The supernumerary spikelets（SS）characters of tetraploid wheat（Triticum turgidum L.）resulting in more spikelets and kernels per spike,thus enhancing sink capacity may contribute to potential wheat yield improvement...The supernumerary spikelets（SS）characters of tetraploid wheat（Triticum turgidum L.）resulting in more spikelets and kernels per spike,thus enhancing sink capacity may contribute to potential wheat yield improvement.In order to investigate the effect of different SS types on agronomic characters and understand the genetic base of SS phenotype in tetraploid wheat,near isogenic lines（NILs）,bh-50 with normal spikelets（NS）,bh-51 with four-rowed spikelets（FRS）,bh-52 with short-ramified spikelets（SRS）,and bh-53 with long-ramified spikelets（LRS）in a Triticum durum cv.ZY1286 genetic background were developed by continuous backcrossing.Agronomic characters showed that the SS phenotype lines,bh-51,bh-52and bh-53 have significant increase in the number of spikelets and grains per spike compared with the NS phenotype line bh-50（P〈0.05）,and bh-53 line showed much more increase than those of bh-51 and bh-52.However,bh-53 had the lowest grain weight and the longest spike development stage than those of other spike phenotypes.These results indicated that the different SS types have different effects on the agronomic and spike characters.Genetic analysis through bh-50/bh-51and bh-51/bh-53 F2 populations showed that a recessive major gene controlled the spike architecture to transform from NS to FRS,and a dominant major gene determined the change of spike phenotype from FRS to RS.DNA sequences of Tt BH/WFZP ortholog on chromosome 2AS revealed that a single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）substitution happened in the open reading frame（ORF）region of all the SS tetraploid wheat accessions,which may lead to the generation of lateral meristems between glume and lemma during the immature spike development.While the fates of the lateral meristems,developing into lateral spikelets or branched spikelets,may be determined by another major gene.Our results presented here may advance our understanding and knowledge of the genes and genetic pathways determining the spike architecture development in wheat.展开更多
Many species of Triticeae display a glaucous phenotype. In wheat, glaucousness/waxiness on spikes, leaves and shoots is controlled by wax production genes(W loci) and epistatic inhibitors(Iw loci). In this study, a su...Many species of Triticeae display a glaucous phenotype. In wheat, glaucousness/waxiness on spikes, leaves and shoots is controlled by wax production genes(W loci) and epistatic inhibitors(Iw loci). In this study, a suppressor of glaucousness from wild emmer wheat(Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) accession "PI 481521" was investigated in a pair of durum(T. turgidum ssp. durum cv. "Langdon", LDN)—wild emmer wheat chromosome substitution lines, LDN and "LDNDIC521-2B". Genetic analysis revealed that the non-glaucous phenotype of LDNDIC521-2Bwas controlled by the dominant glaucous suppressor Iw1 on the short arm of chromosome 2B. In total, 371 2B-specific marker differences were identified between LDN and LDNDIC521-2B. The location of the Iw1 gene was mapped using an F2 population that stemmed from LDN and LDNDIC521-2B, generating a partial linkage map that included 19 simple sequence repeats(SSR) and ten gene-based markers. On the current map, the Iw1 gene was located within the Xgwm614–BE498111 interval, and cosegregated with BQ788707,CD893659, CD927782, CD938589, and Xbarc35. Mapping of Iw1 in LDNDIC521-2B, a publically accessible and widely distributed line, will provide valuable information for marker-assisted selection of the agronomically important trait of glaucousness.展开更多
Elucidating the relationships between gene expression and the physiological mechanisms remains a bottleneck in breeding for resistance to salinity and drought. This study related the expression of key target genes wit...Elucidating the relationships between gene expression and the physiological mechanisms remains a bottleneck in breeding for resistance to salinity and drought. This study related the expression of key target genes with the physiological performance of durum wheat under different combinations of salinity and irrigation. The candidate genes assayed included two encoding for the DREB（dehydration responsive element binding） transcription factors Ta DREB1 A and Ta DREB2 B, another two for the cytosolic and plastidic glutamine synthetase（Ta GS1 and Ta GS2）, and one for the specific Na^＋/H^＋ vacuolar antiporter（Ta NHX1）. Expression of these genes was related to growth and different trait indicators of nitrogen metabolism（nitrogen content, stable nitrogen isotope composition, and glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase activities）, photosynthetic carbon metabolism（stable carbon isotope composition and different gas exchange traits） and ion accumulation. Significant interaction between genotype and growing conditions occurred for growth, nitrogen content, and the expression of most genes.In general terms, higher expression of Ta GS1, Ta GS2,Ta DREB2 B, and to a lesser extent of Ta NHX1 were associated with a better genotypic performance in growth, nitrogen, and carbon photosynthetic metabolism under salinity and water stress. However, Ta DREB1 A was increased in expression under stress compared with control conditions, with tolerant genotypes exhibiting lower expression than susceptible ones.展开更多
