Intelligent Tutoring System of Linear Programming

There is a growing technological development in intelligent teaching systems. This field has become interesting to many researchers. In this paper, we present an intelligent tutoring system for teaching mathematics that helps students understand the basics of linear programming using Linear Program Solver and Service for Solving Linear Programming Problems, through which students will be able to solve economic problems. It comes down to determining the minimum or maximum value of a linear function, which is called the objective function, according to pre-set limiting conditions expressed by linear equations and inequalities. The goal function and the limiting conditions represent a mathematical model of the observed problem. Working as a professor of mathematics in high school, I felt the need for one such work and dealing with the study of linear programming as an integral part of mathematics. There are a number of papers in this regard, but exclusively related to traditional ways of working, as stated in the introductory part of the paper. The center of work as well as the final part deals with the study of linear programming using programs that deal with this topic.

A Fuzzy Expert System Architecture for Intelligent Tutoring Systems:A Cognitive Mapping Approach

An Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is a computer based instruction tool that attempts to provide individualized instructions based on learner’s educational status. Advances in development of these systems have rose and fell since their emergence. Perhaps the main reason for this is the absence of appropriate framework for ITS development. This paper proposes a framework for designing two main parts of ITSs. Besides development framework, the second main reason for lack of significant advances in ITS development is its development cost. In general, this cost for instructional material is quite high and it becomes more in ITS development. The proposed method can significantly reduce the development cost. The cost reduction mainly is because of characteristics of applied mapping techniques. These maps are human readable and easily understandable by people who are not aware of knowledge representation techniques. The proposed framework is implemented for a graduate course at a technical university in Asia. This experiment provides an individualized instruction which is the main designing purpose of the ITSs.

A Study on Human-Computer Interaction Mechanism in an Intelligent Tutoring System

Discussion is a common and important learning process.Involvement of a virtual agent can provide adaptive support for the discussion process.Argumen-tative knowledge construction is beneficial to learners’acquisition of knowledge,but the effectiveness of argumentative scaffolding in existing studies is not consistent.Based on an intelligent discussion system,a total of 47 undergraduate students took part in the experiment and they were assigned to three different conditions:content-related plus content-independent scaffolding condition,content-related scaffolding condition,and the control condition.Under the content-related and content-independent scaffolding condition,the computer agent provided an idea from semantically different categories(content-related scaffolding)according to the automatic categorization of the current contributions,and further inquired the participants about their attitudes and reasons(content-independent scaffolding).Under the condition of content-related scaffolding condition,the virtual agent only provided semantically different viewpoints.Under the control condition,the subjects expressed their opinion independently without the participation of the virtual agent.Findings revealed that compared with the control group,when the virtual agent provided semantically different ideas(content-related scaffolding),the discussion breadth(number of categories)was improved and the subjects felt that they had a more comprehensive understanding of the problem.Compared with the content-related scaffolding condition,when the virtual agent provided semantically different ideas and further asked about the attitudes and reasons,the subjects expressed more agreement with these views,but mentioned fewer categories during the discussion.This study suggests that the content-related scaffolding can facilitate the cognitive processing effect relevant to the topic of discussion.When the content independent scaffolding is added,it can promote the argumentative processing,but may have a negative effect on the cognitive processing related to the topic discussed.

From Big Data to Intelligent Tutoring: Exploring the Application of Big Data Technology in the Ideological and Political Education for College Counselors

This paper explores the application of big data technology in ideological and political education for college counselors.Big data-driven personalized counseling for students,social network analysis,and public opinion monitoring can optimize the efficiency of counselor work.However,there are still challenges concerning data privacy protection,technical support,and training.By scientifically evaluating and addressing these challenges,big data technology is expected to enhance the effectiveness of college counselors and improve the quality of ideological and political education.In the future,with technological advancements,big data technology will become an essential tool for higher education management.

The Investigation into Problems of College Students’ Individual Tutoring on the Subject of English

More and more college students start their social practice by tutoring children. However, quite a few do not have a clear conception about individual tutoring at the beginning of their practice, and not everyone involved in individual tutoring can end up with fruitful results. In this paper, the author did a research to find out the problems and the efficient ways to carry on this social practice in the hope that college students can finish their practice efficiently and thus form their career goal gradually.

