The E3 ubiquitin ligase,carboxyl terminus of heat shock protein 70(Hsp70)interacting protein(CHIP),also functions as a co-chaperone and plays a crucial role in the protein quality control system.In this study,we aimed...The E3 ubiquitin ligase,carboxyl terminus of heat shock protein 70(Hsp70)interacting protein(CHIP),also functions as a co-chaperone and plays a crucial role in the protein quality control system.In this study,we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of overexpressed CHIP on Alzheimer’s disease.We used an adeno-associated virus vector that can cross the blood-brain barrier to mediate CHIP overexpression in APP/PS1 mouse brain.CHIP overexpression significantly ameliorated the performance of APP/PS1 mice in the Morris water maze and nest building tests,reduced amyloid-βplaques,and decreased the expression of both amyloid-βand phosphorylated tau.CHIP also alleviated the concentration of microglia and astrocytes around plaques.In APP/PS1 mice of a younger age,CHIP overexpression promoted an increase in ADAM10 expression and inhibitedβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,insulin degrading enzyme,and neprilysin expression.Levels of HSP70 and HSP40,which have functional relevance to CHIP,were also increased.Single nuclei transcriptome sequencing in the hippocampus of CHIP overexpressed mice showed that the lysosomal pathway and oligodendrocyte-related biological processes were up-regulated,which may also reflect a potential mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of CHIP.Our research shows that CHIP effectively reduces the behavior and pathological manifestations of APP/PS1 mice.Indeed,overexpression of CHIP could be a beneficial approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Turbine noise would be one of the dominant noise sources especially in future UHBR (Ultra High Bypass-Ratio) aeroengine, but its currently far from being studied enough. Acoustic mode is crucial for duct propagation b...Turbine noise would be one of the dominant noise sources especially in future UHBR (Ultra High Bypass-Ratio) aeroengine, but its currently far from being studied enough. Acoustic mode is crucial for duct propagation but little study about the relation between serration and mode. Thus, taking axial single-turbine test bench NPU-Turb as object, the effect of Stator with Serrated Trailing-edge (Bionic S) and Rotor with Serrated Leading-edge (Bionic R) on duct acoustic modes of turbine turbulence interac-tion noise were studied in detail using DDES/AA hybrid model validated by acoustic experiment of NPU-Turb. Serval conclusions can be made here. First, for broadband noise, the effect of serrations on duct modes (increased or reduced of PWL<sub>mn</sub>) with the increasing frequency is more prominent. Second, the changing trend of ?PWL<sub>mn</sub> is something like Chinese character “人” with circumferential mode m and alternating with radial mode. Such distribution is more obvious at higher frequency. More theoretical and mechanistic research work needs to be carried out in depth in the future. .展开更多
The interactions of Sn and S and their effects on the magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steel sheets were discussed in reference to industrial production. Results show that minor amounts of Sn can improve ma...The interactions of Sn and S and their effects on the magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steel sheets were discussed in reference to industrial production. Results show that minor amounts of Sn can improve magnetic induction sharply but have little effect on core loss when the S content is below 10 × 10 ^-4%. The precipitation of AlN can be restrained effectively by Sn. Sn, as the nucleus, can remove some of the inclusions with a size of 0.5μm or larger, but has little effect on inclusions smaller than 0.5 μm,which is the key factor affecting core loss. Sn improves the magnetic induction of finished steel sheets mainly through the change of the steel texture. The relationship between the magnetic induction and Sn and S content can be regressed as B50 = 1.69 -4.37 ws +0.30 Ws,. From the regression formulation,the magnetic induction can be improved by 0.03 T when 0.01% Sn is added under relatively low S content conditions.展开更多
