Research on the Translation of Chinese Twenty-Four Solar Terms: A Skopos Theory Perspective

In the current era of rapid development, excellent culture needs to be inherited and spread to the world. Therefore, it is essential to consider the translation of the 24 solar terms. China persists in the principle of the Belt and Road Initiative, adheres to the guidance of Chinese traditional excellent culture goes global, and enhances the influence of Chinese culture on the words, the culture of the words communicating and developing constantly. This paper analyzes and compares translations of different versions, explores the necessity of translation strategies for translation, then summaries the translation strategy, ultimately figures out the development space, ted texts and promote the exchange of Chinese and foreign cultures.

Influence of Lunar Activities on the Twenty-four Solar Terms

Twenty four solar terms is a knowledge system formed by the ancients through long-term observation of the annual activities of the sun.Although it roughly reveals the changing rules of seasons,climate and phenology in a year,and reflects the influence of the sun on the earth’s climate change on a large scale,because the ancients ignored the influence of the moon’s activities on the earth’s climate change on a small scale,the 24 solar terms they summarized often can not accurately predict the earth's climate change.In order to make the 24 solar terms reflect not only the influence of the sun on the earth's climate change on a large scale,but also the influence of the moon's activities on the earth's climate change on a small scale,we must refer to the key time nodes of the moon's activities to divide the 24 solar terms.That is to say,the first day(the seventh or twenty second day of the lunar calendar)after the“Greater Cold”of the old year should be set as the“Beginning of Spring”of the new year,and then the day after half a month should be the next solar term,which is the first day of the moon’s next visit to the Antarctic or the Arctic,and so on.In this way,the 24 solar terms are consistent with the key nodes of lunar activities,and can accurately predict the changes of the earth's climate.

The Origin and Significance of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms in China

The "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is an integrated knowledge system and functional social practice initiated and developed by ancient Chinese. Appling to their daily lives and agricultural production, based on records of the periodic motions of the sun, this knowledge system echoes seasonal and climate changes, phenological variation and reflects the features of ancient agricultural activities. As a comprehensive demonstration of their lives and production, it is a phenomenal achievement thanks to the ancient Chinese people's experience and wisdom. The "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is also a cultural phenomenon unique to China, geographic location, the Yellow River Basin being at a mid-latitude zone with distinctive seasonal climate changes; its long-existing agrarian tradition, advanced agricultural philosophy and a harmonious lifestyle. In the meantime, while China's superior knowledge on astronomy made its formation technically possible, the "agriculture first" governmental policy and the "prefectures and counties" administrative system, introduced by governors from Qin and Han Dynasties, cultivated its formation institutionally. Besides, the "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is the outcome of the harmonious civilization progress and traditional Chinese culture, which is different from Western Europe's aggressive and predatory industrial expansion. The "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is still of great cultural and practical significance in China even today. It highlights the "unity of mankind and nature" philosophy and serves as another signature symbol of the Chinese culture. While China is more and more engaging in international affairs, the "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" facilitates the rest of the world to understand China from another angle.

The Twenty-Four Solar Terms and the Culture of Ritual and Music

This book combs through the Combination of the 24 Dynastic Histories and the New History of Yuan Dynasty and local chronicles of various regions and tells the origin of one of the intangible cultural heritages,the Twenty-Four Solar Terms,and its uncommon story with traditional Chinese ritual-music culture.