Variegated Roles of and Relationships Between Private Tutoring and Schooling: Insights From the State of Maharashtra, India

Purpose:The relationship between private tutoring(PT)and mainstream education is among the complex themes characterizing PT discourses in the literature.This study examined the complications of practices and processes in tutoring and schooling to elucidate different roles played by PT and its relationship with mainstream education.Design/Approach/Methods:This study used qualitative data from a diverse set of 37 PT providers from the State of Maharashtra,India,to delineate their roles and explore their relationship with schooling in this context.Findings:The classification of PT providers roles into complementary,accommodating,competing,and substitutive ones demonstrated a diverse range of relationships between PT and mainstream education.Further analysis showed that these relationships are dynamic in nature,and the boundaries between them are blurred.Originality/Value:Research in the field of PT has been consistently pointing toward a perplexing mixture of positive and negative outcomes resulting from its relationship with mainstream education.This study transcended the positive vis-a-vis negative binary approach by contributing to the deeper understanding of PT relationships.Furthermore,it exemplified how future studies can disentangle the complexities of such relationships by deploying flexible,context-specific theoretical approaches.

Complexity of the Contexts:Features of Private Tutoring and Units for Comparison in the GCC Countries of the Middle East

Purpose:Private supplementary tutoringwidely known as shadow education because of the ways in which it mimics regular schooling-is increasingly visible across the globe.The Middle East is no exception,though the phenomenon has received relatively little attention in the English-language literature.This article maps some key features of shadow education,identifying ways in which contextual forces have shaped it.Design/Approach/Methods:The article focuses on patterns across and within the six members of the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC),namely Bahrain,Kuwait,Oman,Qatar,Saudi Arabia,and the United Arab Emirates.It draws on literature in both Arabic and English and shows the value of multipleunits of comparison.Findings:Private tutoring has a long history as a significant phenomenon in some GCC countries,but in others developed more recently.Some governments have had active policies to dampen the phenomenon,but with little success.Factors in the complex dynamics include social,economic andcultural forces.OriginalityValue:The article assembles literature from around the region,noting both commonalities and diversities among GCC members.It contributes to the global literature by providing the regional mapping from this specific part of the world and by showing comparisons with other world regions.

Researching Forms of Shadow Education:Methodological Challenges and Complexities of Private Supplementary Tutoring in Myanmar

Purpose:The growing literature on private supplementary tutoring,widely known as shadow education,addresses multiple dimensions and roles.However,many studies inadequately capture the diversity and implications of different forms of tutoring.This paper examines these matters in Myanmar,highlighting complexities and ambiguities in descriptors and in the nature of provision.Design/Approach/Methods:Using a mixed-methods design,this study was conducted in Mandalay Region and Chin State.The data were obtained from interviews with I10 Grade II students,34 high school teachers,30 parents,29 private tutoring providers,and two private school owners.Findings:The article categorizes tutoring forms based on their styles and orientations,particularly lecture-type teaching and homework supervision by guides,class sizes,durations of fee-charging(e.g,annually),the number of subjects taught per tutor,and tutoring locations.The study brings the topic out of the shadows for clearer analysis of the phenomenon and thus for assessment of its implications.OriginalityNalue:The study makes a methodological contribution to the wider picture by demonstrating the need for greater clarity and precision in the national and international comparative literatures.It also underscores shortcomings of predetermined categories in questionnaires and the value of qualitative interviews.

The Cause of Institutionalized Private Tutoring in Korea:Defective Public Schooling or a Universal Desire for Family Reproduction?

Purpose:In Korea,private tutoring is considered a social evil that damages the capacity of public schooling and undermines social justice.Although the government has implemented various policies to reduce private tutoring,ranging from improving the quality of education to providing"quasi-private tutoring"programs and regulating the shadow education market,total spending on private tutoring has continued to increase.This study examines a little noticed but important cause of institutionalized private tutoring in Korea.Design/Approach/Methods:The study employed a socio-ecological perspective to analyze both education and socio-structural factors.An extensive review of the government's private tutoring reduction policies and related literature was conducted.Findings:Private tutoring functions as a means by which parents can help their children compete for admission to prestigious universities and pass on wealth and social status to their children.Participation in private tutoring has become a social norm that is taken for granted.The root causes of institutionalized private tutoring lie in both educational and socio-structural factors.Originality/Nalue:The study suggests that government policies,when ignoring the long-established"grammar"of parents about children's education,may either end in failure or produce unintended consequences.