Water-rock interaction and groundwater mixing are important phenomena in understanding hydrogeological systems and the stability of rock slopes especially those consisting largely of moderately watersoluble minerals l...Water-rock interaction and groundwater mixing are important phenomena in understanding hydrogeological systems and the stability of rock slopes especially those consisting largely of moderately watersoluble minerals like calcite. In this study, the hydrogeological and geochemical evolutions of groundwater in a limestone quarry composed of three strata: limestone layer(covering), interbedded layer under the covering layer, and slaty greenstone layer(basement) were investigated. Water-rock interaction in the open-pit limestone quarry was evaluated using PHREEQC, while hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)and principal component analysis(PCA) were used to classify and identify water sources responsible for possible groundwater mixing within rock layers. In addition, Geochemist's Workbench was applied to estimate the mixing fractions to clarify sensitive zones that may affect rock slope stability. The results showed that the changes in Ca2+and HCO3àconcentrations of several groundwater samples along the interbedded layer could be attributed to mixing groundwater from the limestone layer and that from slaty greenstone layer. Based on the HCA and PCA results, groundwaters were classified into several types depending on their origin:(1) groundwater from the limestone layer(LO),(2) mixed groundwater flowing along the interbedded layer(e.g., groundwater samples L-7, L-11, S-3 and S-4), and(3) groundwater originating from the slaty greenstone layer(SO). The mixing fractions of 41% LO: 59% SO, 64% LO: 36% SO, 43%LO: 57% SOand 25% LO: 75% SOon the normal days corresponded to groundwaters L-7, L-11, S-3 and S-4,respectively, while the mixing fractions of groundwaters L-7 and L-11(61% LO: 39% SOand 93% LO: 7% SO,respectively) on rainy days became the majority of groundwater originating from the limestone layer.These indicate that groundwater along the interbedded layer significantly affected the stability of rock slopes by enlarging multi-breaking zones in the layer through calcite dissolution and inducing high water pressure, tension cracks and potential sliding plane along this layer particularly during intense rainfall episodes.展开更多
Hirota's bilinear direct method is applied to constructing soliton solutions to a special coupled modified Korteweg- de Vries (mKdV) system. Some physical properties such as the spatiotemporal evolution, waveform s...Hirota's bilinear direct method is applied to constructing soliton solutions to a special coupled modified Korteweg- de Vries (mKdV) system. Some physical properties such as the spatiotemporal evolution, waveform structure, interactive phenomena of solitons are discussed, especially in the two-soliton case. It is found that different interactive behaviours of solitary waves take place under different parameter conditions of overtaking collision in this system. It is verified that the elastic interaction phenomena exist in this (1+1)-dimensional integrable coupled model.展开更多
The success of the tuned mass damper (TMD) in reducing wind-induced structural vibrations has been well established. However, from most of the recent numerical studies, it appears that for a structure situated on very...The success of the tuned mass damper (TMD) in reducing wind-induced structural vibrations has been well established. However, from most of the recent numerical studies, it appears that for a structure situated on very soft soil, soil-structure interaction (SSI) could render a damper on the structure totally ineffective. In order to experimentally verify the SSI effect on the seismic performance of TMD, a series of shaking table model tests have been conducted and the results are presented in this paper. It has been shown that the TMD is not as effective in controlling the seismic responses of structures built on soft soil sites due to the SSI effect. Some test results also show that a TMD device might have a negative impact if the SSI effect is neglected and the structure is built on a soft soil site. For structures constructed on a soil foundation, this research verifies that the SSI effect must be carefully understood before a TMD control system is designed to determine if the control is necessary and if the SSI effect must be considered when choosing the optimal parameters of the TMD device.展开更多
The Interaction Hypothesis,which was first advanced by Michael Long,is considered as a further supplement or extension of the Input Hypothesis in the field of second language acquisition. This paper explains the main ...The Interaction Hypothesis,which was first advanced by Michael Long,is considered as a further supplement or extension of the Input Hypothesis in the field of second language acquisition. This paper explains the main claims of Michael Long's Interaction Hypothesis,the three steps to study how input and interaction affect the acquisition of a second language,and the importance of the interactional modifications applied by both participants of the interaction. Emphasis is placed on the evaluation of the theory as well as its relation to second language teaching,with many researchers' findings and arguments discussed as supporting evidence. It aims to help the effective application of this theory in second language teaching.