessary support for scientific explorations of numerous promising features and exciting potential applications in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). To utilize subst...Substrates provide the necessary support for scientific explorations of numerous promising features and exciting potential applications in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). To utilize substrate engineering to alter the properties of 2D TMDs and avoid introducing unwanted adverse effects, various experimental techniques, such as high-frequency Raman spectroscopy, have been used to understand the interactions between 2D TMDs and substrates. However, sample-substrate interaction in 2D TMDs is not yet fully understood due to the lack of systematic studies by techniques that are sensitive to 2D TMD-substrate interaction. This work systematically investigates the interaction between tungsten disulfide (WS_(2)) monolayers and substrates by low-frequency Raman spectroscopy, which is very sensitive to WS_(2)-substrate interaction. Strong coupling with substrates is clearly revealed in chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown monolayer WS_(2) by its low-wavenumber interface mode. It is demonstrated that the enhanced sample-substrate interaction leads to tensile strain on monolayer WS_(2), which is induced during the cooling process of CVD growth and could be released for monolayer WS_(2) sample after transfer or fabricated by an annealing-free method such as mechanical exfoliation. These results not only suggest the effectiveness of low-frequency Raman spectroscopy for probing sample-substrate interactions in 2D TMDs, but also provide guidance for the design of high-performance devices with the desired sample-substrate coupling strength based on 2D TMDs.展开更多
Transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)materials have recently demonstrated exceptional supercapacitor properties after conversion to a metallic phase,which increases the conductivity of the network.However,freestanding,...Transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)materials have recently demonstrated exceptional supercapacitor properties after conversion to a metallic phase,which increases the conductivity of the network.However,freestanding,exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenide films exhibit surface areas far below their theoretical maximum(1.2%),can fail during electrochemical operation due to poor mechanical properties,and often require pyrophoric chemicals to process.On the other hand,pyrolyzed carbon aerogels exhibit extraordinary specific surface areas for double layer capacitance,high conductivity,and a strong mechanical network of covalent chemical bonds.In this paper,we demonstrate the scalable,rapid nanomanufacturing of TMD(MoS2 and WS2)and carbon aerogel composites,favoring liquid-phase exfoliation to avoid pyrophoric chemicals.The aerogel matrix support enhances conductivity of the composite and the synthesis can complete in 30 min.We find that the addition of transition metal dichalcogenides does not impact the structure of the aerogel,which maintains a high specific surface area up to 620 m^(2) g−1 with peak pore radii of 10 nm.While supercapacitor tests of the aerogels yield capacitances around 80 F g^(−1) at the lowest applied currents,the aerogels loaded with TMD’s exhibit volumetric capacitances up to 127% greater than the unloaded aerogels.In addition,the WS2 aerogels show excellent cycling stability with no capacitance loss over 2000 cycles,as well as markedly better rate capability and lower charge transfer resistance compared to their MoS2-loaded counterparts.We hypothesize that these differences in performance stem from differences in contact resistance and in the favorability of ion adsorption on the chalcogenides.展开更多
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) possess a tunable excitonic light emission that is sensitive to external conditions such as electric field, strain, and chemical doping. In this work, we re...Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) possess a tunable excitonic light emission that is sensitive to external conditions such as electric field, strain, and chemical doping. In this work, we reveal the interactions between DNA nucleobases, i.e., adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) and monolayer WS2 by investigating the changes in the photoluminescence (PL) emissions of the monolayer WS2 after coating with nucleobase solutions. We found that adenine and guanine exert a clear effect on the PL profile of the monolayer WS2 and cause different PL evolution trends. In contrast, cytosine and thymine have little effect on the PL behavior. To obtain information on the interactions between the DNA bases and WS2, a series of measurements were conducted on adenine-coated WS2 monolayers, as a demonstration. The p-type doping of the WS2 monolayers on the introduction of adenine is clearly shown by both the evolution of the PL spectra and the electrical transport response. Our findings open the door for the development of label-free optical sensing approaches in which the detection signals arise from the tunable excitonic emission of the TMD itself rather than the fluorescence signals of label molecules. This dopant-selective optical response to the DNA nucleobases fills the gaps in previously reported optical biosensing methods and indicates a potential new strategy for DNA sequencing.