Climatic changes in the Twenty-four Solar Terms during 1960-2008

The temperature thresholds and timings of the 24 climatic Solar Terms in China are determined from a homogenized dataset of the surface air temperature recorded at 549 meteorological stations for the period 1960-2008 employing the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method.Changes in the mean temperature and timing of the climatic solar terms are illustrated.The results show that in terms of the mean situation over China,the number of cold days such as those of Slight Cold and Great Cold has decreased,especially by 56.8% for Great Cold in the last 10 years(1998-2007) compared with in the 1960s.The number of hot days like those of Great Heat has increased by 81.4% in the last 10 years compared with in the 1960s.The timings of the climatic Solar Terms during the warming period(around spring) in the seasonal cycle have advanced significantly by more than 6 d,especially by 15 d for Rain Water,while those during the cooling period(around autumn) have delayed significantly by 5-6 d.These characteristics are mainly due to a warming shift of the whole seasonal cycle under global warming.However,the warming shift affects the different Solar Terms to various extents,more prominently in the spring than in the autumn.The warming tendencies for Rain Water,the Beginning of Spring,and the Waking of Insects are the largest,2.43?C,2.37?C,and 2.21?C,respectively,for the period 1961-2007 in China as a whole.Four particular phenology-related climatic Solar Terms,namely the Waking of Insects,Pure Brightness,Grain Full,and Grain in Ear,are found to have advanced almost everywhere.In semi-arid zones in northern China,advances of the timings of these four climatic Solar Terms are significant,12-16,4-8,4-8,and 8-12 d,respectively,for the period 1961-2007.These quantitative results provide a scientific base for climate change adaptation,especially in terms of agricultural planning and energy-saving management throughout a year.

Cultural Structure of Solar Terms and Traditional Festivals

Solar terms and festivals differ from and relate to each other in terms of application scope and cultural structure.The cultural association and application of the 24 Solar Terms are studied in the areas including philosophy,farming and society,and are exhibited in the natural convergence of views on space and time,life and customs,as well as the facilitation of agricultural practice.The connotations of traditional Chinese festivals concern basic areas such as beliefs,rites,language,symbols,diets and art,which are exhibited in the co-existent "festival tokens," "festival events," "festival messages," "festival symbols," "festival food" and "festival art forms." Festivals feature fixed and periodic occurrence and multi-channel cultural inheritance.

Life Nurturing in the Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms(二十四节气)

China’s“24 Solar Terms”,known as the fifth invention after China’s hour Major Inventions,is a knowledge system and social practice formed through observations of the sun’s annual motion,and cognition of the year’s changes in season,climate and phenology.More and more people in the world have been eager to know more about it since UNESCO inscribed Chinas“24 Solar Terms”on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016.As a way of nurturing life,the Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms includes twenty-four exercise forms,corresponding to the 24 solar terms respectively,which reflects the significant idea of complying with the law of yin-yang changes in the universe.It presents a series of sitting and standing exercises designed to prevent diseases that occur during seasonal changes throughout the year.The ancient Chinese wisdom of time and life nurturing has been witnessed in China’s“24 Solar Terms”and“Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms”This article aims to arouse readers’concern and interest in life nurturing by introducing how to do all the exercises presented by the Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms,which is helpful to the prevention and cure of diseases as well as good for health.

Luoxia Hong and 24 Solar Terms and Their Translations

Up to now,there are few academic studies on the great astronomer,Luoxia Hong and the English translation of the 24 Solar Terms.Through the study of Luoxia Hong and the 24 Solar Terms and their English translations,this paper aims to,firstly,further reconfirm the historical status of Luoxia Hong and secondly,make a comparative study of the different translation versions of 24 Solar Terms from the perspective of translation studies,so that more people,home and abroad,can get more familiar with the historical and cultural celebrity Luoxia Hong and traditional Chinese culture.

Analysis on the Climatic Characteristics of Temperature in "24 Solar Terms" in Liaoning Province

[Objective] The aim was to analyze the climatic characteristics of temperature in '24 solar terms' in Liaoning Province.[Method] Based on the daily temperature data from 56 stations in Liaoning Province from 1951 to 2009,the climatic characteristics of temperature in '24 solar terms' in Liaoning Province in recent 59 years were analyzed.[Result] The time series of average temperature in '24 solar terms' in Liaoning Province showed quasi normal distribution from 1951 to 2009,namely single peak type.Great Heat meant the hottest time within one year,and next came Slight Heat,while Slight Cold was the coldest time within one year,and Great Cold took the second place.Among 24 solar terms,temperature increased most obviously in Tomb-sweeping Day,with the increase of 4.9 ℃,while temperature decreased most greatly in the Beginning of Winter,with the decrease of 5.1 ℃.There was obvious decadal variation in average temperature in Slight Heat,Great Heat,Slight Cold,Great Cold and the End of Heat which were closely related to temperature,and average temperature went up with time.From 1951-1980 to 1981-2009,average temperature in 22 solar terms showed increase trend,and there was no change in one solar term,while average temperature in one solar term decreased slightly,and average temperature in 24 solar terms increased by 0.66 ℃.[Conclusion] The study could provide scientific reference for meteorological service.

