Non-use value assessment for wetland ecosystem service of Hongxing National Nature Reserve in northeast China

By the contingent value method, we studied the non-use value of wetland ecosystem service of Hongxing National Nature Reserve （HNNR） in Heilongjiang Pro- vince, northeast China. The proportion of respondents willing to pay （WTP） for protection of HNNR was 63 %. The WTP ratio was affected by geographical area, contact nature, personal preferences, and familiar degree of the respondents. The WTP value was affected by age, education level and career of the respondents. The mainly reasons for people rejecting to pay for protecting HNNR were ＂I am not familiar to HNNR＂ and ＂I had no capacity for additional spending because of low income＂. Weighted average individual WTP value was CNY 59.26 Yuan ind.^-1 year^-1 for all the respondents with WTP. The total non-use ecosystem service value of HNNR was CNY 1430 million Yuan in 2013. The heritage value was highest followed by existence value and option value. From the high ecosystem service value in HNNR, it is very important to construct nature reserve for protecting natural ecosystems and human sustainable use of natural resources.

Study on the Technique of Double-faced Embroidery on Chinese Palace Fans

Double - faced iso - object embroidery is carried out byusing the uneven intercalated stitch crafts of the parallel- lines stitch as a main body, being accompanied by oth-er stitch crafts and miscellaneous stitches, done on thesame textile material. This paper deals with the flower -bird double - faced embroidery fan of the Qing Dynasty,from pattern design, stitching formation and techniqueof color arrangement, describes the possible way of mak-ing double - faced embroidery with iso - object effectboth in the front and in the back.

The Outlook of the Development of Innovative Products from Biocompatible Natural Spider Silk in the Beauty Thread-Lifting Industry

Embedding thread lift rhytidectomy,also known as“thread lifting”in China,with the natures of simple operation,less trauma and quick recovery,is progressively used in clinical practice as a new technology of face lifting.Herewith,a brief introduction of the previous advances of thread lifting techniques and materials in the facial beauty industry,combined with the discussion on various types of sutures,common complications,and the site of actions were provided.The main limitations of present thread lifting material include:(1)the use of non-absorbable sutures is liable to cause allergies and a series of complications;(2)the absorbable sutures are easily degradation,and people need to reshape in a relatively short period.Therefore,the high biocompatible spider silk was proposed as a novel material of thread lifting suture and related devices,the advantages and preliminary achievements on spider silk were also addressed.

Effects of natural cerebrolysin on protective proteins and pro-apoptotic molecules in mesenchymal stem cells following beta-amyloid peptide1-40-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress

BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that β-amyloid peptide （Aβ）, a characteristic pathological product of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, results in neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）. However, the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine against ERS in AD are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To measure expression levels of protective proteins （GRP78 and GRP94） of ER molecular partners and pro-apoptotic Caspase-12 ER membrane expression following application of traditional Chinese medicine natural cerebrolysin （NC） to treat Aβ1-40-induced ERS. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A parallel-controlled study was performed at the Institute of Integrated Western and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University between September 2006 and November 2008. MATERIALS： Sprague Dawley male rats, 6-8 weeks old, were used to harvest tibial and femoral bone marrow. Isolation and purification of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） were established from the whole bone marrow by removing non-adherent cells in primary and passage cultures. Aβ1-40 was provided by Sigma, USA. NC was provided by Shenzhen Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China. NC was predominantly composed of Renshen （Radix Ginseng）, Tianma （Rhizoma Gastrodiae）, and Yinxingye （Ginkgo Leaf） in a proportion of 1 ： 2： 2. Following conventional water extraction technology, an extract （1 ： 20） was prepared. Six adult, male, New Zealand rabbits underwent intragastric administration of NC extract （0.976 g/kg per day） for 1 month to prepare NC-positive serum, and the remaining 6 rabbits received intragastric administration of physiological saline to prepare normal blank serum. METHODS： A total of 500 nmol/L Aβ1-40 was used to establish ERS models of primary cultured MSCs. AD cell models were incubated with different doses of NC-positive serum （2.5%, 5%, and 10%）. MSCs treated with normal blank serum served as normal blank controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent immunocytochemistry were respectively used to measure mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78, GRP94, and Caspase-12 in MSCs. RESULTS： Following Aβ1-40 exposure, mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 and GRP94, as well as Caspase-12, significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）, suggesting successful establishment of ERS models. Following NC-positive serum application, mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 and GRP94 in MSCs significantly increased （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. However, mRNA and protein expression levels of Caspase-12 significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05, or P 〈 0.01） compared with the ERS model group. These effects were dose-dependent. CONCLUSION： NC downregulated Caspase-12 expression and upregulated GRP78 and GRP94 expression in MSCs in a dose-dependent manner under the state of Aβ1-40-induced ERS.