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)tungsten disulfide(WS2)has emerged as a promising ultrathin semiconductor for building high-performance nanoelectronic devices.The controllable synthesis of WS2 monolayers(1L)with both large size an...Two-dimensional(2D)tungsten disulfide(WS2)has emerged as a promising ultrathin semiconductor for building high-performance nanoelectronic devices.The controllable synthesis of WS2 monolayers(1L)with both large size and high quality remains as a challenge.Here,we developed a new approach for the chemical vapor deposition(CVD)growth of WS2 monolayers by using K2WS4 as the growth precursor.The simple chemistry involved in our approach allowed for improved controllability and a fast growth rate of~30μm·min−1.We achieved the reliable growth of 1L WS2 flakes with side lengths of up to~500μm and the obtained WS2 flakes were 2D single crystals with low density of defects over a large area as evidenced by various spectroscopic and microscopic characterizations.In addition,the large 1L WS2 single crystals we obtained showed higher electrical performance than their counterparts grown with previous approaches,demonstrating the potential of our approach in producing high quality and large 2D semiconductors for future nanoelectronics.展开更多
Tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))has been considered as a promising hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)candidate due to its high activity,robust chemical stability,and earth-abundant resources.However,the inert basal planes and...Tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))has been considered as a promising hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)candidate due to its high activity,robust chemical stability,and earth-abundant resources.However,the inert basal planes and low electrical conduc-tivity greatly hinder its development in HER.Increasingly,the density of active sites through the structural designing is one of the most effective strategies to enhance the HER performance.Herein,we report a facile one-step hydrothermal method for synthesizing flower-like WS_(2)nanosheets for highly efficient HER.Besides,the effect of preparation temperature is also been discussed.The optimized WS_(2)nanosheets exhibit the enhanced HER activity in strong acidic solutions with a low Tafel slope and a good stability.The improvement of the HER performance can be attributed to sheet-like nanostructures,which greatly increase the edge sites and defects,resulting in a high density of exposed active sites.Besides,these sheet-like nano-structures also can make the acidic electrolyte easily accessible to the surface of WS_(2)and accelerate the electron transfer rate.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61575084,61705087,61705046,61361166006,61401176,61405075,61475066,61505069)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2015A030313320,S2013050014606,2014A030313377,2014A030310205,2015A030306046,2016A030311019,2016A030313079,2016A030310098)+2 种基金Science and Technology Projects of Guangdong Province(2017A010101013,2012A032300016,2014B010120002,2014B010117002,2015A020213006,2015B010125007,2016B010111003,2016A010101017)Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou(201707010500,201506010046,201607010134,201605030002,201610010026,201604040005)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M612608)
文摘Tungsten disulfide(WS_2), as a representative layered transition metal dichalcogenide(TMDC) material, possesses important potential for applications in highly sensitive sensors. Here, a sensitivity-enhanced surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensor with a metal film modified by an overlayer of WS_2 nanosheets is proposed and demonstrated. The SPR sensitivity is related to the thickness of the WS_2 overlayer, which can be tailored by coating a WS_2 ethanol suspension with different concentrations or by the number of times of repeated post-coating.Benefitting from its large surface area, high refractive index, and unique optoelectronic properties, the WS_2 nanosheet overlayer coated on the gold film significantly improves the sensing sensitivity. The highest sensitivity(up to 2459.3 nm∕RIU) in the experiment is achieved by coating the WS_2 suspension once. Compared to the case without a WS_2 overlayer, this result shows a sensitivity enhancement of 26.6%. The influence of the WS_2 nanosheet overlayer on the sensing performance improvement is analyzed and discussed. Moreover, the proposed WS_2 SPR sensor has a linear correlation coefficient of 99.76% in refractive index range of 1.333 to 1.360. Besides sensitivity enhancement, the WS_2 nanosheet overlayer is able to show additional advantages, such as protection of metal film from oxidation, tunability of the resonance wavelength region, biocompatibility, capability of vapor,and gas sensing.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52122702)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.JQ2021E005)Fundamental Research Foundation for Universities of Heilongjiang Province(No.LGYC2018JQ006).