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the interaction of interleukin-23 receptor(IL23R)(rs1004819 and rs2201841),autophagy-related 16-like 1(ATG16L1)(rs2241880), caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 (CARD15)genes,and IBD5 lo...AIM:To investigate the interaction of interleukin-23 receptor(IL23R)(rs1004819 and rs2201841),autophagy-related 16-like 1(ATG16L1)(rs2241880), caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 (CARD15)genes,and IBD5 locus in Crohn's disease(CD) patients. METHODS:A total of 315 unrelated subjects with CD and 314 healthy controls were genotyped.Interactions and specific genotype combinations of a total of eight variants were tested.The variants of IBD5locus(IGR2198a_1 rs11739135 and IGR2096a_1 rs12521868),CARD15(R702W rs2066845 and L1007fs rs2066847),ATG16L1(rs2241880)and IL23R (rs1004819,rs2201841)genes were genotyped by PCR-RFLP,the G908R(rs2066844)in CARD15 was determined by direct sequencing. RESULTS:The association of ATG16L1 T300A with CD was confirmed[P=0.004,odds ratio(OR)=1.69, 95%CI:1.19-2.41],and both IL23R variants were found to represent significant risk for the disease(P= 0.008,OR=2.05,95%CI:1.20-3.50 for rs1004819 AA;P<0.001,OR=2.97,95%CI:1.65-5.33 for rs2201841 CC).Logistic regression analysis of pairwise interaction of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)loci indicated that IL23R,ATG16L1,CARD15 and IBD5(IGR2198a_1)contribute independently to disease risk.We also analysed the specific combina- tions by pair of individual ATG16L1,IL23R rs1004819, rs2201841,IGR2198a_1,IGR2096a_1 and CARD15 genotypes for disease risk influence.In almost all cases,the combined risk of susceptibility pairs was higher in patients carrying two different risk-associated gene variants together than individuals with just one polymorphism.The highest OR was found for IL23R rs2201841 homozygous genotype with combination of positive CARD15 status(P<0.001,OR=9.15,95% CI:2.05-40.74). CONCLUSION:The present study suggests a cumulative effect of individual IBD susceptibility loci.展开更多
Marek’s disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of domestic chickens caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic and highly contagious α-herpesvirus. MD has been controlled by vaccination but sporadic...Marek’s disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of domestic chickens caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic and highly contagious α-herpesvirus. MD has been controlled by vaccination but sporadic outbreaks of MD still occur in some parts of the world. Efforts to improve vaccine efficacy have continued in both research communities and vaccine industries. We reported the host genetic variation affecting Marek’s disease vaccine-induced immunity in chickens earlier. In this study, we evaluated chicken lines, vaccines, and line by vaccine interaction on the protective efficacy of vaccination against MD. Specific pathogen free chickens from the relatively resistant line 63 and the highly susceptible line 72 were primarily used to evaluate the protection by three kinds of vaccines (rMd5ΔMeq, CVI988/Rispens, and HVT) upon challenge with a very virulent plus strain of MDV, vv+648A. Our data confirmed that both the chicken line and the vaccine significantly affected the protective efficacy of vaccination and showed that a chicken line by vaccine interaction, in most of the trials, also altered vaccine protective efficacy. More interestingly, although the protective index of all vaccine strains was higher in resistant than in susceptible line of chickens, the difference for HVT protection was striking and warrants further study. The findings may have important implications for vaccine development as well as for selective use of particular vaccines in specific lines of chickens to achieve maximum protection at minimized costs.展开更多
The interface mechanism between catalyst and carbon substrate has been the focus of research.In this paper,the FeCo alloy embedded N,S co-doped carbon substrate bifunctional catalyst(FeCo/S-NC)is obtained by a simple ...The interface mechanism between catalyst and carbon substrate has been the focus of research.In this paper,the FeCo alloy embedded N,S co-doped carbon substrate bifunctional catalyst(FeCo/S-NC)is obtained by a simple one-step pyrolysis strategy.The experimental results and density functional theory(DFT)calculation show that the formation of FeCo alloy is conducive to promoting electron transfer,and the introduction of S atom can enhance the interaction between FeCo alloy and carbon substrate,thus inhibiting the migration and agglomeration of particles on the surface of carbon material.The FeCo/SNC catalysts show outstanding performance for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).FeCo/S-NC shows a high half-wave potential(E_(1/2)=0.8823 V)for ORR and a low overpotential at 10 mA cm^(-2)(E_(j=10)=299 mV)for OER.In addition,compared with Pt/C+RuO_(2) assembled Zn-air battery(ZAB),the FeCo/S-NC assembled ZAB exhibits a larger power density(198.8 mW cm^(-2)),a higher specific capacity(786.1 mA h g_(zn)~(-1)),and ultra-stable cycle performance.These results confirm that the optimized composition and the interfacial interaction between catalyst and carbon substrate synergistically enhance the electrochemical performance.展开更多
