An Analysis of the Shi Clan Connections in the Wei-Jin and North-South Dynasties Based on the Character Network of Shishuoxinyu

Shishuoxinyu is a collection of anecdotal stories about the words and deeds of Wei and Jin characters. In this paper, we build a complex network with characters in Shishuoxinyu to analyze the scholarly connections in the Wei-Jin and North-South dynasties. The ER random graph, WS small-world network, BA scale-free network, and experimental network are constructed for comparison. The network properties of the experimental network were analyzed using the average degree, average clustering coefficient, and average path length. Degree centrality, mesoscopic centrality, and proximity centrality were selected to understand the importance of the experimental network nodes, and it was found that the king guide had the highest importance in the whole experimental network. Then, through the observation of network degree distribution, this experimental network is considered as a scale-free network with robustness and vulnerability, which is in line with the political characteristics of the Wei-Jin and Northern Dynasties. Finally, ten larger-scale Shi clans are selected to construct a new network for inter-clan linkage analysis. This study helps to uncover the reasons for the rise and fall of the Shi clans during the Wei-Jin and North-South dynasties.

Analysis of Buddhist sculpture art in Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties

The emergence and development of Buddhist sculpture has completely changed the original Chinese ancient sculpture, rich China sculpture theme, greatly promote the development of the Chinese sculpture, in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhist sculpture received considerable development, the art form is abundant, representative of the ＂ slim but clear appearance＂ and＂ images of noble figures ＂two kinds of modeling features. From the perspective of historical background and aesthetic orientation, this paper analyzes and studies the overall features of the art of carving art in this historical period, as well as its profound influence on the development of Chinese Buddhist statues.

Impact of Hermit Culture of the Wei and Jin Dynasties on Location Aesthetics of Villa

This paper introduced the origination of seclusion culture, analyzed historical background, causes, and aesthetic performances of hermit culture, took living style and life attitude of Tao Yuanming for example to summarize the location characteristics of villas under the impact of hermit culture in the Wei and Jin Dynasty. On this basis, site selection of Tianquan Julong International Eco-villa in Longquanyi District, Chengdu City was analyzed, and profound influence of hermit culture on the location aesthetics of modern villa explored.

The Research on the Psychological Tactic of the Northern and Southern Dynasties

Psychology’s military use was discovered by ancient Chinese strategists in a very early time.In the Spring and Autumn period(770 B.C.-476 B.C.),psychological tactics were put into practice.After coming to the Northern and Southern Dynasties(420-589),psychological tactics had become the required course of strategists.Therefore,many generals of this period could use it adroitly.There were many classic examples which could help us analyze the psychological tactics of this era.The purpose of this paper is to introduce a few classic examples and summarize their characteristics.Then,we can better understand the psychological tactics of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

The Influence of the Southern Silk Road on the Social Development of the Southwestern Yi in the Qin and Han Dynasties

The Southern Silk Road ran through Sichuan,Yunnan,and other provinces of China.It was a vital transport artery that linked the region of the southwestern Yi(barbarian tribes)to the Central Plains and influenced politics,economy,and culture in the region of the southwestern Yi in ancient times.The imperial governments of the Qin and Han dynasties kept developing regions along the Southern Silk Road.Their relentless efforts brought about social development in the region of the southwestern Yi in three aspects.Politically,they established the county system and step by step integrated the southwestern frontier and the inland into an administrative whole;economically,they implemented“presenting generous gifts and tax exemption,”spread the advanced production technology from the Central Plains,and promoted local economic growth;ideologically,they spread Confucianism and culture,and promoted cultural exchange and development.

Wei,Jin,and Northern and Southern Dynasties:The First Documented Painters

The paintings of the Wei and Jin periods retained the legacy of the Han Dynasty's emphasis on"promoting moral principles and edifying virtues,"while also emerging as independent works of art.During the Wei and Jin periods,"pure"philosophy and"pure"art were born,progressing in parallel and influencing each other.As the Confucianism of the Han Dynasty collapsed,it gave rise to the ideas and value pursuits of the aristocratic clans,along with the trend of venerating Laozi and Zhuangzi while exploring the true essence of the universe,known as"Wei-Jin metaphysics."

