Metabolite profile comparisons between ascending and descending colon tissue in healthy adults

BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer,yet metabolic distinctions between healthy right and left colon tissue,before cancer is diagnosed,remains largely unknown.This study compared right-ascending and left-descending colon tissue metabolomes to identify differences from the stool metabolome in normal weight,overweight,and obese adults.AIM To examine right and left colon tissue metabolites according to body mass index that may serve as mechanistic targets for interventions and biomarkers for colon cancer risk.METHODS Global,non-targeted metabolomics was applied to assess right-ascending and left-descending colon tissue collected from healthy adults undergoing screening colonoscopies to test the hypothesis that BMI differentially impacts colon tissue metabolite profiles.The colon tissue and stool metabolome of healthy adults(n=24)was analyzed for metabolite signatures and metabolic pathway networks implicated in progression of colorectal cancer.RESULTS Ascending and descending colon contained 504 host,food,and microbiotaderived metabolites from normal weight,overweight and obese adults grouped according to body mass index.Amino acids,lipids,and nucleotides were among the chemical types that further differentiated from the stool metabolite profiles.Normal weight adults had 46 significantly different metabolites between ascending and descending colon tissue locations,whereas there were 37 metabolite differences in overweight and 28 metabolite differences for obese adults(P<0.05).Obese adults had trimethylamine N-oxide,endocannabinoids and monoacylglycerols with different relative abundances identified between ascending and descending colon.Primary and secondary bile acids,vitamins,and fatty acids also showed marked relative abundance differences in colon tissue from overweight/obese adults.CONCLUSION There were metabolite profile differences between right-ascending and leftdescending colon tissue in healthy adults.Colon lipids and other metabolites in obese and overweight adults were distinguished from normal weight participants and associated with gut inflammation,nutrient absorption,and products of microbiota metabolism.

Central neuromechanisms underlying control of intragastric pressure through acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) in rats: the upper cervical cord is the key link between the ascending and descending pathways

Sensory inputs stimulated by Zusanli（ST36） acupuncture in the abdomen are known to converge in the upper cervical cord. However, it is unclear whether these inputs are subsequently conveyed to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and what kind of afferent fibers are involved. We focused on the upper cervical cord, where afferent inputs converge, and detected c-fos expression in oxytocinergic neurons. We found that Zusanli acupuncture therapy effectively elevated intragastric pressure, but inhibited expression of c-fos in oxytocinergic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus in upper cervical cord injured rats. These Zusanli acupuncture effects remained even after complete dorsal cord transection. However, after complete transection of the spinal cord or dorsolateral funiculus, the effects were significantly attenuated and even disappeared. These findings suggest that the paraventricular nucleus is responsible for pooling and integrating signals from the Zusanli acupuncture and sensory information from the intragastric pressure variation, thereby contributing to the regulation of intragastric pressure. The upper cervical cord serves as the key link between ascending and descending pathways, which conveys afferent inputs to the paraventricular nucleus through the dorsolateral funiculus.

Two-sided Long Baseline Radargrammetry from Ascending Descending Orbits with Application to Mapping Post-seismic Topography in the West Sichuan Foreland Basin

合成的孔雷达(SAR ) stereo-radargrammetry 的片面上升或下降限制了由于短空间基线(100 km ) 和小交叉角度的地志的印射的精确性。以便改进从卫星转菠的 SAR radargrammetry 产生数字举起模型(DEM ) 的表演和可靠性，从与长空间的基线(1000 km ) 的几何配置登上并且下降轨道的联合的两方面的 stereo-radargrammetry 的探索在这研究被进行。在到放方程的地球表面和 Doppler 的 SAR 传感器之间的观点范围几何学被采用建立实体镜的交叉模型。两方面的 radargrammetric 举起的测量无常根据在输入 SAR 图象之间的同类的点的雷达视差被估计。ALOS/PALSAR (先进土地观察卫星 / 阶段数组类型 L 乐队合成的孔雷达) 的二立体声对有轨道的分离的获得在有在西南的中国卷地形学的西方四川低岬盆上的几乎 1080 km 在学习被采用在撞击了这个区域的 2008 Wenchuan 地震以后获得新地面数据。对两方面的 radargrammetric DEM 的量的精确性评价与参考被执行回答 GPS 观察。试验性的结果证明没有使用的地面控制点(GCP ) ，举起精确性到达 5.5 m，并且精确性是进一步的改善了到 1.5 m，一仅仅 GPS GCP 用作最少的限制。理论分析和严峻的结果证明从上升并且下降的轨道的两方面的长基线 SAR radargrammetry 能是为大区域、高的精确性的一种很有希望的技术选择地志的印射。