This article lays out a unified theory for dynamics of vehicle-pavement interaction under moving and stochastic loads. It covers three major aspects of the subject: pavement surface, tire-pavement contact forces, and...This article lays out a unified theory for dynamics of vehicle-pavement interaction under moving and stochastic loads. It covers three major aspects of the subject: pavement surface, tire-pavement contact forces, and response of continuum media under moving and stochastic vehicular loads. Under the subject of pavement surface, the spectrum of thermal joints is analyzed using Fourier analysis of periodic function. One-dimensional and two-dimensional random field models of pavement surface are discussed given three different assumptions. Under the subject of tire-pavement contact forces, a vehicle is modeled as a linear system. At a constant speed of travel, random field of pavement surface serves as a stationary stochastic process exciting vehicle vibration, which, in turn, generates contact force at the interface of tire and pavement. The contact forces are analyzed in the time domain and the frequency domains using random vibration theory. It is shown that the contact force can be treated as a nonzero mean stationary process with a normal distribution. Power spectral density of the contact force of a vehicle with walking-beam suspension is simulated as an illustration. Under the subject of response of continuum media under moving and stochastic vehicular loads, both time-domain and frequency-domain analyses are presented for analytic treatment of moving load problem. It is shown that stochastic response of linear continuum media subject to a moving stationary load is a nonstationary process. Such a nonstationary stochastic process can be converted to a stationary stochastic process in a follow-up moving coordinate.展开更多
We present the solutions of the interaction energy for a colloid system with a charged rod-like macromolecule immersed in a bulk electrolyte and moving along the axis of a circular orifice or disk (orifice/disk). Th...We present the solutions of the interaction energy for a colloid system with a charged rod-like macromolecule immersed in a bulk electrolyte and moving along the axis of a circular orifice or disk (orifice/disk). The calculation requires a numerical computation of the surface charge profiles, which result from a constant surface potential on the macromolecule and the orifice/disk. In the calculation, remarkable divergences of the surface charge emerge on the edges of the macromolecule and the orifice/disk, which are well-known edge effects. The anisotropic distribution of the surface charge (effective dipole) results in an attraction between these two charged objects. This attraction is enhanced with the increase of the screening length of the system for both the orifice and the disk systems. However, the sizes of the orifice and the disk reduce to different effects on the interaction energy.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. The majority of studies have focused on the correlation between various factors and PD, with very different conclusions. To date, there has bee...BACKGROUND: The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. The majority of studies have focused on the correlation between various factors and PD, with very different conclusions. To date, there has been no study on the interaction between PD family history and other risk factors, and very few studies have reported on hedtability. OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors for PD, the interaction between family history and other risk factors, and the impact of genetic factors on PD. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTNG: A paired, retrospective, case-control study was performed at the Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from November 2006 to October 2008. PARTICIPANTS: The case group included 157 Chinese PD patients selected from the Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in China from 2006 to 2008. An additional 157 patients treated in the same department during the same period were selected as the control group, and they were paired with regard to gender, age, and nationality to the case group. METHODS: Various scored factors were investigated in all participants. The association between various factors and PD was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Interaction analysis between family history and other risk factors was performed using a logistic regression model. Heritability analysis was performed with the Falconer method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk factors for PD, interaction between family history and other risk factors, and heritability. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis showed that family history, mental work, insecticide exposure, alcohol, and depression positively correlated with PD (odds ratio = 6.75, 2.37, 2.42, 2.03, 5.20, P〈 0.05), whereas smoking had a negative correlation with PD (odds ratio = 0.49, P 〈 0.001). The proportions of the effect attributable to interaction of family history and insecticide exposure, alcohol, and depression were 55.2%, 34.0%, and 41.4%, respectively, with a relative excess risk due to interaction of 8.96, 3.31, and 7.85, respectively. PD heritability from first-degree relatives was (36.86 ± 5.76) % and from second-degree relatives was (20.66 ± 6.81) %. CONCLUSION: Family history, mental work, insecticide exposure, alcohol, and depression were determined to be risk factors for PD, whereas smoking was a protective factor. Family history had a positive interaction with coexisting risk factors. Genetic factors had a smaller action on PD than environmental factors.展开更多
The spin Hall and spin Nernst effects in graphene are studied based on Green's function formalism. We calculate intrinsic contributions to spin Hall and spin Nernst conductivities in the Kane-Mele model with various ...The spin Hall and spin Nernst effects in graphene are studied based on Green's function formalism. We calculate intrinsic contributions to spin Hall and spin Nernst conductivities in the Kane-Mele model with various structures. When both intrinsic and Rashba spin-orbit interactions are present, their interplay leads to some characteristics of the dependence of spin Hall and spin Nernst conductivities on the Fermi level. When the Rashba spin--orbit interaction is smaller than intrinsic spin-orbit coupling, a weak kink in the conductance appears. The kink disappears and a divergence appears when the Rashba spin-orbit interaction enhances. When the Rashba spin-orbit interaction approaches and is stronger than intrinsic spin-orbit coupling, the divergence becomes more obvious.展开更多
Here, we initially introduced and demonstrated two principles: orientation OR principle and attraction AT principle of electrical dipoles. The OR principle stipulates that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, from two...Here, we initially introduced and demonstrated two principles: orientation OR principle and attraction AT principle of electrical dipoles. The OR principle stipulates that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, from two bodies A and B, at any distance in the free state each, will be reciprocally oriented parallel and in the same sense if the electrical interaction forces F between them are of decreasing type with distance r. If the electrical interaction forces F are of increasing type with distance, the two dipoles will be reciprocally oriented parallel but on the opposite sense. The AT principle stipulate that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, at any distance in the free state each, will present always a reciprocal force of attraction FD in both cases of orientation accordingly to OR principle in case of any type of electrical force F decreasing or increasing with distance. These findings may complete our previous work where we found that FD force, between two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B considered at atomic and nuclear level, is in fact the actual gravitation Newton force FN. The paper must be considered together with this work for more consistency.展开更多
The Catcher in the Rye has been popular with readers since its publication,and critics at home and abroad have also conducted a lot of research on it.But they mainly proceed from the author and the text to evaluate an...The Catcher in the Rye has been popular with readers since its publication,and critics at home and abroad have also conducted a lot of research on it.But they mainly proceed from the author and the text to evaluate and analyze,ignoring the readers who are essential participants in text interpretation in the eyes of reader-response critics.In order to make up for this shortcoming,this article will take Iser’s reader-response criticism as a research perspective,starting from the three aspects of implied reader,response-inviting structure,and gaps to explore the interaction between the text of The Catcher in the Rye and the readers during the reading process.This research is expected to provide a new interpretation of this novel and provide reference for future research in related fields.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.91849115 and U1904207(to YX),81974211 and 82171247(to CS)Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,No.2020-PT310-01(to YX).