Political History of Books:A Case Study of Precedents of Ritual Protocol for Jin's Imperial Ministers and Annotations to the Report on Jin's Official Posts

This article takes Fu Chang's Precedents of Ritual Protocol for Jin's Imperial Ministers and Xun Chuo's Annotations to the Report on Jin's Official Posts as a means to observe the interactions between books and political processes during the Western and Eastern Jin dynasties. Both Fu Chang and Xun Chuo were employed as high-ranking officials, with a background of being from the Central Plain, by the regime of the Later Zhao founded by Shi Le. Their purpose for writing the two books was to provide guidance for the regime's institutional establishment. The collapse of Shi Le's regime led to the flow of people and their possessions to the south. During these movements, the two books along with other materials and records were brought to Jiankang and then contributed to the institutional and cultural development in the middle and late Eastern Jin Dynasty. As historical facts and references for political reformation, these books revealed the duality of institutional writings. The collection and dispersion of books after the Disaster of Yongjia, as well as the social and cultural changes, should be placed in a wider political process for further examination.

The“Emperor’s Edict”and the Emperor’s power in the Southern Song Dynasty

“Emperor’s Edict”refers to the writing of emperor himself.In the context of serving as official document,it refers to the special writ issued by emperor for sake of administering national affairs.In the official document system of Song Dynasty,“Emperor’s Edict”had always been an attention of the scholars and officials at that time due to its unusual functions in terms of drafting,promulgation and power.The Southern Song Dynasty was generally conceived by academic circles as a period when the“Administration by Emperor’s Edict”was gradually phased out.We did observe,however,with“Emperor’s Edict”placed in historical panorama of the early years of Southern Song Dynasty,an ever-strengthened power and prowess of“Emperor’s Edict”as backlit by several historical incidents such as Emperor Gaozong’s controlling and manipulating by“Emperor’s Edict”of the national armies.It reflects the political truth of strengthened imperial power in the Southern Song Dynasty.Hence,we can have access to another facet of the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty.

On Chengzhai Poetic Style and Shu Culture

Yang Wanli,a renowned poet of the Southern Song Dynasty(1127-1279 AD),has left an indelible mark on the history of Chinese literature with his unique artistic style.He pioneered the Chengzhai Poetic Style,a unique approach characterized by simplicity,naturalness,freshness,and liveliness in poetic creation.This style marked a turning point in the development of Song poetry and exerted a profound influence on the subsequent trends of Song poetry.As such,he was hailed as a“Leader in Poetry”by his contemporaries.The Chengzhai Poetic Style was gradually formed during Yang’s creation course,under the influence of several important factors,including the Bashu culture and its aesthetic taste represented by Zhang Jun and Zhang Shi,the Zen philosophy that emphasizes liveliness prevailing in the Shu area,and the view that the“Chinese Yi-ology has its roots in the Shu area.”Meanwhile,in the Collected Works of Chengzhai(Chengzhai Ji),there are many poems and essays about the Bashu area,which have provided valuable feedback to the Bashu literature and enriched its content.

“森列”与“饾饤”:南宋园林假山营造的两种类型及其结合发展

现有中国园林史研究已经认识到南宋是园林中石假山营造得到重要发展的时期,然而南宋园林假山营造的具体方式及其形态特点尚未得到有效探讨。在深入研读相关文献与图像的基础上,结合历史来源与后世影响,探讨南宋园林假山营造的类型及其发展。首先从“置”与“叠”2种基本方式出发,在历史语境中探讨“森列”与“饾饤”这2类南宋常见的假山营造类型及其来源与影响;进而关注二者在仿“飞来峰”营造中的结合与发展,从而更清晰地认识南宋,乃至其后的石假山营造。这一研究将对其后中国园林假山发展的认识,乃至当代假山特点的理解提供坚实的历史理论基础。

两晋“碑文似赋”说补证

碑文于两晋之时多为叙述性,近于赋之铺陈,故易受赋影响,常主动借鉴赋之写法。两晋碑文沿袭汉碑传统,在题材、句式、用韵上多与辞赋“同体异用”,且常以赋家笔法叙述碑主家族功勋、描绘历史背景、敷陈碑主德行事业,使得碑文辞采增华,赋化倾向更为明显。“碑文似赋”实与魏晋文学自觉相关,援赋笔破体为文,虽使碑文一改汉魏体制,篇幅增长,但在整体上增强了其文学性、可读性和感染力,强化了其文学张力,使得泛文学观念落到了实处。