Formation conditions and exploration direction of large natural gas reservoirs in the oil-prone Bohai Bay Basin, East China

The Bohai Bay Basin is a typical oil-prone basin, in which natural gas geological reserves have a small proportion. In this basin, the gas source rock is largely medium-deep lake mudstone with oil-prone type Ⅱ2-Ⅱ1 kerogens, and natural gas preservation conditions are poor due to active late tectonic movements. The formation conditions of large natural gas fields in the Bohai Bay Basin have been elusive. Based on the exploration results of Bohai Bay Basin and comparison with large gas fields in China and abroad, the formation conditions of conventional large-scale natural gas reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin were examined from accumulation dynamics, structure and sedimentation. The results show that the formation conditions of conventional large natural gas reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin mainly include one core element and two key elements. The core factor is the strong sealing of Paleogene "quilt-like" overpressure mudstone. The two key factors include the rapid maturation and high-intensity gas generation of source rock in the late stage and large scale reservoir. On this basis, large-scale nature gas accumulation models in the Bohai Bay Basin have been worked out, including regional overpressure mudstone enriching model, local overpressure mudstone depleting model, sand-rich sedimentary subsag depleting model and late strongly-developed fault depleting model. It is found that Bozhong sag, northern Liaozhong sag and Banqiao sag have favorable conditions for the formation of large-scale natural gas reservoirs, and are worth exploring. The study results have important guidance for exploration of large scale natural gas reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin.

Dislocation stability in three-phase nanocomposites with imperfect interface

Interface imperfection can significantly affect the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms as well as the strength and toughness of nanocomposites. The elastic behavior of a screw dislocation in nanoscale coating with imperfect interface is studied in the three-phase composite cylinder model. The interface between inner nanoin- homogeneity and intermediate coating is assumed as perfectly bonded. The bonding between intermediate coating and outer matrix is considered to be imperfect with the assumption that interface imperfection is uniform, and a linear spring model is adopted to describe the weakness of imperfect interface. The explicit expression for image force acting on dislocation is obtained by means of a complex variable method. The analytic results indicate that inner interface effect and outer interface imperfection, simultaneously taken into account, would influence greatly image force, equilibrium position and stability of dislocation, and various critical parameters that would change dislocation stability. The weaker interface is a very strong trap for glide dislocation and, thus, a more effective barrier for slip transmission.

NATURE杂志内容精选

人类遗传结构的百科全书；火星海岸线又有了新解释；用微RNA进行基因沉默研究；凝视时眼睛微小运动的功能；它是否就是超新星SN 2006jc？自噬作用与泛素-蛋白酶体系统之间的关系。

背景性质对7-10岁自闭症谱系障碍儿童面孔搜索与加工的作用

为了考察背景性质对ASD者搜索面孔的影响,设计两个眼动实验任务,要求14名7～10岁ASD儿童和20名同龄正常儿童观看图片。实验一采用将面孔嵌入风景图片引起语义不一致的刺激;实验二采用含有面孔的无意义背景乱序图片刺激。结果发现:(1)面孔与背景语义不一致并不能促进ASD儿童对面孔的搜索;(2)乱序背景对ASD儿童面孔搜索与加工未产生干扰作用,但使正常儿童的搜索时间变长;(3)一旦觉察到面孔,ASD儿童对面孔的注视时间少于正常儿童。表明正常儿童对面孔的搜索与加工受背景性质的影响,而ASD儿童不受背景性质的影响;一旦发现面孔,ASD儿童的注意维持较短,但面孔加工模式与正常儿童相似。

A-T形推进皮瓣在颜面部创面修复中的应用

目的:探讨应用A-T形推进皮瓣修复颜面部创面的效果和意义。方法:设计A-T形推进皮瓣来修复位于面部自然轮廓线周围的创面。将自然轮廓线的一侧作为A-T形推进皮瓣中三角形的底边de边,将病灶设计在三角形abc内。将三角形abc及病灶切除。将游离后的皮瓣abd和ace向创面推进,关闭创面并形成倒置的T形外观。结果:修复的各种颜面部创面共计28例,皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣色泽正常,对周围自然轮廓线无明显影响。结论:A-T形推进皮瓣在修复颜面部创面时,能够避免自然轮廓线的牵拉变形,减少了手术对面部容貌的影响。

文学世界中的悲悯情怀——新世纪十年来(2001-2010)中篇小说创作论

在市场经济日益发展的当今,文学被边缘化已经成为无需争论的事实。尽管如此,新时期以来的中篇小说还是取得了骄人的成绩。新世纪十多年来(2001-2010)的中篇小说创作势头依然强劲,它们在内容上或者关注现实,或者探究历史,或者致力于人性的开掘,这些给了读者深刻的印象。小说作者在艺术形式上的探索上,也作出了孜孜不倦的努力。