Decision Technique of Solar Radiation Prediction Applying Recurrent Neural Network for Short-Term Ahead Power Output of Photovoltaic System

In recent years, introduction of a renewable energy source such as solar energy is expected. However, solar radiation is not constant and power output of photovoltaic (PV) system is influenced by weather conditions. It is difficult for getting to know accurate power output of PV system. In order to forecast the power output of PV system as accurate as possible, this paper proposes a decision technique of forecasting model for short-term-ahead power output of PV system based on solar radiation prediction. Application of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is shown for solar radiation prediction in this paper. The proposed method in this paper does not require complicated calculation, but mathematical model with only useful weather data. The validity of the proposed RNN is confirmed by comparing simulation results of solar radiation forecasting with that obtained from other

PV Solar Yield Applicable Simulator Based on Free Irradiance Data Source:Applied Comprehensive Tool for Solar Engineers

Accurate PV system simulators are implemented with expensive software platforms using paid irradiance data.The main purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a PV system simulator,beginning with a solar cell parameter extraction model,then test and validate long-termIrradiance data using free online source(Typical Meteorological Year TMY in(PVGIS)European website),and finally building full solar generator simulator to run in working real conditions.Comparing results with Accurate Paid PV simulators(which use theMuneer model)showed good accuracy of the proposed simulator.Work flow starts with the Irradiance model’s data processing,then solar cell 5 parameters model data processing(to extract cell parameters),and finally full system simulator.MATLAB coding programs in real working conditions are used for simulation.Results of solar cell parameter extraction show 99.6%to 99.99%matching with data sheet and cell performance under standard test conditions.Systemmodel simulation output shows 8%less yearly generated energy compared to the PVGIS 2022 long-term simulation(hourly basis(one-year time)).This is due to incident energy variations(between the years 2016 and 2022)of 4.02%.The novelty of the algorithm is the methodology,as it tests irradiance data on an hourly basis and validates results for a whole continuous year.Also,the 5-parameter solar cell model is used to be validated in long term analysis,not only STC conditions and could be applied on any PV solar cell.The algorithm and block diagramused are scalable,modular,and interchangeable with similarmodels to be tested.This simulator could test severalmethods andmodels in solar pv technology.

Long-Term Visibility Trends in the Riyadh Megacity, Central Arabian Peninsula and Their Possible Link to Solar Activity

In this study, atmospheric visibility (AV) data from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (24.91˚N, 46.41˚E, 760 m), for the period 1976-2011 were utilized to investigate the interannual, monthly, and seasonal AV variations and trends. The magnitudes of these trends were characterized and tested using mann-kendall (MK) rank statistics at different significance levels. No significant trend in AV was observed during the 36-year period. However, a significant increase in the annual mean AV by 0.24 km per year for the period between 1976 and 1999 was found. For the period 1999-2011, AV decreased significantly by 0.16 km per year. The potential effects of air temperature and relative humidity on AV were investigated. While these two variables could explain the observed trend of AV over some periods, they failed to do so for the whole study period. To search for extraterrestrial causes for long-term AV variations, correlation analyses between the time series of cosmic ray (CR) data (measured by NM and muon detector) and solar activity (represented by sunspot number) and AV were conducted and showed that these two variables are able to explain the AV variations for the whole study period. Additionally, power spectra analyses were conducted to investigate periodicities in the AV time series. Several significant periodicities, such as 9.8, 5.2, 2.2, 1.7, and 1.3 years were recognized. The obtained periodicities were similar to those reported by several investigators and found in solar, interplanetary, and CR parameters. The spectral and correlation results suggested that, with the expected effects of terrestrial and meteorological conditions on AV, long-term AV variations can also be related to the solar activity and associated CR modulations.