Discussion on the Application of Ascending and Descending Property of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Compatibility of Clinical Prescriptions

Through the method of literature mining,the classics of traditional Chinese medicine,materia medica works,medical cases and documents are studied.Based on common prescriptions for the treatment of diseases such as abnormal Zang-fu viscera and qi movement,dysfunction,etc.,and combined with the theory of ascending and descending property of traditional Chinese medicine,the application of ascending and descending property of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical prescription compatibility and the factors affecting the application are summarized.The ascending and descending properties of traditional Chinese medicine have been widely used in prescription compatibility for the clinical treatment of impairment of purifying and descending function of the lung,spleen and stomach's ascending and descending disorders and heart-kidney noninteractionpatte.

Relationships between In SAR Seismic Deformation and Fault Motion Sense,Fault Strike,and Ascending/Descending Modes

Based on the working principle of satellite radars, the earthquake deformation field measured by interferometric synthetic aperture（InSAR） is the projection of ground displacement associated with the seismogenic fault in the line of sight（LOS） of the satellite. However, LOS projections are complex, and are not only related to the ascending/descending modes and incidence angles of SAR data, but also related to the strike and motion senses of the fault. Even for the same earthquake, the LOS deformation derived from different ascending/descending data can be almost identical in one case, but quite different in another case, which makes the interpretation of InSAR seismic deformation and its comparison with field observations difficult. In this study, we undertook a quantitative analysis of the relationships between LOS observation sensitivity of InSAR and fault strike, fault motion sense, and ascending/descending modes, as well as 3D deformation fields. We studied the features and differences of the LOS deformation fields in different types of earthquakes using ascending/descending modes, with a particularly detailed analysis of the relations for a strikeslip type of earthquake. We also summarized the characteristics of LOS deformation fields of faults with different strikes and optimal observational data modes. Taking the strike-slip Yushu earthquake and the normal Gaize event as examples, we used SAR data of the ascending/descending modes to verify the results of quantitative calculations. These analyses will not only provide a more reasonable interpretation of InSAR seismic deformation fields and but also help understand the differences of seismic deformation fields revealed by data with different observational modes, therefore promoting the application of InSAR technology in seismology.

A DEM fusion method for ascending and descending orbit StereoSAR DEMs in complicated mountain areas considering SAR echo intensity

To extract the high-quality DEM in complicated mountain areas,a DEM fusion method for ascending and descending orbit StereoSAR DEMs considering Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)echo intensity is proposed.After the analysis for the influence of terrain features and SAR side-looking imaging characteristics on radar echo intensity and DEM accuracy,four Terras AR-X images with the stripmap mode and the 3 m spatial resolution covering a certain area of Maoxian County,Sichuan Province,China,was selected as the experimental area.StereoSAR technology was used to extract the ascending orbit StereoSAR DEM and the descending orbit StereoSAR DEM,respectively,and the corresponding radar echo intensity map was calculated.Then,while comparing the radar echo intensity corresponding to the same point position,DEM fusion was carried out,and the accuracy of DEM before and after the fusion was analyzed with the ground points measured by GNSS-RTK as reference data.Finally,a high-quality DEM with a 3 m spatial resolution in the experimental area was obtained.The DEM accuracy was improved on all slopes,and the mean absolute deviation(MAD)improved to 4.798 m,the standard deviation(SD)improved to 6.087 m and the LE90 improved to 40.48 m.The experimental results indicate that the fusion method of highresolution ascending and descending orbit StereoSAR DEMs considering SAR echo intensity can effectively extract DEM with high accuracy and reliability,which can provide technical support for obtaining highquality terrain information in similar areas.

