Game theory in network security for digital twins in industry

To ensure the safe operation of industrial digital twins network and avoid the harm to the system caused by hacker invasion,a series of discussions on network security issues are carried out based on game theory.From the perspective of the life cycle of network vulnerabilities,mining and repairing vulnerabilities are analyzed by applying evolutionary game theory.The evolution process of knowledge sharing among white hats under various conditions is simulated,and a game model of the vulnerability patch cooperative development strategy among manufacturers is constructed.On this basis,the differential evolution is introduced into the update mechanism of the Wolf Colony Algorithm(WCA)to produce better replacement individuals with greater probability from the perspective of both attack and defense.Through the simulation experiment,it is found that the convergence speed of the probability(X)of white Hat 1 choosing the knowledge sharing policy is related to the probability(x0)of white Hat 2 choosing the knowledge sharing policy initially,and the probability(y0)of white hat 2 choosing the knowledge sharing policy initially.When y0?0.9,X converges rapidly in a relatively short time.When y0 is constant and x0 is small,the probability curve of the“cooperative development”strategy converges to 0.It is concluded that the higher the trust among the white hat members in the temporary team,the stronger their willingness to share knowledge,which is conducive to the mining of loopholes in the system.The greater the probability of a hacker attacking the vulnerability before it is fully disclosed,the lower the willingness of manufacturers to choose the"cooperative development"of vulnerability patches.Applying the improved wolf colonyco-evolution algorithm can obtain the equilibrium solution of the"attack and defense game model",and allocate the security protection resources according to the importance of nodes.This study can provide an effective solution to protect the network security for digital twins in the industry.

Digital Twins for Engineering Asset Management:Synthesis,Analytical Framework,and Future Directions

Effective engineering asset management(EAM)is critical to economic development and improving livability in society,but its complexity often impedes optimal asset functionalities.Digital twins(DTs)could revolutionize the EAM paradigm by bidirectionally linking the physical and digital worlds in real time.There is great industrial and academic interest in DTs for EAM.However,previous review studies have predominately focused on technical aspects using limited life-cycle perspectives,failing to holistically synthesize DTs for EAM from the managerial point of view.Based on a systematic literature review,we introduce an analytical framework for describing DTs for EAM,which encompasses three levels:DT 1.0 for technical EAM,DT 2.0 for technical-human EAM,and DT 3.0 for technical-environmental EAM.Using this framework,we identify what is known,what is unknown,and future directions at each level.DT 1.0 addresses issues of asset quality,progress,and cost management,generating technical value.It lacks multi-objective self-adaptive EAM,however,and suffers from high application cost.It is imperative to enable closed-loop EAM in order to provide various functional services with affordable DT 1.0.DT 2.0 accommodates issues of human-machine symbiosis,safety,and flexibility management,generating managerial value beyond the technical performance improvement of engineering assets.However,DT 2.0 currently lacks the automation and security of human-machine interactions and the managerial value related to humans is not prominent enough.Future research needs to align technical and managerial value with highly automated and secure DT 2.0.DT 3.0 covers issues of participatory governance,organization management,sustainable development,and resilience enhancement,generating macro social value.Yet it suffers from organizational fragmentation and can only address limited social governance issues.Numerous research opportunities exist to coordinate different stakeholders.Similarly,future research opportunities exist to develop DT 3.0 in a more open and complex system.

Safe range analysis of clear distance of twin shallow tunnels based on limit analysis and reliability theory

A method of analyzing the stability of twin shallow tunnels was presented using both limit analysis with nonlinear failure criterion and reliability theory.In the condition of nonlinear failure criterion,the critical clear distancesof twin shallow tunnels were obtained by analyzing the change of surrounding pressure.A reliability model was established based on limit state equation,and the failure probability was solved by virtue of Monte Carlo method.Safety factor and corresponding clear distance of different safety levels were obtained by introducing a target reliability index.The scope of clear distance for different safety levels is described,which can be used as a supplement and improvement to the design codes of tunnels.

Calculation of the Coupling Coefficient of Twin-Core Fiber Based on the Supermode Theory with Finite Element Method

Currently, coupled mode theory (CMT) is widely used for calculating the coupling coefficient of twin-core fibers (TCFs) that are used in a broad range of important applications. This approach is highly accurate for scenarios with weak coupling between the cores but shows significant errors in the strong coupling scenarios, necessitating the use of a more accurate method for coupling coefficient calculations. Therefore, in this work, we calculate the coupling coefficients of TCFs using the supermode theory with finite element method (FEM) that has higher accuracy than CMT, particularly for the strong coupling TCF. To investigate the origin of the differences between the results obtained by these two methods, the modal field distributions of the supermodes of TCF are simulated and analyzed in detail.