文摘The basal planes of transition metal dichalcogenides are basically inert for catalysis due to the absence of adsorption and activation sites,which substantially limit their catalytic application.Herein,a facile strategy to activate the basal plane of WS_(2) for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysis by phosphorous-induced electron density modulation is demonstrated.The optimized P doped WS_(2)(P-WS_(2))nanowires arrays deliver a low overpotential of 88 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2)with a Tafel slope of 62 mV·dec^(-1)for HER,which is substantially better than the pristine counterpart.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the surface electron densities of WS_(2) have been availably manipulated by P doping.Moreover,density functional theory(DFT)studies further prove P doping can redistribute the density of states(DOS)around EF,which endow the inert basal plane of PWS_(2) with edge-like catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution catalysis.Our work offers a facile and effective approach to modulate the catalytic surface of WS_(2) toward highly efficient HER catalysis.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51672194 and 51702241)Program for Innovative Teams of Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Researchers in the Higher Education Institutions of Hubei Province(Grant No.T201602)+1 种基金Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(Contract No.2017CFA004)the Special Project of Central Government for Local Science and Technology Development of Hubei Province(Grant No.2019ZYYD076).
文摘Recently,two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides,particularly WS_(2),raised extensive interest due to its extraordi-nary physicochemical properties.With the merits of low costs and prominent properties such as high anisotropy and distinct crystal structure,WS_(2) is regarded as a competent substitute in the construction of next-generation environmentally benign energy storage and conversion devices.In this review,we begin with the fundamental studies of the structure,properties and preparation of WS_(2),followed by detailed discussions on the development of various WS_(2) and WS_(2)-based composites for electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications.In the end,some prospective prospects and promising develop-ments of WS_(2) in these fields are proposed.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholar(Grant No.51722403)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.18JCJQJC46500)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangdong Province(Grant No.U1601216)the National Youth Talent Support Program.
文摘Energy and environmental issues received widespread attentions due to the fast growth of world population and rapid development of social economy.As a transition metal dichalcogenide,tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))nanomaterials make important research progress in the field of energy conversion and storage.In view of the versatile and rich microstructure of these mate-rials,the modification and controllable synthesis of WS_(2) nanomaterials also inspire a research interest.This review mainly focuses on WS_(2)-based nanomaterials in the application of energy conversion and storage as well as discusses some basic characteristics and modification strategies of them.Finally,the research progress of WS_(2)-based nanomaterials is reviewed and some prospects for future research directions are proposed.This review is expected to be beneficial to the future study of WS_(2) nanomaterials used in the field of energy conversion and storage.
基金Felix Carrascoso (ICMM-CSIC) for support with the metal evaporationfunding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement n°755655,ERC-StG 2017 project2D-TOPSENSE)+5 种基金the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain) through the project PID2020-115566RB-I00support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.61704129 and No.62011530438the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi (Program No.2021KW-02)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JB211409)the grant from China Scholarship Council (CSC) under No.201908610178the support from European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the grant agreement 956813 (2Exciting)。
文摘Paper-based devices have attracted extensive attention due to the growing demand for disposable flexible electronics.Herein,we integrate semiconducting devices on cellulose paper substrate through a simple abrasion technique that yields high-performance photodetectors.A solvent-free WS_(2) film deposited on paper favors an effective electron-hole separation and hampers recombination.The as-prepared paper-based WS2 photodetectors exhibit a sensitive photoresponse over a wide spectral range spanning from ultraviolet(365 nm)to near-infrared(940 nm).Their responsivity value reaches up to~270 mA W^(−1) at 35 V under a power density of 35 mW cm^(−2).A high performance photodetector was achieved by controlling the environmental exposure as the ambient oxygen molecules were found to decrease the photoresponse and stability of the WS_(2) photodetector.Furthermore,we have built a spectrometer using such a paperbased WS_(2) device as the photodetecting component to illustrate its potential application.The present work could promote the development of cost-effective disposable photodetection devices.