基于阳热圆运动解析国医大师夏桂成教授“月周律与调周法”

国医大师夏桂成教授所倡导的“月周律与月经周期调治法”(简称“月周律与调周法”)是中医固有的阐述圆运动生物钟规律的理论,有助于分析月经周期和生殖节律的变化。圆运动是宇宙生命运动的普遍规律,古人通过二十四节气描述大自然中与生物生命相关的阳热降沉升浮的圆运动。月周律是女性自身阳热降沉升浮圆运动的结果,同时受大自然阳热圆运动的影响。月周律与大自然阳热圆运动存在着对应关系:阳热升极而降与经期重阳转阴相应;阳热金秋肃降与经后期阳消阴长相应;阳热降极而升与经间期重阴转阳相应;阳热春木温升与经前期阴消阳长相应。调周法的本质是基于月周律,恢复机体阴阳消长及动静升降的正常节律。

结合太阳辐射量计算与CNN-LSTM组合的光伏功率预测方法研究

为了提高模型预测性能,提出一种综合太阳辐射模型及深度学习的光伏功率预测模型。首先,利用太阳辐射机理建立太阳辐射模型(SRM),估算出水平面上总辐射值,再由斜面辐照度转换方法计算出光伏组件所接收的斜面辐射值。其次,通过皮尔逊相关分析法筛选出对光伏功率影响较大的主要因素,将斜面辐射计算值及主要影响因素作为输入,采用卷积神经网络(CNN)和长短期记忆网络(LSTM)建立光伏功率SRM-CNN-LSTM预测模型。分别利用春夏秋冬四季典型日的数据开展对比实验,结果表明:与几种其他方法相比,该文方法具有更好的预测效果。

基于卫星遥感的辐照度时空关联映射与预测建模

常规光伏电站仅能依赖局地地表气象观测信息进行辐照度预测,难以挖掘电站周边广域光伏资源的时空关联特性,限制了光伏电站辐照度以及发电功率的预测精度。针对上述问题,该文提出基于卫星遥感的光伏电站广域辐照度空间分布映射方法,并建立基于图卷积网络(GCN)的地表辐照度超短期时空关联预测模型,在充分利用多通道卫星数据的同时,考虑时空关联特性提高地表辐照度超短期预测精度。通过某光伏场站实例仿真分析,验证地表辐照度反演模型的可行性以及在此基础上所构建的辐照度时空关联预测模型的先进性。

人文与自然两合:及物性系统下二十四节气文化报道生态话语分析

文章采用及物性系统标注和生态话语分析方法对中国日报中48篇二十四节气文化报道进行了研究。研究结果表明,反映节气变化、农事活动和气象特征的物质、关系过程及其参与者成分在语料中占比较高。同时,以上成分还承载了人与自然和谐共处的背景信息,包括范围、定位、方式和因果环境成分等。高频词汇在各成分中突出了人类承担生态责任和重视自然的生态地位。通过及物性系统下的生态话语分析,文章认为,二十四节气文化报道展现了人类了解、顺应、保护自然并与自然和谐共处的生态效果,体现了中华优秀传统文化中人文与自然的融合,在引导公众正确认知人与自然关系方面具有重要意义。