双输入面齿轮分流-并车传动系统固有特性分析

以双输入面齿轮分流-并车传动系统为研究对象,基于集中参数法建立包含传动误差、啮合阻尼和支撑刚度等参数的平移-扭转耦合动力学模型,通过分析各齿轮副间的相对位移关系及其受力情况,依据牛顿第二定律建立各齿轮运动微分方程,利用动力学方程的特征值计算得到系统的固有频率和模态振型,并研究啮合刚度和支撑刚度对固有频率的影响规律。通过求解系统模态应变能和动能,揭示各齿轮模态能较大时所对应的频率阶次。研究结果表明:在7种重根对应的固有频率中,1重根对应的固有频率个数最多,多包含高阶频率;系统包含多个振型,每一传动级齿轮均存在独特的平移振动模式和扭转振动模式,在重根数相同的固有频率对应的振型矢量中,多种振动模式并存;对于总的系统模态能,第46阶频率下的总应变能最大,此时系统整体变形最大,第60阶频率下的总动能最大,此时系统振动最剧烈;高阶固有频率对啮合刚度和支撑刚度的变化更敏感,且敏感性随刚度的增大而依次增加;同时,系统刚度的变化会使固有频率在遇到相近频率时产生模态跃迁现象,振动模式发生交换,之后维持不变,直至再次遇到频率接近的情况才会再次发生模态跃迁,故在系统动态设计中尽可能避开模态跃迁点。

Micro- and nanoporous materials capable of absorbing solvents and oils reversibly： the state of the art

Treatment of petroleum spills and organic solvent pollution in general is an important issue; several techniques are under development to remove oil from water. The use of absorbents is one of the most common techniques to tackle this problem. These absorbents can be classified based on their characteristics of recyclability into irreversible and reversible ones. In this review, we discuss the application of several materials as oil absorbents, according to their classification and characteristics such as hydrophobicity, surface area and oil absorption capacity. Also, the fabrication methods for some materials are presented and analyzed.

核电厂实施非能动IVR-ERVC措施时朝下曲面CHF特性试验

在有不同过冷度的去离子水中,对加热铜块中心倾角分别取7.5°、37.5°、67.5°,以及冷凝器高度分别取5.5m、6.5m时,进行了加热面朝下的自然循环临界热流密度试验,并采用高速摄影仪对散热面的的状态进行了观察,通过临界热流密度的测定结果和散热面的沸腾状态分析自然循环条件下朝下曲表面上沸腾换热以及临界热流特性。研究表明:朝下曲表面上的临界热流密度随着试验段入口过冷度减小而降低,随加热面θ角增加而增加,并且受到流动形式和自然循环流量的影响。

Cu75Ni25合金平衡固-液界面的微观结构

采用NPH系综分子动力学(molecular dynamics,MD)方法模拟了Cu75Ni25合金的平衡固-液界面,并对其界面结构及属性进行了深入探究。根据相图计算,取Cu75Ni25合金成分点,求得不同晶向的熔点,Tm,[100]=1508.31 K,Tm,[110]=1514.92 K,Tm,[111]=1523.35 K,熔点存在各向异性。在界面区,统计了平衡构型的数密度、序参数、Ni原子浓度以及质量密度的分布曲线,展示了固-液界面的diffuse nature;所有参数在由固相向液相衰减的过程中呈现出很好的双曲正切的连续变化规律,其中采用Ni原子浓度计算得到的界面宽度明显小于采用其他属性计算得到的界面宽度。此外,按照“10%~90%”规则,以序参数为标准计算得到的界面宽度同样存在非常一致的各向异性;采用序参数aq 6计算得到的界面宽度始终大于序参数ξ的界面宽度。

Assessment of structural damage using natural frequency changes

The present paper develops a new method for damage localization and severity estimation based on the employment of modal strain energy. This method is able to determine the damage locations and estimate their severities, requiring only the information about the changes of a few lower natural frequencies. First, a damage quantification method is formulated and iterative approach is adopted for determining the damage extent. Then a damage localization algorithm is proposed, in which a damage indicator is formulated where unity value corresponds to the true damage scenario. Finally, numerical studies and model tests are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed algorithm.