基金The authors acknowledge the support of Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia,research grant No.451-03-68/2020-14/200325 and 451-03-68/2020-14/200287,as well as COST Action CERTBOND(CA18120)and COST Action CONTEXT(CA17107).
文摘In order to examine the possibility to improve its camouflage properties standard cotton fabric with camouflage print was impregnated with poly(vinyl butyral),PVB and fullerene-like nanoparticles of tungsten disulfide,PVB/IF-WS_(2).FTIR analysis excluded any possible chemical interaction of IF-WS_(2) with PVB and the fabric.The camouflage behavior of the impregnated fabric has been examined firstly in the VIS part of the spectrum.Diffuse reflection,specular gloss and color coordinates were measured for three different shades(black,brown and dark green).Thermal imaging was applied to examine the camouflage abilities of this impregnation in IR part of the spectrum.The obtained results show that PVB/IF-WS_(2) impregnation system induced enhacement of the materials camouflage properties,i.e.that IF-WS_(2) have a positive effect on spectrophotometric characteristics of the fabric.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52122507, 52350411, 52235004, and 52305214)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant Nos. 2023NSFSC1988, 2023YFSY0004)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2682021ZTPY095)the Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System (Grant No. 2023TPLT04)。
文摘The lubrication performance of liquids is severely restricted and is degraded in high-temperature environments. Stable and reliable lubrication in high temperature environments has been a long-standing goal in various industrial fields. In this study,WS_(2)and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene nanoflakes were used as oil-based lubricant additives to generate ultra-low friction and even superlubricity(friction coefficient of ~0.007) at elevated temperatures(400℃), which has hitherto not been achieved by both individual pristine materials, WS_(2)and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene. Viscosity and thermogravimetric characterization revealed improvements in the high-temperature rheological properties and thermal stability of the lubricating base oil, indicating improved loadbearing and continuous lubrication capabilities at elevated temperatures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy demonstrated that the formation of an iron/titanium/tungsten-rich oxide lubricious thin film at the sliding interface reduced the interfacial shear stress, which was responsible for the observed friction and wear reductions at high contact pressures(> 1.1 GPa). Although the titanium/tungsten oxide film was gradually removed after prolonged sliding, a sufficiently thick iron oxide film maintained a low friction coefficient for at least 2 h. The improved surface quality facilitates the achievement of ultra-low friction and reduced wear. The proposed lubrication methodology has a broad utilization potential as a wear-reduction strategy across various industrial fields at elevated temperatures.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21903035,22073037,21773087,12074141,and 12274168)Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Project(Grant Nos.20210509038RQ,20230101059JC).
文摘Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)have become a promising platform in valleytronics due to possessing the regulatable valley degrees of freedom.While,as a result of the rapid intervalley scattering,it is difficult to measure the PL valley polarization of monolayer TMDCs at room temperature,which limits their application in valleytronics devices.Here,we report a room temperature photoluminescence(PL)valley polarization up to 3.73%in an“optical bilayer”WS_(2)formed by transferring monolayer WS_(2)onto flat Ag film.Furthermore,in the transient absorption(TA)measurements,a remarkably long valley depolarization lifetime is found.Thus,we demonstrate the valley properties of such“optical bilayer”WS_(2)resemble actual bilayer WS_(2),in which the robust valley polarization can be attributed to the phonons depletion effect and the blocked interlayer hopping processes.These peculiar valley features in“optical bilayer”WS_(2)provide a particularly simple method to enhance valley control at room temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2325007,62250073,U21A20459,62004026,61774029,62104029,12104086,62150052,U23A20570,and 51902346)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.2021JDTD0028,2023NSFSC1334,24NSFSC5852,and 24NSFSC5853)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2021RC3021)。