基金supported by the State Transgenic Project, China (2014ZX08009-40B)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (KYZ201303)
文摘The supernumerary spikelets（SS）characters of tetraploid wheat（Triticum turgidum L.）resulting in more spikelets and kernels per spike,thus enhancing sink capacity may contribute to potential wheat yield improvement.In order to investigate the effect of different SS types on agronomic characters and understand the genetic base of SS phenotype in tetraploid wheat,near isogenic lines（NILs）,bh-50 with normal spikelets（NS）,bh-51 with four-rowed spikelets（FRS）,bh-52 with short-ramified spikelets（SRS）,and bh-53 with long-ramified spikelets（LRS）in a Triticum durum cv.ZY1286 genetic background were developed by continuous backcrossing.Agronomic characters showed that the SS phenotype lines,bh-51,bh-52and bh-53 have significant increase in the number of spikelets and grains per spike compared with the NS phenotype line bh-50（P〈0.05）,and bh-53 line showed much more increase than those of bh-51 and bh-52.However,bh-53 had the lowest grain weight and the longest spike development stage than those of other spike phenotypes.These results indicated that the different SS types have different effects on the agronomic and spike characters.Genetic analysis through bh-50/bh-51and bh-51/bh-53 F2 populations showed that a recessive major gene controlled the spike architecture to transform from NS to FRS,and a dominant major gene determined the change of spike phenotype from FRS to RS.DNA sequences of Tt BH/WFZP ortholog on chromosome 2AS revealed that a single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）substitution happened in the open reading frame（ORF）region of all the SS tetraploid wheat accessions,which may lead to the generation of lateral meristems between glume and lemma during the immature spike development.While the fates of the lateral meristems,developing into lateral spikelets or branched spikelets,may be determined by another major gene.Our results presented here may advance our understanding and knowledge of the genes and genetic pathways determining the spike architecture development in wheat.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (JQ201107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31110103917)the Cooperative Innovation Center of Efficient Production with High Annual Yield of Wheat and Corn, Shandong Province, China
文摘Many species of Triticeae display a glaucous phenotype. In wheat, glaucousness/waxiness on spikes, leaves and shoots is controlled by wax production genes(W loci) and epistatic inhibitors(Iw loci). In this study, a suppressor of glaucousness from wild emmer wheat(Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) accession "PI 481521" was investigated in a pair of durum(T. turgidum ssp. durum cv. "Langdon", LDN)—wild emmer wheat chromosome substitution lines, LDN and "LDNDIC521-2B". Genetic analysis revealed that the non-glaucous phenotype of LDNDIC521-2Bwas controlled by the dominant glaucous suppressor Iw1 on the short arm of chromosome 2B. In total, 371 2B-specific marker differences were identified between LDN and LDNDIC521-2B. The location of the Iw1 gene was mapped using an F2 population that stemmed from LDN and LDNDIC521-2B, generating a partial linkage map that included 19 simple sequence repeats(SSR) and ten gene-based markers. On the current map, the Iw1 gene was located within the Xgwm614–BE498111 interval, and cosegregated with BQ788707,CD893659, CD927782, CD938589, and Xbarc35. Mapping of Iw1 in LDNDIC521-2B, a publically accessible and widely distributed line, will provide valuable information for marker-assisted selection of the agronomically important trait of glaucousness.
基金the Spanish AGL2013-44147-RJunta de Andalucía-FEDER-FSE(P07-CVI-3026,P10-CVI-6368,and BIO-163)projects
文摘Elucidating the relationships between gene expression and the physiological mechanisms remains a bottleneck in breeding for resistance to salinity and drought. This study related the expression of key target genes with the physiological performance of durum wheat under different combinations of salinity and irrigation. The candidate genes assayed included two encoding for the DREB（dehydration responsive element binding） transcription factors Ta DREB1 A and Ta DREB2 B, another two for the cytosolic and plastidic glutamine synthetase（Ta GS1 and Ta GS2）, and one for the specific Na^＋/H^＋ vacuolar antiporter（Ta NHX1）. Expression of these genes was related to growth and different trait indicators of nitrogen metabolism（nitrogen content, stable nitrogen isotope composition, and glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase activities）, photosynthetic carbon metabolism（stable carbon isotope composition and different gas exchange traits） and ion accumulation. Significant interaction between genotype and growing conditions occurred for growth, nitrogen content, and the expression of most genes.In general terms, higher expression of Ta GS1, Ta GS2,Ta DREB2 B, and to a lesser extent of Ta NHX1 were associated with a better genotypic performance in growth, nitrogen, and carbon photosynthetic metabolism under salinity and water stress. However, Ta DREB1 A was increased in expression under stress compared with control conditions, with tolerant genotypes exhibiting lower expression than susceptible ones.