南宋和元代龙泉窑粉青瓷釉色比较研究

为了研究南宋与元代龙泉粉青瓷釉呈色机理,采用colorimeter,XRF,XRD,Raman spectrometer,XPS等对南宋和元代龙泉粉青瓷釉进行对比分析。结果表明,南宋粉青瓷L*值大于元代,而a*、b*值小于元代粉青瓷。南宋粉青瓷的烧成温度低于元代。龙泉粉青瓷乳浊如玉的质感主要是受釉层内小而密集气泡与大量石英晶体对光的影响所致。Fe2O3的化学色主导了龙泉青瓷的呈色,且南宋粉青瓷的Fe2+与Fe3+的比值高于元代粉青瓷,是南宋粉青瓷偏蓝而元代粉青瓷偏绿的主要原因。

汉晋南朝买地券镇墓功能探析——以砖质买地券为中心

汉晋南朝买地券书写模式的转变,经历了东汉初、汉末吴晋、南朝三个演变阶段,其镇墓功能也随着书写模式的转变而发生改变。东汉初年初兴之际的买地券,书写模式更接近实用买卖契约,但其随葬明器的性质和买卖契约的书写格式,决定了它本身所具备的镇墓属性。这种镇墓属性是买地券作为“冥契”的固有属性,其存在与否与券文中宗教神仙色彩的有无强弱无关。汉末吴晋时期,买地券诸要项日渐完备,宗教神仙色彩日益浓厚,并出现了程式化演变趋势,但买地券的镇墓方式并未发生改变,其镇墓功能亦并未实现根本性的增强。汉末出现的糅杂了解注文内容的特殊买地券,不代表这一时期买地券演变的主流趋势。南朝时期由于道教的深入影响,一系列厌镇神仙鬼吏、慰抚亡魂、护佑生人的宗教语言出现在买地券文之中,至南梁时期,这种新式的券文书写模式已成为南朝各地买地券文的主流。南朝买地券书写模式的转变拓展了买地券的镇墓方式,增强了买地券的镇墓功能。

南齐帝乡、帝陵的政治隐喻与话语功能——以王敬则举兵的政治动员与《南齐书》的叙事立场为中心

萧氏故里“晋陵武进县东城里”与祖茔“武进陵”在南齐的政治话语中被视作王朝气运的象征与王朝正统的符号。宋齐易代之际,与东城里相对照的童谣“东城出天子”,武进旧茔上的“五色云气”“有龙出”“甘露降”等祥瑞及“萧道成当为天子”的流言,均被当作萧道成得天命的有力证据纳入禅让之际的舆论中。旧茔所在的彭山扼守着自建康沿破冈渎的东出要道,“拜武进陵”由此兼具政治与军事双重涵义。在齐明帝推行诛杀高、武子孙与旧将的时政语境中,萧氏故里、祖茔的政治意义被激活。王敬则以在武进陵口恸哭的方式将其举事与维护高、武相联,动摇了齐明帝的统治基础,在对方镇势力的疑惧下,齐明帝依靠建康禁军以作抵抗。在王敬则事件中,高、武王侯几乎被齐明帝所诛戮。作为“戕夷之事”的受害者,萧子显在编撰《南齐书·王敬则传》时,凸显王敬则的“旧将”身份、晋陵境内对王敬则举兵的响应以及王敬则的哭陵之举,或许隐含着彰显齐明帝统治之正当性缺乏的意味。这同样也是《南齐书》编撰期萧梁王朝对历史问题的定性。

南宋临安古都的历史还原

南宋建都临安,是杭州这座历史文化名城跃升为全国首都的里程碑,是浙江文化从外缘走向中心的转折点,是中国文化中心南北易位最终聚合江南的分界线,也是宋代文化继续繁荣再造高峰的动力源。然而由于战乱等原因,作为“七大古都”之一的南宋临安未能如北京、南京、西安、洛阳等有效保存古都空间景观,以皇城为核心的主体建筑荡然无存,这无疑是浙江也是中国文明发展史的重大缺憾。在当今长三角一体化的大战略中,以国际大都会上海为领雁,以古都南京与杭州为两翼,必将在建设全球第六大城市群中书写新的辉煌。鉴此,尤有必要从中国古都谱系的历史定位中提出和探索南宋古都复原与重建这一重要论题。