Research on Practice Problems and Strategies for Professional Master's Degree Candidates for Agriculture

Taking the practice status of professional master’s degree candidates for agriculture in Anhui Agricultural University as an example,this paper analyzes the key factors affecting the practical training of graduate students in this major,and puts forward some strategies for improving the practice quality of professional master’s degree candidates.In terms of training professional master’s degree candidates,it is considered that agricultural colleges and universities should start with collaborative education,supervision and assessment mechanism,practice content and form,make full use of a large number of agricultural enterprise resources owned by colleges and universities and a good cooperation foundation in enterprises,so as to achieve the purpose of improving the practice quality of professional master’s degree candidates.

Level of Implementation of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Children Aged between 3 to 59 Months in Koza, Far North Region of Cameroon

Background: Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) is a strategy put in place by World Health Organisation (WHO) to fight against malaria in zones of high seasonal malaria transmission since the year 2012. This strategy has been implemented in the Far North and North regions of Cameroon since the year 2016. Despite the implementation of this program the number of cases and deaths from seasonal malaria among the under 5 seems to be rising in Koza health area. Objective: To determine the level of implementation of the SMC Program and its impact on the mortality of children aged 03 to 59 months during the season of high transmission. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional and 7-years retrospective study. Data was surveyed for 3 months in 3 health areas of Koza health area. Data were collected and typed in Kobo collect, cleaned in MS Excel and analyzed in SPSS version 25 to come out with descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 172 households, female children were mostly represented 99 (57%) The age group mostly represented was 2 years. The population knowledge on SMC’s overall score was above average. The overall coverage rate (4 cycles) was 84% from interviewed parents and 67.5% from SMC cards. More than 23% of children experienced at least one side effect with the most common being vomiting (72%). The population’s overall impression of the program was good at 85%. The trends SMC coverage showed a sinusoidal fluctuation from 2015 to 2021, 2016 to 2019 and 2020 to 2021. Conclusion: The coverage rate of SMC was high thus the program is well implemented.

以案例引导式教学在内经课程中的实践

在内经课程运用案例引导式的教学方法,可以培养学生将《内经》理论运用于现代临床的思维。从教学方法设计,教学实践过程,结果评价及讨论等方面分析在中医经典课程中引入案例引导式教学模式的优越性和可行性,结合《素问.痿论》、《素问.刺腰痛》等篇相关理论,从生活环境、习惯、人文、社会等方面思考腰痛伴下肢痿废的辨证施治以及西医骨科、结核病科对该病证的认识。培养学生获取和评价信息的能力,团队协作能力。

对PBL教学模式中“Tutor”所起作用的体会

PBL教学模式是国内目前关于学习模式问题研究的热点之一。本文结合参与《中医内科学》PBL教学中担任Tutor的体会,对PBL的概念和意义进行了阐述,并根据临床教学的实践经验,总结出PBL教学模式需要教师实现从"教会"到"会教"的转变、学生实现由"学会"到"会学"的转变,为探讨PBL教学模式下如何成为一名优秀Tutor的问题上提供了新视角。。

网络环境下英语协作学习中教师角色构建及话语策略研究

近年来基于网络的协作学习在外语教学中得到广泛应用,而教师在线辅导是协作学习成功的一个极其重要的因素。本文首先分析了基于网络协作学习中在线辅导教师(e-tutor)的主要角色,指出了e-tutor的身份和角色主要是通过话语来建构的,其有效的话语策略在支持和促进小组协作学习中起着重要的作用,然后以具体网络课程的实施为案例,利用话语分析法详细地分析和讨论了e-tutor的话语策略和及其构建的不同角色。