基于数字孪生与平行试验的装备体系试验鉴定数字化应用

随着装备体系化发展,传统的实装试验手段越来越无法满足复杂装备的试验鉴定要求。数字孪生和平行试验作为目前主要的数字化方式,可为装备试验鉴定领域数字化应用提供支撑。对两种数字化技术手段进行对比分析,提炼二者的技术内涵和特点将其进行融合,探索数字化技术手段在装备试验鉴定领域的应用模式、应用时机和应用场合。以卫星装备为例,通过构建基于数字孪生与平行试验的装备体系试验鉴定数字化架构,设计具有可行性的数字化应用方案,并利用两个典型试验场景验证装备体系试验鉴定模型库中各数字模型的置信度和可靠性,为后续在轨任务实施方案设计及性能鉴定提供数据支撑,并为装备体系试验鉴定的发展提供总体思路。

数字孪生驱动的高保真水工闸门剩余寿命预测

针对水工钢闸门这种长寿命金属结构寿命预测难以预测的问题,提出了一种基于数字孪生技术的方法,获取闸门的全寿命周期数据,以达到剩余寿命预测的目的。首先利用有限元模型建立水工闸门的数字孪生体,并通过监测系统实时获取弧形钢闸门的静动力响应特性,在此基础上,以振动频率和结构应力作为响应,基于贝叶斯理论对闸门进行实时不确定性模型修正,最后利用修正的高保真模型获取闸门全寿命周期数据集,对闸门进行剩余寿命预测。结果表明:修正后的参数对应响应与实际响应偏差相比于仿真初始值更小,且剩余寿命预测结果与真实剩余寿命预测结果相似,在真实寿命预测的95%置信区间内,表明了方法的有效性和可行性。

双螺杆挤出机塑化系统电磁加热过程的数值模拟与实验研究及应用

探究电磁加热相比于铸铜加热对双螺杆挤出机塑化系统的影响,首先针对现有双螺杆机筒和线圈分布建立几何模型,使用comsol有限元软件研究了电磁加热过程机筒磁通量变化以及温度均匀性;另外,在数值模拟的指导下开展具体试验验证,对比了电磁加热和铸铜加热的机筒内壁及法兰温度均匀性、用电量及电磁辐射安全性。结果表明,电磁加热具有更高的控温精度,保证温度均匀性在±1℃以内,与模拟结果相吻合;在相同的加热时间内,电磁加热可以实现机筒和法兰同步加热,预热时间节约40%,生产过程节能50%;另外电磁辐射符合国家安全标准(GB 8702—2014),保证车间工人的人身安全。

How Prime Numbers Are Interconnected and Built with Two Equations: Addition and Subtraction Rules the Function (6µ)

Are all prime numbers linked by four simple functions? Can we predict when a prime will appear in a sequence of primes? If we classify primes into two groups, Group 1 for all primes that appear before ζ (such that , for instance 5, ), an even number divisible by 3 and 2, and Group 2 for all primes that are after ζ (such that , for instance 7), then we find a simple function: for each prime in each group, , where n is any natural number. If we start a sequence of primes with 5 for Group 1 and 7 for Group 2, we can attribute a μ value for each prime. The μ value can be attributed to every prime greater than 7. Thus for Group 1, and . Using this formula, all the primes appear for , where μ is any natural number.

多维资源约束下数字孪生边缘部署方法

数字孪生技术通过物理设备与虚拟设备间实时信息交互,可实现对物理设备的故障诊断、远程运维和远程优化。数字孪生的云端部署场景下的虚实信息交互时延制约着数字孪生实时类业务性能。将数字孪生体部署在边缘网络中,为降低虚实信息交互时延提供了可行途径。然而边缘服务器有限的存储、计算等资源制约了数字孪生最优边缘部署策略的求解。文中考虑了物理设备与其数字孪生体之间的交互时延、不同物理设备之间的交互时延以及边缘服务器资源约束,建立了数字孪生边缘部署问题模型,并将问题描述为整数规划问题,进而提出了基于分支定界算法和匹配理论的数字孪生边缘部署算法。仿真结果表明,所提出的算法可以在快速的时间内获得有效的边缘部署方案。