文摘Tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))has been reported to show negligible stacking dependence under ambient conditions,impeding its further explorations on physical properties and potential applications.Here,we realize efficient modulation of interlayer coupling in bilayer WS_(2)with 3R and 2H stackings by high pressure,and find that the pressure-triggered interlayer coupling and pressure-induced resonant-to-nonresonant transition exhibit prominent stacking dependence,which are experimentally observed for the first time in WS2.Our work may unleash the stacking degree of freedom in designing WS_(2)devices with tailored properties correlated to interlayer coupling.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.N2025034 and N2025035)Xingliao Project(No.XLYC1807042)the Program of the Ministry of Education of China for Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.B16009)。
文摘The poor crystallinity and unstable crystal structure of tungsten disulfide(WS2)limit its application in practice.In this paper,a molten salt electrolysis method is proposed to intercalate metal ions into the interlayers of layered WS2 to obtain few-layer sheetlike structures.The effect of the molten salt system,applied constant current and electrolysis duration on the exfoliation degree of WS2 bulk has been investigated.The results show that the products electrolyzed in molten LiCl-NaCl-KCl and NaClKCl salts under 25 mA were more transparent and thinner flakes sheets due to the uniform intercalation of Li^+and Na^+with smaller size.The exfoliated WS_(2)was used as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries with a potential of 0.01-2.50 V.In comparison,the WS_(2)-NaCl-25 mA electrode displays a high reversible capacity of 373 mAh·g^(-1)at0.1 A·g^(-1)after cycling for 100 cycles at the same time showing great rate and cycle performance.It also presents a high capacitive ratio of 90.65%at 1.0 mV·s^(-1).The molten salt electrolysis provides a new perspective on the exfoliation of layered material,while demonstrating the great potential of WS2 as an anode material for sodium-ion battery.
文摘An ionic liquid-polyaniline/tungsten disulfide(IL-PANI/WS_(2))composite was synthesized in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate(LB104)aqueous solution by in-situ polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.A current-carrying friction and wear tester was used to study the tribological properties of steel-steel and copper-copper friction pairs lubricated by an IL-PANI/WS_(2) lithium complex grease(LCG).After the experiment,scanning electron microscope was used to observe the surface morphology of the wear scar on the steel and copper plates,and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer was used to analyze the elemental composition of the wear scar surface.The results show that compared with greases containing IL-PANI and WS_(2),greases containing IL-PANI/WS_(2) exhibit better antiwear performance when lubricating steel-steel friction pairs and better tribological performance and electrical conductivity when lubricating copper-copper friction pairs.Therefore,it can be concluded that WS_(2) and IL-PANI have a synergistic effect.
基金We thank Ann F. Marshall and Ai Leen Koh for TEM expertise and support. TEM imaging was performed at the Stanford Nanocharacterization Laboratory. This work was partially supported by the Stanford Precourt Institute of Energy. C. L. C. was supported by the National Science Foundation (Award No. CHE-1137395). R. T. acknowledges the support of the EU-ITN project MoWSeS (317451). He holds the Drake family chair in Nanotechnology and is the director of the Helen and Martin Kimmel Center for Nanoscale Science.
文摘Next-generation catalysts for water splitting are crucial towards a renewable hydrogen economy. MoS2 and WS2 represent earth-abundant, noble metal cathode alternatives with high catalytic activity at edge sites. One challenge in their development is to nanostructure these materials in order to achieve increased performance through the creation of additional edge sites. In this work, we demonstrate a simple route to form nanostructured-WS2 using sonochemical exfoliation to break interlayer and intralayer bonds in WS2 nanotubes. The resulting few-layer nanoflakes are -100 nm wide with a high density of edge sites. WS2 nanoflakes are utilized as cathodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and exhibit superior performance to WS2 nanotubes and bulk particles, with a lower onset potential, shallower Tafel slope and increased current density. Future work may employ ultra-small nanoflakes, dopant atoms, or graphene hybrids to further improve electrocatalytic activity.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2013CB932903), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61205057 and 61203289), China Postdoctoral Science special Foundation (No. 2012T50488), Qing Lan Pro- ject, by the "1311 Talent Plan" Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications.