Health promoting activities and corresponding mechanism of(–)-epicatechin-3-gallate

(–)-Epicatechin-3-gallate(ECG),a bioactive polyphenolic compound,has contributed a lot to the health benefits of green tea.Great attention has been focused on(–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG),but limited research has been performed towards ECG.Like EGCG,ECG also possesses various pharmacological and physiological properties,such as mediation of antioxidant activities,anti-inflammation response,regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis,as well as anticancer properties during angiogenesis,invasion and metastasis stages.Nontoxic ECG has various molecular targets within the cells,including CYP enzymes,phaseⅡdetoxification and antioxidant enzymes,as well as pro-inflammatory mediators.The antineoplastic mechanism contains inhibition of phase 1 CYP enzymes,induction of phaseⅡdetoxification and antioxidant enzymes,high anti-inflammatory efficacy,arrest of cell cycle progression,regulation of apoptosis,as well as mediation of metastasis processes.In particular,the gallate moiety of ECG is critical for mediating inhibitory effects towards cancer cells.Besides regulation of intracellular signaling pathways,ECG also inhibits RNase A and matrix metalloproteinase enzymatic activity via chelating metals(copper and zinc)in cancer cells.This review has summarized recent studies on pharmacological properties of ECG,and discussed corresponding mechanism on modulation of cellular signaling events by ECG,hoping to broaden its multiple usage.

A dataset of agro-meteorological disasteraffected area and grain loss in China(1949–2015)

As a big agricultural country,the People’s Republic of China has experienced a series of natural disasters since its founding,such as the 1959–1961 Great Famine,the 1998 floods and the 2008 snowstorm.Here we present a dataset summarizing four categories of meteorological disasteraffected area at provincial level in China from 1949 to 2015:mildly-affected area,moderately-affected area,heavily-affected area,and total affected area.Based on crop-planting data and natural disaster data,grain losses are also evaluated by using a grain loss assessment model.The dataset plays an important role in the future prediction,prevention,and reduction of agrometeorological disasters.

Dynamic test methods for natural frequency of footbridge

Using environmental random vibration as the excitation,traditional accelerometer method,non-contact video method and non-contact laser method were employed to determine the natural frequency of Kunyu River footbridge.All the results of these three methods are close to 2.70 Hz,which are concordant with each other and hence credible.

Natural compounds as anticancer agents: Experimental evidence

Cancer prevention research has drawn much attention worldwide. It is believed that some types of cancer can be prevented by following a healthy life style. Cancer chemoprevention by either natural or synthetic agents is a promising route towards lowering cancer incidence.In recent years, the concept of cancer chemoprevention has evolved greatly. Experimental studies in anima models demonstrate that the reversal or suppression of premalignant lesions by chemopreventive agents is achievable. Natural occurring agents such as dietary phytochemicals, tea polyphenols and resveratrol show chemopreventive activity in animal models. Moreover,clinical trials for testing the safety and efficacy of a variety of natural agents in preventing or treating human malignancy have been ongoing. Here, we summarize experimental data on the chemopreventive or tumor suppressive effects of several natural compounds including curcumin,(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol, and vitamin D.

GC/FT-IR Analysis of Novel 4,6,9-Triene and 2,4,6,9-Tetraene Occurring in a Female Pheromone Gland of <i>Arctia plantaginis</i>(Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Fifteen subspecies of the wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), have been recorded in the Northern Hemisphere. An analysis of crude pheromone extracts by GC equipped with an electroantennographic (EAG) detector showed four EAG-active components (Comps. I–IV) that were commonly involved in the pheromone glands of two subspecies inhabiting Japan and Finland. Comp. I is a major component (>75%) and the others are minor components (3% - 15%). Their mass spectra, measured by GC/MS, revealed the chemical structures of C21 unsaturated hydrocarbons as follows: 3,6,9-triene for Comp. I, 4,6,9-triene for Comp. II, 1,3,6,9-tetraene for Comp. III, and 2,4,6,9-tetraene for Comp. IV. Comps. I and III are known Type II pheromone compounds, and their retention times coincide with those of the authentic standards with all Z configurations. As a next step, the extract was analyzed by GC/FT-IR to determine the configuration of Comps. II and IV. Their IR spectra showed two characteristic C-H bending absorptions around 990 and 945 cm-1 due to the conjugated dienyl moieties;thus, Z and E configurations were assigned to the double bonds at the 2- and 4-positions, respectively. Their Z double bonds at the 6- and 9-positions are indicated by no absorptions around 970 cm-1, due to the isolated double bonds with E configurations. Finally, the structures of Comps. II and IV were confirmed by synthesis using a double Wittig reaction. The synthetic (4E,6Z,9Z)-4,6,9-triene and (2Z,4E,6Z,9Z)-2,4,6,9-tetraene showed strong EAG activity, and their chemical data coincided well with those of the natural Comps. II and IV, indicating the correctness of the structure determination by GC/FT-IR analysis and its usefulness for Type II pheromone compounds.