文摘The E3 ubiquitin ligase,carboxyl terminus of heat shock protein 70(Hsp70)interacting protein(CHIP),also functions as a co-chaperone and plays a crucial role in the protein quality control system.In this study,we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of overexpressed CHIP on Alzheimer’s disease.We used an adeno-associated virus vector that can cross the blood-brain barrier to mediate CHIP overexpression in APP/PS1 mouse brain.CHIP overexpression significantly ameliorated the performance of APP/PS1 mice in the Morris water maze and nest building tests,reduced amyloid-βplaques,and decreased the expression of both amyloid-βand phosphorylated tau.CHIP also alleviated the concentration of microglia and astrocytes around plaques.In APP/PS1 mice of a younger age,CHIP overexpression promoted an increase in ADAM10 expression and inhibitedβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,insulin degrading enzyme,and neprilysin expression.Levels of HSP70 and HSP40,which have functional relevance to CHIP,were also increased.Single nuclei transcriptome sequencing in the hippocampus of CHIP overexpressed mice showed that the lysosomal pathway and oligodendrocyte-related biological processes were up-regulated,which may also reflect a potential mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of CHIP.Our research shows that CHIP effectively reduces the behavior and pathological manifestations of APP/PS1 mice.Indeed,overexpression of CHIP could be a beneficial approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
文摘Turbine noise would be one of the dominant noise sources especially in future UHBR (Ultra High Bypass-Ratio) aeroengine, but its currently far from being studied enough. Acoustic mode is crucial for duct propagation but little study about the relation between serration and mode. Thus, taking axial single-turbine test bench NPU-Turb as object, the effect of Stator with Serrated Trailing-edge (Bionic S) and Rotor with Serrated Leading-edge (Bionic R) on duct acoustic modes of turbine turbulence interac-tion noise were studied in detail using DDES/AA hybrid model validated by acoustic experiment of NPU-Turb. Serval conclusions can be made here. First, for broadband noise, the effect of serrations on duct modes (increased or reduced of PWL<sub>mn</sub>) with the increasing frequency is more prominent. Second, the changing trend of ?PWL<sub>mn</sub> is something like Chinese character “人” with circumferential mode m and alternating with radial mode. Such distribution is more obvious at higher frequency. More theoretical and mechanistic research work needs to be carried out in depth in the future. .
文摘The interactions of Sn and S and their effects on the magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steel sheets were discussed in reference to industrial production. Results show that minor amounts of Sn can improve magnetic induction sharply but have little effect on core loss when the S content is below 10 × 10 ^-4%. The precipitation of AlN can be restrained effectively by Sn. Sn, as the nucleus, can remove some of the inclusions with a size of 0.5μm or larger, but has little effect on inclusions smaller than 0.5 μm,which is the key factor affecting core loss. Sn improves the magnetic induction of finished steel sheets mainly through the change of the steel texture. The relationship between the magnetic induction and Sn and S content can be regressed as B50 = 1.69 -4.37 ws +0.30 Ws,. From the regression formulation,the magnetic induction can be improved by 0.03 T when 0.01% Sn is added under relatively low S content conditions.
文摘Water-rock interaction and groundwater mixing are important phenomena in understanding hydrogeological systems and the stability of rock slopes especially those consisting largely of moderately watersoluble minerals like calcite. In this study, the hydrogeological and geochemical evolutions of groundwater in a limestone quarry composed of three strata: limestone layer(covering), interbedded layer under the covering layer, and slaty greenstone layer(basement) were investigated. Water-rock interaction in the open-pit limestone quarry was evaluated using PHREEQC, while hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)and principal component analysis(PCA) were used to classify and identify water sources responsible for possible groundwater mixing within rock layers. In addition, Geochemist's Workbench was applied to estimate the mixing fractions to clarify sensitive zones that may affect rock slope stability. The results showed that the changes in Ca2+and HCO3àconcentrations of several groundwater samples along the interbedded layer could be attributed to mixing groundwater from the limestone layer and that from slaty greenstone layer. Based on the HCA and PCA results, groundwaters were classified into several types depending on their origin:(1) groundwater from the limestone layer(LO),(2) mixed groundwater flowing along the interbedded layer(e.g., groundwater samples L-7, L-11, S-3 and S-4), and(3) groundwater originating from the slaty greenstone layer(SO). The mixing fractions of 41% LO: 59% SO, 64% LO: 36% SO, 43%LO: 57% SOand 25% LO: 75% SOon the normal days corresponded to groundwaters L-7, L-11, S-3 and S-4,respectively, while the mixing fractions of groundwaters L-7 and L-11(61% LO: 39% SOand 93% LO: 7% SO,respectively) on rainy days became the majority of groundwater originating from the limestone layer.These indicate that groundwater along the interbedded layer significantly affected the stability of rock slopes by enlarging multi-breaking zones in the layer through calcite dissolution and inducing high water pressure, tension cracks and potential sliding plane along this layer particularly during intense rainfall episodes.