文摘Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (WS2 and SnS2) have recently joined the family of energy storage materials (for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors) as a result of their favorable ion intercalation. So far, challenges in the synthesis of phase-pure WS2, restacking between WS2 nanosheets, low electronic conductivity, and the brittle nature of WS2, severely limit its use Li-ion battery application. Herein, we develop a facile low temperature solution sulfuration process to improve battery performance dramatically. The sulfuration process is demonstrated to be effective in converting WO3 impurities to WS2, and in repairing the sulfur vacancies, to improve cyclability and rate capability. Lithium-ion battery measurements demonstrate that the stable capacity of the WS2 anode could be enhanced by 48.4% via sulfuration reprocessing, i.e., from 381.7 to 566.8 rnAh/g at a relatively high current density of 0.8 A/g after 50 cycles. We further show that the sulfuration process can be readily extended to other dichalcogenides, and may provide a class of versatile electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries with improved electrochemical characteristics.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant 2018YFA0306900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 51872012).
文摘As the crystal quality and phase structure of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have significant impacts on their properties such as electroconductivity,superconductivity and chemical stability,the precise synthesis,which plays an important role in fundamental researches and industrial applications,is highly required.Group VI TMDs,such as MoS_(2),usually exhibit diverse polymorphs including semiconducting 1H and metallic 1T phases.Even great efforts are devoted to revealing the structure-dependent physicochemical nature of TMDs by modulating their phases from the stable to the metastable at the atomic scale,there are still challenges on the phase-controlled synthesis of Group VI TMDs with metallic or semimetal properties.In this review,methods such as ion intercalation,chemical doping,strain engineering,defect triggering,and electric-field treatment are examined in detail.Finally,challenges and opportunities in this research field are proposed.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62004197 and 61774040)the Ministry of Education of Singapore(No.MOE2019-T2-1-004)+5 种基金the Singapore National Research Foundation under the Competitive Research Programs(No.NRF-CRP-21-2018-0007)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFA0703700)the National Young 1000 Talent Plan of China,the Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.20ZR1403200)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.18JC1410300)the Fudan University-CIOMP Joint Fund(No.FC2018-002)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(Nos.2019-BS-243 and 2019-MS-320).
文摘Substrates provide the necessary support for scientific explorations of numerous promising features and exciting potential applications in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). To utilize substrate engineering to alter the properties of 2D TMDs and avoid introducing unwanted adverse effects, various experimental techniques, such as high-frequency Raman spectroscopy, have been used to understand the interactions between 2D TMDs and substrates. However, sample-substrate interaction in 2D TMDs is not yet fully understood due to the lack of systematic studies by techniques that are sensitive to 2D TMD-substrate interaction. This work systematically investigates the interaction between tungsten disulfide (WS_(2)) monolayers and substrates by low-frequency Raman spectroscopy, which is very sensitive to WS_(2)-substrate interaction. Strong coupling with substrates is clearly revealed in chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown monolayer WS_(2) by its low-wavenumber interface mode. It is demonstrated that the enhanced sample-substrate interaction leads to tensile strain on monolayer WS_(2), which is induced during the cooling process of CVD growth and could be released for monolayer WS_(2) sample after transfer or fabricated by an annealing-free method such as mechanical exfoliation. These results not only suggest the effectiveness of low-frequency Raman spectroscopy for probing sample-substrate interactions in 2D TMDs, but also provide guidance for the design of high-performance devices with the desired sample-substrate coupling strength based on 2D TMDs.