基于气机升降理论的针灸组方对心肾不交型失眠患者睡眠质量和睡眠进程的影响

目的探讨分析基于气机升降理论的针灸组方对心肾不交型失眠患者睡眠质量和睡眠进程的影响。方法前瞻性选取2019年1月—2021年12月收治入院的84例心肾不交型失眠患者根据随机数字表法分为治疗A组(42例)和治疗B组(42例)。治疗A组予以常规针法治疗,治疗B组患者则予以基于气机升降理论的针灸组方治疗。评估两组患者的实际睡眠总时间、PSQI量表评分、睡眠进程参数、入睡时间、日间功能障碍以及不良反应。结果干预后两组纳入患者的PSQI量表评分较干预前均有了显著改善(P<0.05),且干预后治疗B组患者的PSQI量表评分显著低于治疗A组(P<0.05);干预后两组纳入患者的睡眠进程参数指标较干预前均有显著改善(P<0.05),且干预后治疗B组患者的总睡眠时间、睡眠效率指标显著高于治疗A组,而睡眠潜伏期、觉醒时间指标则显著低于治疗A组(P<0.05);干预后两组纳入患者入睡时间、日间功能障碍较干预前均显著降低(P<0.05),且干预后治疗B组患者的入睡时间、日间功能障碍均显著低于治疗A组(P<0.05);干预后两组纳入患者的实际睡眠总时间较干预前均有了显著改善(P<0.05),且干预后治疗B组患者的实际睡眠总时间显著高于治疗A组(P<0.05);两组心肾不交型失眠患者在治疗期间均未出现严重不良反应,干预方案安全性良好。治疗A组患者出现穿刺处血肿4例、穿刺处感染2例、滞针4例,总出现率为23.81%(10/42);治疗B组患者出现穿刺处血肿1例、穿刺处感染0例、滞针1例,总出现率为4.76%(2/42),且治疗B组患者的总出现率显著低于治疗A组(P<0.05)。结论基于气机升降理论的针灸组方治疗心肾不交型失眠患者,其临床干预效果显著,可有效改善患者的PSQI量表评分以及睡眠进程参数,缩短入睡时间,提高实际睡眠总时间,缓解日间功能障碍,且不良反应少。

刘万里教授从气机失调论治功能性胃肠病重叠综合征经验采撷

功能性胃肠病重叠综合征临床较为常见,其病情复杂且迁延难愈,增加了临床的诊疗难度。刘万里教授指出气机升降失调是其重叠的重要病机。对于功能性胃肠病重叠综合征的治疗,刘万里教授倡导以疏理脏腑气机立法,顺应脏腑气机特性,以“通降胃气”为先,以“调脾”“疏肝”“宣肺”为要,立足整体,临证分别施以消食化滞,和胃降气、健脾化湿,复运益气、疏肝调脾,和中理气,宣肺肃肠,通腑行气之法。脏腑气机升降秩序得复,则诸症皆愈。

TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X获取高精度数字高程模型技术研究

以双星系统（TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X）下的bistatic数据模式为例研究了差分干涉获取高精度DEM产品的融合算法和技术流程.针对不同观测几何条件下（升降轨,不同入射角）观测数据的畸变和缺失,提出一种迭代的顾及垂直基线、阴影和叠影的数据融合新方法重建高分辨率高精度的数字高程模型,并对TanDEM-X融合的DEM在不同地物属性特征下（山区及高楼林立的城区）的精度进行定量分析.本文采用了两对覆盖珠海、澳门区域的升降轨TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X干涉对进行融合处理,并通过收集的高精度Lidar数据进行精度比较分析.此外,本文还定量分析了TanDEM-X的DEM对常规DInSAR技术的改进,并与SRTM、ASTER的结果进行对比.结果表明：提出的升降轨融合方法较单一轨道平台能够较好地改正或减弱由于几何畸变引起的高程信息缺失或错误,通过与Lidar数据的对比发现TanDEM-X的融合DEM在山区的精度较高,其残差的标准差为3.5 m,较单一轨道（升、降轨）分别降低8%和22%,能够通过迭代的方法获取高分辨率（可达2～5m）、高精度的地形信息;而针对城区密集建筑物的复杂地形来说,融合的DEM的精度稍低,残差的标准差为11.8m,但较单一轨道（升、降轨）来说有较大改进,其残差标准差分别降低了28%和22%;而在分布较为稀疏的居民区,融合的DEM能够较Lidar数据获取更好的建筑物高度及外形信息,此时的残差标准差可达5m.同时,TanDEM-X的融合DEM作为外部DEM能够较SRTM和ASTER来说更好地去除地形信息,尤其在山区及高程建筑密集分布的城区,从而利于后续的相位解缠和形变信息的精确获取和解译,为更高精度的时序InSAR形变监测提供有利条件。