简论丧葬习俗对魏晋南北朝挽歌的影响

魏晋南北朝的俭葬习俗淡化了死亡的神秘感,使挽歌作者能够理性平和地看待死亡,保持一种较为超然客观的态度,促成了自挽作品的出现。各种丧葬仪式为挽歌创作提供了丰富的意象,成为挽歌描写的重要内容。挽歌正式纳入礼制,得到官方书面形式的认可后更受重视更为普及,促进了献赠挽歌作品的创作,激发了欣赏挽歌、演唱挽歌的兴趣,对名士风流的形成产生了一定影响。

金代东北地区燃料消耗与生态效应

金代东北地区的燃料主要取自周边天然森林,以木柴和木炭为大宗。金代处于我国第三个寒冷期,冬季漫长严寒,加之人口增长及冶炼业的兴盛,使燃料消耗量大增。但是金代东北地区天然森林资源丰富,总体上地广人稀,人们伐薪烧炭并未对森林资源造成不可再生性的破坏,不过也有个别地区出现了区域生态危机。文章从金代东北地区燃料消耗与生态效应的角度,探讨金代区域人地关系,以期更好地了解金代东北地区的环境与社会,为今天东北地区的环境保护与社会发展提供历史借鉴。

文明传承视角下的金代皇家仪仗研究

金代皇家仪仗,作为仪卫体系的组成部分,依照使用场合的不同,可被细分为驾行仪仗与殿庭仪仗;根据身份地位的差异,可分为帝后仪仗、皇家子女仪仗、宗室仪仗等,其中尤以帝后卤簿、皇太子卤簿以及一些特定大礼场合所使用的仪仗规模最为盛大,具有显著的代表性。具体而言,金代皇家仪仗包括车舆、旗帜、伞扇、卤簿鼓吹和兵器等部分。熙宗至世宗时期,金代皇家仪仗在种类、数量、编排和制度等多个方面逐渐走向成熟。从整体上看,金代皇家仪仗在车舆的种类和形制、旗帜与伞扇的种类、卤簿鼓吹的乐器和编排等方面不同程度地承袭了唐制、宋制与辽制,并有所创新。这一过程充分反映了皇家仪仗的历史传承性,同时也凸显了辽金时期中华礼仪文明的多元交融与持续发展。

刘锦棠与金顺关系考述——晚清新疆官员关系个案探析

抚、军关系一直是晚清新疆治理中的一个重要问题,首任巡抚刘锦棠与伊犁将军金顺的关系演变多有其特殊性。刘锦棠与金顺相识于金积堡战役,此后在稳定新疆北部局势中有着多次密切合作。两人的分歧起源于乌垣城敌粮分配不均,且未能化解,经过大河沿防务与伊犁善后分歧之争,两者关系破裂。新疆建省后,刘锦棠向清廷揭露金顺在伊犁营勇哗变及大西沟匪患问题上的谎报、瞒报行为,致使金顺被迫离任。两者关系的逐步变化受多重因素影响,新疆政治局势的变化是导致刘锦棠与金顺关系逐步恶化的关键,清廷在处理双方分歧时的不当措施、西北官场局势及人物性格影响了两者关系走向。

两晋时期的君臣关系与忠君道德——兼论忠孝两难时的道德选择

司马氏的两晋(西晋、东晋)经历了统一、战乱、分裂、偏安、篡夺,在整个155年的历史中,君臣关系虽然始终强调君尊臣卑,但其君主除开国的晋武帝相对有为外,多是暗弱君主,特别是偏安江南的东晋更是仰仗王谢等随迁的中原士族和江东原有的士族支持,君臣关系相对宽松,君尊臣卑秩序不很严格。这种君臣关系下的忠君道德,在面对五胡乱华、朝廷更迭的冲击时就表现得多元化和复杂化。特别是晋朝继承了汉代孝治天下的思想,在政治生活中也强调忠孝并重,因此在面对忠孝两难境地时就会出现不一样的道德选择。在中国传统忠德变迁史上,两晋时期的臣子忠君道德具有一定代表性,其双向度的忠以及忠孝两难的道德选择,呈现出传统忠君道德由先秦时期的君仁臣忠向宋明时期的绝对化忠君的嬗变过程。