基于网络的英语协作学习中e-tutor角色调查研究

教师的在线辅导是基于网络的协作学习成功因素之一。新的学习环境和学习模式对e-tutor的角色提出新的挑战和要求。本文以笔者在网络环境下一门英语课程的协作学习为例,利用调查问卷和访谈的研究方法,了解学生对e-tutor的认识和理解,对e-tutor在该课程中表现的满意情况以及对e-tutor的期望。调查结果体现了学生对e-tutor角色多重性的要求,学生既希望e-tutor能以小组成员的身份参与讨论,又能针对小组学习中出现的问题给予及时的指导、帮助和评价。

基于问题学习的教学法中Tutor的角色分析

Tutor作为基于问题学习(PBL)教学模式的推行者和教学任务承担者,面临诸多挑战。对Tutor在PBL教学法中多种角色进行分析,倡导Tutor加强自我学习,及时转变角色,适应新的教学模式。

CSCL中e-Tutor的素养研究

随着科技的进步与发展,网络教学成为一种新兴的教学模式,网络教学中e-Tutor的研究已经被越来越多的人们所关注。计算机支持的协作学习(CSCL)是当前教育技术学领域研究的热点问题之一,它在网络学习中得到了广泛的运用,那么CSCL中e-Tutor的素养问题自然也成为了人们关注的焦点。因此本文对CSCL中e-Tutor的素养的概念的内涵、e-Tutor的素养的研究方向以及e-Tutor的素养的四个维度进行了具体的分析和阐述,力求对e-Tutor的培养和实际作用的发挥提供指导。

Tutor培训对医学院教师成长发展的促进作用

研讨型教学已成为我国医学院医学教学改革的主要内容。东南大学医学院自2011年起在本科教育中逐步开展研讨型教学改革,包括PBL、CBL和RBL,并建立了完整的Tutor培训与评估体系,为医学教学改革提供了有力保障。学院在Tutor培训与评估体系的建立及教师的发展成长方面积累了一定经验,本文就此作一初步探讨,以期为我国的医学教师发展提供借鉴。

I-Quiz:An Intelligent Assessment Tool for Non-Verbal Behaviour Detection

Electronic learning(e-learning)has become one of the widely used modes of pedagogy in higher education today due to the convenience and flexibility offered in comparison to traditional learning activities.Advancements in Information and Communication Technology have eased learner connectivity online and enabled access to an extensive range of learning materials on the World Wide Web.Post covid-19 pandemic,online learning has become the most essential and inevitable medium of learning in primary,secondary and higher education.In recent times,Massive Open Online Courses(MOOCs)have transformed the current education strategy by offering a technology-rich and flexible form of online learning.A key component to assess the learner’s progress and effectiveness of online teaching is the Multiple Choice Question(MCQ)assessment in most of the MOOC courses.Uncertainty exists on the reliability and validity of the assessment component as it raises a qualm whether the real knowledge acquisition level reflects upon the assessment score.This is due to the possibility of random and smart guesses,learners can attempt,as MCQ assessments are more vulnerable than essay type assessments.This paper presents the architecture,development,evaluation of the I-Quiz system,an intelligent assessment tool,which captures and analyses both the implicit and explicit non-verbal behaviour of learner and provides insights about the learner’s real knowledge acquisition level.The I-Quiz system uses an innovative way to analyse the learner non-verbal behaviour and trains the agent using machine learning techniques.The intelligent agent in the system evaluates and predicts the real knowledge acquisition level of learners.A total of 500 undergraduate engineering students were asked to attend an on-Screen MCQ assessment test using the I-Quiz system comprising 20 multiple choice questions related to advanced C programming.The non-verbal behaviour of the learner is recorded using a front-facing camera during the entire assessment period.The resultant dataset of non-verbal behaviour and question-answer scores is used to train the random forest classifier model to predict the real knowledge acquisition level of the learner.The trained model after hyperparameter tuning and cross validation achieved a normalized prediction accuracy of 85.68%.

如何充分发挥教师在PBL教学中的作用

PBL教学（Problem based learning）是学生为主体的自主学习方式，目前已被广泛应用于医学基础课程教育中。在PBL教学中，教师可通过加强课前备课、课堂讨论和课后分享环节的工作，引导PBL教学活动顺利进行，激发学生学习兴趣，提升医学人才的培养质量。