国医大师颜正华治疗呼吸系统疾病用药升降浮沉药性规律分析

目的分析国医大师颜正华教授治疗呼吸系统疾病用药的升降浮沉药性规律,传承其宝贵学术经验。方法以4本颜正华教授弟子为主编的著作为主要来源,系统收集、分析颜正华教授临证治疗呼吸系统疾病的处方,对患者的性别、年龄,处方的辨病、证型,中药的升降浮沉药性、用量及常用药对等进行统计分析。结果共纳入处方208首,涉及中药178味、君药64味,药性多趋向沉降,全方以沉降方居多;处方平均用药13.2味,且大部分用量点在常规用量范围内;后下药中使用频数最高的中药为鱼腥草。常用药对有紫菀-白前、白前-百部、紫菀-百部,沉降方中常用苦杏仁、浙贝母、紫菀等药。结论颜正华教授治疗呼吸系统疾病时喜用沉降药,配以趋向升浮和具有双重趋向的药物调理气机的升降,且具有孟河医派“用药轻灵”的特点。

InSAR用于高山峡谷区滑坡监测的适用性

针对升降轨Sentinel-1A数据获取的得荣县古学乡2个大型滑坡形变特征不一致的问题,利用R指数、敏感性和相干性等参数,开展InSAR技术用于该地区滑坡监测的适用性研究。结果表明,降轨数据比升轨数据更适合2处大型滑坡的识别与监测,并很好地解释了升降轨滑坡监测结果不一致的原因。对2个滑坡进行时间序列形变分析及多维形变特征分解,结果表明,2个滑坡在2019~2020年累积形变量最大值分别约为300 mm和230 mm,需加强关注。

名老中医易修珍教授运用气机升降学说促进妇科腹腔镜术后胃肠功能恢复的诊疗经验

气机升降学说是中医阴阳理论在气机的动态消与变化长转化过程中的具体运用,是现代中医药理论体系中的重要组成内容之一。其内涵极广,又相互关联。在临床上对生理病理的诠释、辨证论治以及预防保健都有着重要的指导作用。随着近年来腹腔镜手术的普及,术后胃肠功能的恢复成为术后康复的重点。云南省名中医易修珍教授在长期的临床实践中,将气机升降学说运用于妇科腹腔镜术后胃肠功能恢复的辨证治疗中取得了良好的疗效,使患者及时恢复进食,避免电解质代谢紊乱,从而降低了术后盆腔粘连、肠梗阻等并发症的发生。对患者的康复和预后有很大的临床意义。现结合相关病例浅谈易修珍教授运用中医气机升降学说促进妇科腹腔镜术后胃肠功能恢复中医临证心得。

从“药类法象”角度解读气机的升降浮沉

“药类法象”之理由张元素首次提出,是根据每种药物气味各异而升降、功用不同,法象于自然,将药物分为五大类,即风升生、热浮长、湿化成、燥降收、寒沉藏。而人与天地相参,人药相关,人体及药物皆依赖于自然界而存在,是以人体脏腑气机升降及药性升降应遵循自然规律,即顺应“神机气立”而得以正常运行。因此“药类法象”是药性升降浮沉的理论基础,可应人体脏腑气机升降,促进对脏腑生理病理的认识,引出对临证用药的启发,为理解气机升降理论提供思路。

基于InSAR的乌东德水电站库区边坡形变监测及分析

水电站建成投产后,水库水位变化频繁,改变了库岸边坡原有的稳定性,易诱发边坡失稳破坏,从而对水电站的安全运行及周边居民区产生一定安全隐患。为了更好地掌握乌东德水电站蓄水过程中库区边坡的形变情况,通过SBAS-InSAR技术对该区域2020年5月至2022年8月间的升降轨哨兵数据进行解算,获取了研究区的地表形变特征;结合库水位变化情况、SAR数据反演出的边坡土壤含水量后向散射系数,对识别出的5处不稳定区域的形变机理进行分析。结果表明:运用升降轨InSAR可准确识别出库岸边坡的形变情况,研究区最大年平均沉降速率为-92 mm/a;库岸边坡的形变趋势与库水位及土壤含水量后向散射系数变化有着明显的相关性,水库蓄水是致使边坡体加速沉降的主要因素。

李东垣内伤病辨治思路探析及思辨

《内外伤辨惑论》为金元四大家李东垣著作之一,其卷中部分主要论述了内伤病的病机证治等内容。李东垣所论内伤病是由脾胃受损所导致的一种不足之病,生理基础主要与脾胃的生成和布散精微功能有关,核心病机为脾胃受损所导致的精气不足及阴火上冲,时令主气也会改变内伤病的主要矛盾。针对不断变化的病机,李东垣立甘温除热、补气升阳等法,又有补中益气汤、参术调中汤等方随于后,形成了完整的内伤病辨治体系。李东垣理法十分精妙,多脱胎于先贤经典,笔者在文献梳理的基础上,选甘温除热、按而收之、风药升阳三点,思辨推敲其本义,以便灵活运用于临床。