二十四节气的温湿指数与抑郁症的相关性研究

背景全球抑郁症患者已突破3亿人次,其高致残率引起世界广泛关注。目前温湿指数(Humidex)与抑郁症之间关系的研究较少。目的探讨二十四节气的Humidex与抑郁症之间的关系。方法收集上海市嘉定区精神卫生中心精神科2016-10-08—2019-10-07抑郁症患者的就诊资料(n=18289),包括性别、年龄、就诊时间、就诊门诊及专家门诊数量。通过上海市气象局公布数据收集嘉定区2016-10-08—2019-10-07日均温度、相对湿度、降雨量、气压和平均风速数据,计算Humidex。将患者依据不同年龄分为≤18岁组(n=157)、19~44岁组(n=3099)、45~59岁组(n=4848)、60~74岁组(n=6270)和≥75岁组(n=3915)。通过结合类Poisson分布和分布滞后非线性模型估计二十四节气的Humidex与抑郁症之间的关系。运用Pearson相关性分析计算Humidex和气象变量之间的相关性。以中位Humidex作为对照,计算二十四节气的Humidex和抑郁症的相对风险度(RR)。结果2016-10-08—2019-10-07共纳入抑郁症患者18289人次,男6900人次,女11389人次。2016-10-08—2017-10-07小寒节气对应的平均Humidex最低,抑郁症患者数最多;大暑节气对应的平均Humidex最高,抑郁症患者数最少。2017-10-08—2018-10-07大寒节气对应的平均Humidex最低,抑郁症患者数最多;大暑节气对应的平均Humidex最高,抑郁症患者数最少。2018-10-08—2019-10-07大寒节气对应的平均Humidex最低,抑郁症患者数最多;大暑节气对应的平均Humidex最高,抑郁症患者数最少。二十四节气的Humidex与总人群抑郁症风险呈非线性关系。2016-10-08—2019-10-07总人群、男性、女性、≤18岁、19~44岁、45~59岁、60~74岁和≥75岁抑郁症风险分布前2位Humidex对应的节气分别为大寒、立春,抑郁症风险分布最低Humidex对应的节气为大暑。抑郁症总人群在大寒、立春节气后第10天出现最大滞后效应(RR=1.020,95%CI=1.001~1.040),在大暑节气后第8天出现滞后效应,持续至第9天。60~74岁年龄组人群在大寒、立春节气后第7天出现滞后效应,第9天出现最大滞后效应(RR=1.054,95%CI=1.007~1.104),持续至第11天。男性抑郁症人群在大暑节气后第1天和第8天出现滞后效应,分别持续至第2天和第10天,于第10天出现最大滞后效应(RR=0.952,95%CI=0.911~0.994);60~74岁年龄组人群在大暑节气后第8天出现滞后效应,持续至第9天。结论大寒、立春节气的Humidex是抑郁症的危险因素,临床上应根据不同节气的Humidex,对抑郁症患者人群做到精准诊疗,制订个体化的干预方案。

强直性脊柱炎发病与二十四节气相关性研究

目的:分析陕西地区近19年强直性脊柱炎发病与二十四节气间的相关性,从时间医学角度为因时制宜理论提供临床依据。方法:采用回顾性研究方法对西安市第五医院2002年2月4日至2020年2月3日收治的12645例强直性脊柱炎住院患者的病历资料进行分析,应用圆形统计分析确定其发病高峰节气及相对高峰期。结果:2002-2020年陕西地区强直性脊柱炎患者的在发病节气上具有集中趋势(Z=47.73,P<0.05),大暑(8月5日)是发病的高峰节气,相对高峰期为春分到大雪(3月21日至12月20日)。结论:强直性脊柱炎虽不是季节性流行病,但是其发病与气候、环境及二十四节气的变化有一定的影响,陕西地区强直性脊柱炎的发病节气具有一定的集中趋势,大暑前后是发病高峰期,提示应注意该节气期间疾病的预防和早期治疗。

大跨斜腿钢管桁架结构日照非均匀温度场研究

大跨空间结构在施工过程中由于长期暴露在太阳辐射中,结构中存在明显的温度效应。又因为结构独特的空间网架特性以及太阳辐射角度的实时变化,杆件之间存在明显的遮挡作用,因此结构的温度场不仅是随时间变化的,还具有不均匀的特征。该文基于地理气象信息和杆件遮挡作用的结构温度场分析算法,以某个大跨斜腿钢管桁架结构为研究背景,模拟分析了结构的瞬态温度场,并结合结构的温度和微应变长期监测,对结构的不均匀温度场以及施工阶段受力进行了讨论。计算与实测结果表明,遮挡作用使得杆件之间的瞬态温差最大可达21%,时变性与不均匀性非常显著;结构施工阶段的受力主要来源于温度效应,结构在施工阶段的温度效应不可忽略。