文摘Hirota's bilinear direct method is applied to constructing soliton solutions to a special coupled modified Korteweg- de Vries (mKdV) system. Some physical properties such as the spatiotemporal evolution, waveform structure, interactive phenomena of solitons are discussed, especially in the two-soliton case. It is found that different interactive behaviours of solitary waves take place under different parameter conditions of overtaking collision in this system. It is verified that the elastic interaction phenomena exist in this (1+1)-dimensional integrable coupled model.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.59778027State Key Laboratory of Coastal Offshore EngineeringDalian University of Technology Under Grant No.9702
文摘The success of the tuned mass damper (TMD) in reducing wind-induced structural vibrations has been well established. However, from most of the recent numerical studies, it appears that for a structure situated on very soft soil, soil-structure interaction (SSI) could render a damper on the structure totally ineffective. In order to experimentally verify the SSI effect on the seismic performance of TMD, a series of shaking table model tests have been conducted and the results are presented in this paper. It has been shown that the TMD is not as effective in controlling the seismic responses of structures built on soft soil sites due to the SSI effect. Some test results also show that a TMD device might have a negative impact if the SSI effect is neglected and the structure is built on a soft soil site. For structures constructed on a soil foundation, this research verifies that the SSI effect must be carefully understood before a TMD control system is designed to determine if the control is necessary and if the SSI effect must be considered when choosing the optimal parameters of the TMD device.
文摘The Interaction Hypothesis,which was first advanced by Michael Long,is considered as a further supplement or extension of the Input Hypothesis in the field of second language acquisition. This paper explains the main claims of Michael Long's Interaction Hypothesis,the three steps to study how input and interaction affect the acquisition of a second language,and the importance of the interactional modifications applied by both participants of the interaction. Emphasis is placed on the evaluation of the theory as well as its relation to second language teaching,with many researchers' findings and arguments discussed as supporting evidence. It aims to help the effective application of this theory in second language teaching.
基金Supported by Grant of Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation,No.OTKA T 73430
文摘AIM:To investigate the interaction of interleukin-23 receptor(IL23R)(rs1004819 and rs2201841),autophagy-related 16-like 1(ATG16L1)(rs2241880), caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 (CARD15)genes,and IBD5 locus in Crohn's disease(CD) patients. METHODS:A total of 315 unrelated subjects with CD and 314 healthy controls were genotyped.Interactions and specific genotype combinations of a total of eight variants were tested.The variants of IBD5locus(IGR2198a_1 rs11739135 and IGR2096a_1 rs12521868),CARD15(R702W rs2066845 and L1007fs rs2066847),ATG16L1(rs2241880)and IL23R (rs1004819,rs2201841)genes were genotyped by PCR-RFLP,the G908R(rs2066844)in CARD15 was determined by direct sequencing. RESULTS:The association of ATG16L1 T300A with CD was confirmed[P=0.004,odds ratio(OR)=1.69, 95%CI:1.19-2.41],and both IL23R variants were found to represent significant risk for the disease(P= 0.008,OR=2.05,95%CI:1.20-3.50 for rs1004819 AA;P<0.001,OR=2.97,95%CI:1.65-5.33 for rs2201841 CC).Logistic regression analysis of pairwise interaction of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)loci indicated that IL23R,ATG16L1,CARD15 and IBD5(IGR2198a_1)contribute independently to disease risk.We also analysed the specific combina- tions by pair of individual ATG16L1,IL23R rs1004819, rs2201841,IGR2198a_1,IGR2096a_1 and CARD15 genotypes for disease risk influence.In almost all cases,the combined risk of susceptibility pairs was higher in patients carrying two different risk-associated gene variants together than individuals with just one polymorphism.The highest OR was found for IL23R rs2201841 homozygous genotype with combination of positive CARD15 status(P<0.001,OR=9.15,95% CI:2.05-40.74). CONCLUSION:The present study suggests a cumulative effect of individual IBD susceptibility loci.