基于肾与三焦相通理论探讨抑郁病机与治疗

“脏腑别通”理论中提出少阴肾与少阳三焦气化相通、共主枢机,具有通行元气、司水液代谢的作用;“阴升阳降”理论中提出少阴肾与少阳三焦能够配合调节机体阴阳气机升降。“肾脑相济”以肾精为物质基础,阳气温煦、推动肾和三焦别通气化、共主枢机可作为功能基础,其生理功能可体现在调节三焦气机和调理脑神。肾阳亏虚、三焦气滞均可引发别通气化不利、“阴升阳降”失常,导致“肾脑相济”乏源,可出现本虚标实、神形兼伤病证如抑郁,且可伴随躯体化症状如疼痛、睡眠障碍、食欲不振等。根据肾与三焦气化相通这一功能特性选择调节少阳枢机以补肾阳、调补少阴枢机以利三焦以维持“肾脑相济”,可同时治疗抑郁和躯体化症状。文章探讨了在阳气作用下肾与三焦气化相通在肾与脑神相关的生理联系如“肾脑相济”、相关病证如抑郁的发病机制和治疗中发挥的作用。

基于“因病致郁”与“因郁致病”探讨胃癌伴抑郁状态的诊疗思路

[目的]从中医“因病致郁”和“因郁致病”角度论述胃癌伴抑郁状态的产生和加重,以期为其中医治疗提供理论支撑。[方法]通过查阅中医古籍和现代文献资料,搜集部分医家关于胃癌“因病致郁”和“因郁致病”理论的学术观点,并结合临床实践经验总结,探讨胃癌伴抑郁状态的诊疗。[结果]胃癌伴抑郁状态的病因病机可归纳为以下方面:中气失运,升降乖戾为其根;瘀毒胶结,七情失常为其本;瘤结局部,毒溢血脉,病郁交夹为其标,据此胃癌伴抑郁状态的治疗应斡旋中气,畅脾胃之气化;调气开郁,调人体之升降出入;化瘀解毒,通人体之气血津液;形神同调,复人体五脏之元真。[结论]瘀、毒、郁均是影响胃癌伴抑郁状态发生、发展与转归的重要病理因素,这三个因素常常互相影响,互为因果。从“因郁致病”和“因病致郁”的角度对胃癌伴抑郁状态进行探讨,不仅有助于完善胃癌伴抑郁状态的病因病机理论,也有助于为其临床治疗提供理论参考。

“脾胃归元针法”治疗面部过敏性皮炎初探

面部过敏性皮炎是皮肤科常见疾病,发病率呈逐年递增趋势,王光安副教授从气机角度论治该病,疗效显著。文章基于《黄帝内经》气机升降理论,通过对相关治疗案例的分析,探讨王光安副教授应用“脾胃归元针法”治疗面部过敏性皮炎的临床经验,以期为针刺治疗该病提供理论依据与临床思路。

基于“龙虎回环”论治特发性肺纤维化

特发性肺纤维化是呼吸系统常见疾病,其中医病机总属本虚标实,以肺气虚损为本,以痰、瘀为标。气虚血瘀,痰瘀互结,痹阻肺络。“龙虎回环”依靠肝升肺降、中气斡旋作用,左路升发,右路敛降,以中土脾胃为枢轴,则全身气机周流运转,若肝肺气机升降失常,中气斡旋失司,则肺叶失于濡养,痰瘀痹阻,终致肺叶痿废不用。因此,基于“龙虎回环”理论,在治疗特发性肺纤维化时要重视恢复气机之升降,采用调肝理肺、健脾和胃、益气养血之法,配伍化痰祛瘀、活血通络,以复中气斡旋,肝升肺降,使坎离交媾,龙虎回环。

基于脾升胃降论治肌少症

肌少症是一种常见的老年病,在中医上可归属于痿证范畴,目前治疗主要推荐营养疗法和运动锻炼,但营养配方因人而异,运动干预需长期坚持,疗效评定不一。基于中医对肌少症的认识,脾胃、营卫与四肢肌肉的密切联系,可利用脾升胃降理论,通过健脾胃、调营卫、兼顾他脏之则,借内治外治之法,使脾健胃和,气机调畅,营卫通利,则脏腑与四肢肌肉得以滋润濡养,功能得以改善和恢复,从而延缓肌少症的进展,有利于疾病向愈。