数字孪生系统在农业领域的建构路径探究

数字孪生技术源于生命周期理论,作为一种新兴技术,近年来其在智能制造领域得到大量关注和应用,但国内外关于数字孪生技术在农业领域的研究、开发和实施,特别是在具体项目上的融合应用和系统研究,还处于起步阶段,这与农业系统自身的复杂性和动态性有较大关系。本文基于生命周期理论在信息系统建设中的应用形式,将数字孪生划分为7种类型,进而选取农业生产周期中各阶段的典型农事行为,抽取农事行为的特征,结合信息系统建设的侧重点,构建了生命周期理论-农业生产阶段-数字孪生类型-典型农业行为-系统建设侧重的对应关系模型,梳理了不同目标的数字孪生系统需要实现的物理流和数字流走向,为农业数字孪生系统的建构提供了一条可实施的路径。

面向6G的网络架构建模、评估及优化

针对未来6G网络场景多样化、网络要素多元化等带来的网络架构设计和部署复杂度升高的难题,提出了一种基于数字孪生的6G网络架构建模、评估及优化方法。首先,对网络架构中的复杂要素进行系统分类,据此在数字孪生空间内建立包含业务域、逻辑域和物理域的三域模型;其次,利用超图理论对模型中的各域及其之间的复杂关系进行详细建模;再次,提出了网络架构熵的概念,并将其用于量化评估6G网络架构设计和部署方案的合理性;最后,提出了一种6G网络架构熵的构建方法,推导并形成了6G网络架构熵减的设计思路。仿真结果表明,所提架构熵减理论能够在不同场景下针对6G网络架构的设计和部署方案优劣进行量化评估,并给出优化设计的方向。

盾构双线隧道随机有限差分法地表变形研究

研究目的:准确预测盾构双线隧道开挖引起的地表问题对保障线路周边安全十分重要。基于随机场理论框架,将非侵入式随机分析、有限差分法和响应面法有机耦合,建立非侵入式盾构双线隧道地表变形分析有限差分模型,系统研究土体参数与双线隧道间距对地表变形的影响特性。研究结论:(1)土体参数变异系数与双隧间距对地表变形特征曲线变化影响明显;(2)地表变形曲线特征与土层参数随机分布密切相关,由于低刚度占优效应与模量呈现对数正态分布;(3)相较蒙特卡罗法,PCE法的计算精度相近,精度随阶数增加而提升,计算效率优势突出;(4)本研究成果可为设计参数选取提供一种快速可靠简便方法,也可为类似工程提供参考。

双胎妊娠合并糖尿病血糖管理障碍质性研究

目的以计划行为理论为视角探讨双胎妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇血糖管理障碍因素,为临床促进其孕期血糖管理策略提供依据。方法于2023年3月至2024年2月采用目的抽样法选取山西省汾阳医院12例双胎合并GDM的孕妇为研究对象,运用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,并用Colaizzi七步内容分析法对主题进行归纳。结果基于计划行为理论,共提炼出3个维度,各2个主题:行为态度:认知不足导致对血糖管理的忽视、负面情绪导致的消极管理;主观规范:家庭支持有限、社交影响;知觉行为控制:血糖管理知识缺乏个性化、客观因素制约。结论双胎合并GDM患者在血糖管理过程中受到多重的阻碍因素,医护人员应从改变患者主观行为、降低患者血糖管理行为的外界压力,适时为其提供必要的客观支持3个方面促进患者血糖管理行为意向,提高其自我管理效率。

A Solution to the Famous “Twin’s Problem”

In the following pages I will try to give a solution to this very known unsolved problem of theory of numbers. The solution is given here with an important analysis of the proof of formula (4.18), with the introduction of special intervals between square of prime numbers that I call silver intervals . And I make introduction of another also new mathematic phenomenon of logical proposition “In mathematics nothing happens without reason” for which I use the ancient Greek term “catholic information”. From the theorem of prime numbers we know that the expected multitude of prime numbers in an interval is given by formula ?considering that interval as a continuous distribution of real numbers that represents an elementary natural numbers interval. From that we find that in the elementary interval around of a natural number ν we easily get by dx=1 the probability that has the ν to be a prime number. From the last formula one can see that the second part of formula (4.18) is absolutely in agreement with the above theorem of prime numbers. But the benefit of the (4.18) is that this formula enables correct calculations in set N on finding the multitude of twin prime numbers, in contrary of the above logarithmic relation which is an approximation and must tend to be correct as ν tends to infinity. Using the relationship (4.18) we calculate here the multitude of twins in N, concluding that this multitude tends to infinite. But for the validity of the computation, the distribution of the primes in a random silver interval is examined, proving on the basis of catholic information that the density of primes in the same random silver interval is statistically constant. Below, in introduction, we will define this concept of “catholic information” stems of “information theory” [1] and it is defined to use only general forms in set N, because these represent the set N and not finite parts of it. This concept must be correlated to Riemann Hypothesis.