文摘Transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)materials have recently demonstrated exceptional supercapacitor properties after conversion to a metallic phase,which increases the conductivity of the network.However,freestanding,exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenide films exhibit surface areas far below their theoretical maximum(1.2%),can fail during electrochemical operation due to poor mechanical properties,and often require pyrophoric chemicals to process.On the other hand,pyrolyzed carbon aerogels exhibit extraordinary specific surface areas for double layer capacitance,high conductivity,and a strong mechanical network of covalent chemical bonds.In this paper,we demonstrate the scalable,rapid nanomanufacturing of TMD(MoS2 and WS2)and carbon aerogel composites,favoring liquid-phase exfoliation to avoid pyrophoric chemicals.The aerogel matrix support enhances conductivity of the composite and the synthesis can complete in 30 min.We find that the addition of transition metal dichalcogenides does not impact the structure of the aerogel,which maintains a high specific surface area up to 620 m^(2) g−1 with peak pore radii of 10 nm.While supercapacitor tests of the aerogels yield capacitances around 80 F g^(−1) at the lowest applied currents,the aerogels loaded with TMD’s exhibit volumetric capacitances up to 127% greater than the unloaded aerogels.In addition,the WS2 aerogels show excellent cycling stability with no capacitance loss over 2000 cycles,as well as markedly better rate capability and lower charge transfer resistance compared to their MoS2-loaded counterparts.We hypothesize that these differences in performance stem from differences in contact resistance and in the favorability of ion adsorption on the chalcogenides.
基金This work is supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education under MOE Tier 1 RG178/15 and MOE Tier 1 RG100/15. C. X. C. thanks the support by the National Young 1000 Talent Plan of China and the Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No. 16ZR1402500). M. E. appreciates the support by National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), the start-up fund by Nanjing Tech University, and Jiangsu 100 Talent.
文摘Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) possess a tunable excitonic light emission that is sensitive to external conditions such as electric field, strain, and chemical doping. In this work, we reveal the interactions between DNA nucleobases, i.e., adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) and monolayer WS2 by investigating the changes in the photoluminescence (PL) emissions of the monolayer WS2 after coating with nucleobase solutions. We found that adenine and guanine exert a clear effect on the PL profile of the monolayer WS2 and cause different PL evolution trends. In contrast, cytosine and thymine have little effect on the PL behavior. To obtain information on the interactions between the DNA bases and WS2, a series of measurements were conducted on adenine-coated WS2 monolayers, as a demonstration. The p-type doping of the WS2 monolayers on the introduction of adenine is clearly shown by both the evolution of the PL spectra and the electrical transport response. Our findings open the door for the development of label-free optical sensing approaches in which the detection signals arise from the tunable excitonic emission of the TMD itself rather than the fluorescence signals of label molecules. This dopant-selective optical response to the DNA nucleobases fills the gaps in previously reported optical biosensing methods and indicates a potential new strategy for DNA sequencing.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21875127 and 21925504)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)tungsten disulfide(WS2)has emerged as a promising ultrathin semiconductor for building high-performance nanoelectronic devices.The controllable synthesis of WS2 monolayers(1L)with both large size and high quality remains as a challenge.Here,we developed a new approach for the chemical vapor deposition(CVD)growth of WS2 monolayers by using K2WS4 as the growth precursor.The simple chemistry involved in our approach allowed for improved controllability and a fast growth rate of~30μm·min−1.We achieved the reliable growth of 1L WS2 flakes with side lengths of up to~500μm and the obtained WS2 flakes were 2D single crystals with low density of defects over a large area as evidenced by various spectroscopic and microscopic characterizations.In addition,the large 1L WS2 single crystals we obtained showed higher electrical performance than their counterparts grown with previous approaches,demonstrating the potential of our approach in producing high quality and large 2D semiconductors for future nanoelectronics.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 51572301)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0306001 and 2018YFC1901702)+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant 2016JJ3153)the Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University(Grant 502221802)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))has been considered as a promising hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)candidate due to its high activity,robust chemical stability,and earth-abundant resources.However,the inert basal planes and low electrical conduc-tivity greatly hinder its development in HER.Increasingly,the density of active sites through the structural designing is one of the most effective strategies to enhance the HER performance.Herein,we report a facile one-step hydrothermal method for synthesizing flower-like WS_(2)nanosheets for highly efficient HER.Besides,the effect of preparation temperature is also been discussed.The optimized WS_(2)nanosheets exhibit the enhanced HER activity in strong acidic solutions with a low Tafel slope and a good stability.The improvement of the HER performance can be attributed to sheet-like nanostructures,which greatly increase the edge sites and defects,resulting in a high density of exposed active sites.Besides,these sheet-like nano-structures also can make the acidic electrolyte easily accessible to the surface of WS_(2)and accelerate the electron transfer rate.