Invariant expression for tunneling rate under canonical transformations

The original formula to calculate the tunneling rate through event horizons is apparently dependent on the type of coordinates used. In this paper, we propose an invariant expression under canonical transformations to study the tunneling effect. Moreover, the problem of factor 2 is solved naturally. As an application of this expression, we obtain the same tunneling rate both in the Schwarzschild and the Painlev6 coordinates. It is shown that once the suitable formula to calculate tunneling rate is correctly identified, the tunneling method is manifestly covariant.

Fermion tunneling of charged particles from a non-static black hole in de Sitter space

Introducing a new coordinate system and choosing a set of appropriate matrices γ^μ, this paper attempts to investigate the fermion tunneling of charged particles across the event horizon from the Vaidya-Bonner de Sitter black hole. The result shows that the tunneling rate of the non-static black hole is related not only to the change of Bekenstein- Hawking entropy but also to the integral of the changing horizon, which violates unitary theory and is different from the stationary case.

Quantum tunnelling radiation of Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion black hole

By taking the energy conservation and angular momentum conservation into account, the characteristics of the quantum-tunnelling radiation of Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion black hole are studied and the result shows that the tunnelling rate of such a black hole is relevant to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and that the obtained radiation spectrum is not pure thermal.

The Hawking radiation of the charged particle via tunnelling from the axisymmetric Sen black hole

Extending Parikh＇s semi-classical quantum tunnelling model, this paper has studied the Hawking radiation of the charged particle via tunnelling from the horizon of the axisymmetric Sen black hole. Different from the uncharged massless particle, the geodesics of the charged massive particle tunnelling from the horizon is not light-like. The derived result supports Parikh＇s opinion and provides a correct modification to Hawking strictly thermal spectrum developed by the fixed background space-time and not considering the energy conservation and the self-gravitation interaction.

The quantum tunnelling radiation of Schwarzschild de Sitter black hole with a global monopole

Applying Parikh＇s quantum tunnelling method, this paper has studied the quantum tunnelling radiation of Schwarzschild de Sitter black hole with a global monopole. The result shows that the tunnelling rates at the event horizon and the cosmological horizon are related to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the derived radiation spectrum is not precisely thermal when considering energy conservation and self-gravitation interaction.

Hawking radiation as tunnelling from arbitrarily dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter black hole

This paper extends Parikh-Wilzcek＇s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as a semi-classical tunnelling process from the event horizon of four dimensional Schwarzshild and Reissner-Nordstrom black holes, to that of arbitrarily dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter black hole. The result shows that the tunnelling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the factually radiant spectrum is no longer precisely thermal after taking the dynamical black hole background and energy conservation into account, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory and then satisfies the first law of the black hole thermodynamics. Meanwhile, in Parikh-Wilzcek＇s framework, this paper points out that the information conservation is only suitable for the reversible process but in highly unstable evaporating black hole （irreversible process） the information loss is possible.

Realtime prediction of hard rock TBM advance rate using temporal convolutional network(TCN)with tunnel construction big data

Real-time dynamic adjustment of the tunnel bore machine(TBM)advance rate according to the rockmachine interaction parameters is of great significance to the adaptability of TBM and its efficiency in construction.This paper proposes a real-time predictive model of TBM advance rate using the temporal convolutional network(TCN),based on TBM construction big data.The prediction model was built using an experimental database,containing 235 data sets,established from the construction data from the Jilin Water-Diversion Tunnel Project in China.The TBM operating parameters,including total thrust,cutterhead rotation,cutterhead torque and penetration rate,are selected as the input parameters of the model.The TCN model is found outperforming the recurrent neural network(RNN)and long short-term memory(LSTM)model in predicting the TBM advance rate with much smaller values of mean absolute percentage error than the latter two.The penetration rate and cutterhead torque of the current moment have significant influence on the TBM advance rate of the next moment.On the contrary,the influence of the cutterhead rotation and total thrust is moderate.The work provides a new concept of real-time prediction of the TBM performance for highly efficient tunnel construction.