Clarifications for the Published Article: “A Solution to the Famous Twin’s Problem” in the APM of SCIRP at 24 September of 2019

This article B is almost autonomous because it can be read independently from the first published article A [1] using only a few parts of the article A. Be-low are given instructions so to need the reader study only on few places of the article A. Also, in the part A of Introduction, here, you will find simple and useful definitions and the strategy we are going to follow as well useful new theorems (also and in Section 5, which have been produced in this solution). So the published solution of twin’s problem can now be easily understood. The inequalities (4.17), (4.18) of Article A are proved here in Section 4 by a new clear method, without the possible ambiguity of the text between the relations (4.14), (4.16) of the Article A. Also we complete the proof for the twin’s distri-bution which we use. At the end here are presented the Conclusions, the No-menclatures and the numerical control of the proof, which is probably useful as well in coding methods. For a general and convincing picture is sufficient, a study from the beginning of this article B until the end of the part A of the In-troduction here as well a general glance on the Section 5 and on the Conclu-sions below.

Electronic structure of twinned ZnS nanowires

The electronic properties of twinned ZnS nanowires （NWs） with different diameters were investigated based on first-principles calculations. The energy band structures, projected density of states and the spatial distributions of the bottom of conduction band and the top of the valence band were presented. The results show that the twinned nanowires exhibit a semiconducting character and the band gap decreases with increasing nanowire diameter due to quantum confinement effects. The valence band maximum and conduction band minimum originate mainly from the S-p and Zn-s orbitals at the core of the nanowires, respectively, which was confirmed by their spatial charge density distribution. We also found that no heterostructure is formed in the twinned ZnS NWs since the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum states are distributed along the NW axis uniformly. We suggest that the hexagonal （2H） stacking inside the cubic （3C） stacking has no effect on the electronic properties of thin ZnS NWs.

THEORETICAL DETERMINATION OF TWIN BOUNDARIES IN R-PHASE OF Ni-Ti SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS

Twin boundaries among different variants in Nitinal R-phase were determined using group decomposition theory.It was found that there are four variants in the R-phase.The four variants may form three types of self-accommodation group.The four variants are twin related with {100}_(p) and {100}_(p)as twin planes.These results are in good agreement with the experiment data.

Effect of O–O bonds on p-type conductivity in Ag-doped ZnO twin grain boundaries

Based on density functional theory,first-principles calculation is applied to study the electronic properties of undoped and Ag-doped Zn O-Σ7(123^-0)twin grain boundaries(GBs).The calculated result indicates that the twin GBs can facilitate the formation and aggregation of Ag substitution at Zn sites(AgZn)due to the strain release.Meanwhile,some twin GBs can also lower the ionization energy of AgZn.The density of state shows that the O–O bonds in GBs play a key role in the formation of a shallow acceptor energy level.When AgZnbonds with one O atom in the O–O bond,the antibonding state of the O–O bond becomes partially occupied.As a result,a weak spin splitting occurs in the antibonding state,which causes a shallow empty energy level above the valence band maximum.Further,the model can be applied to explain the origin of p-type conductivity in Ag-doped Zn O.

滚动轴承数字孪生几何模型精细建模

针对滚动轴承数字孪生几何模型构建过程中,因被赋予理想的光滑表面而缺乏表面形貌信息,导致模型配合面与物理实体一致性差的问题,提出滚动轴承数字孪生几何模型精细建模方法,基于分形理论、点云变换和点云重建技术构建了带有表面形貌特征的滚动轴承数字孪生精细几何模型。通过对滚动轴承的数字孪生精细几何模型和光滑几何模型进行仿真分析,并与实验采集的滚动轴承振动数据在时频域参数上进行对比验证,表明相比传统的光滑几何模型,滚动轴承的数字孪生精细几何模型更符合实际运行情况。

数字孪生辅助的智能楼宇多模态通信资源管理方法

多模态通信网络为智能楼宇能源调控数据的采集、传输、处理以及能源调控模型训练提供了通信支撑。数字孪生可以提供计算资源、信道特性等状态估计,辅助多模态通信资源管理优化,提高能源调控模型训练精度。然而,数字孪生辅助的智能楼宇多模态通信资源管理面临能源调控模型训练误差大、多时间尺度资源分配耦合、模型训练精度提高与能耗优化相互矛盾等挑战。针对上述挑战,提出基于数字孪生和经验匹配学习的多时间尺度通信资源管理优化算法,通过联合优化大时间尺度网关选择和小时间尺度信道分配与功率控制,最小化全局模型损失函数和能耗加权和。仿真结果表明,所提算法可以提高全局模型损失函数和能耗加权和性能,保障智能楼宇能源精准调控需求,促进智能楼宇能源调控低碳运行。