文摘Marek’s disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of domestic chickens caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic and highly contagious α-herpesvirus. MD has been controlled by vaccination but sporadic outbreaks of MD still occur in some parts of the world. Efforts to improve vaccine efficacy have continued in both research communities and vaccine industries. We reported the host genetic variation affecting Marek’s disease vaccine-induced immunity in chickens earlier. In this study, we evaluated chicken lines, vaccines, and line by vaccine interaction on the protective efficacy of vaccination against MD. Specific pathogen free chickens from the relatively resistant line 63 and the highly susceptible line 72 were primarily used to evaluate the protection by three kinds of vaccines (rMd5ΔMeq, CVI988/Rispens, and HVT) upon challenge with a very virulent plus strain of MDV, vv+648A. Our data confirmed that both the chicken line and the vaccine significantly affected the protective efficacy of vaccination and showed that a chicken line by vaccine interaction, in most of the trials, also altered vaccine protective efficacy. More interestingly, although the protective index of all vaccine strains was higher in resistant than in susceptible line of chickens, the difference for HVT protection was striking and warrants further study. The findings may have important implications for vaccine development as well as for selective use of particular vaccines in specific lines of chickens to achieve maximum protection at minimized costs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374301 and 22279030)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2223037)+1 种基金Hebei Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material,Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao(HKDEFM2021201)the Performance subsidy fund for the Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province(22567627H)。
文摘The interface mechanism between catalyst and carbon substrate has been the focus of research.In this paper,the FeCo alloy embedded N,S co-doped carbon substrate bifunctional catalyst(FeCo/S-NC)is obtained by a simple one-step pyrolysis strategy.The experimental results and density functional theory(DFT)calculation show that the formation of FeCo alloy is conducive to promoting electron transfer,and the introduction of S atom can enhance the interaction between FeCo alloy and carbon substrate,thus inhibiting the migration and agglomeration of particles on the surface of carbon material.The FeCo/SNC catalysts show outstanding performance for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).FeCo/S-NC shows a high half-wave potential(E_(1/2)=0.8823 V)for ORR and a low overpotential at 10 mA cm^(-2)(E_(j=10)=299 mV)for OER.In addition,compared with Pt/C+RuO_(2) assembled Zn-air battery(ZAB),the FeCo/S-NC assembled ZAB exhibits a larger power density(198.8 mW cm^(-2)),a higher specific capacity(786.1 mA h g_(zn)~(-1)),and ultra-stable cycle performance.These results confirm that the optimized composition and the interfacial interaction between catalyst and carbon substrate synergistically enhance the electrochemical performance.
基金sponsored in part by the National Science Foundationby National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金by Ministry of Communication of Chinaby Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation
文摘This article lays out a unified theory for dynamics of vehicle-pavement interaction under moving and stochastic loads. It covers three major aspects of the subject: pavement surface, tire-pavement contact forces, and response of continuum media under moving and stochastic vehicular loads. Under the subject of pavement surface, the spectrum of thermal joints is analyzed using Fourier analysis of periodic function. One-dimensional and two-dimensional random field models of pavement surface are discussed given three different assumptions. Under the subject of tire-pavement contact forces, a vehicle is modeled as a linear system. At a constant speed of travel, random field of pavement surface serves as a stationary stochastic process exciting vehicle vibration, which, in turn, generates contact force at the interface of tire and pavement. The contact forces are analyzed in the time domain and the frequency domains using random vibration theory. It is shown that the contact force can be treated as a nonzero mean stationary process with a normal distribution. Power spectral density of the contact force of a vehicle with walking-beam suspension is simulated as an illustration. Under the subject of response of continuum media under moving and stochastic vehicular loads, both time-domain and frequency-domain analyses are presented for analytic treatment of moving load problem. It is shown that stochastic response of linear continuum media subject to a moving stationary load is a nonstationary process. Such a nonstationary stochastic process can be converted to a stationary stochastic process in a follow-up moving coordinate.
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research Fund of the Education Department of Zhejiang Province of China (Grant No.Y200803420)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10947175)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,China (Grand No.2010A610089)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University of China
文摘We present the solutions of the interaction energy for a colloid system with a charged rod-like macromolecule immersed in a bulk electrolyte and moving along the axis of a circular orifice or disk (orifice/disk). The calculation requires a numerical computation of the surface charge profiles, which result from a constant surface potential on the macromolecule and the orifice/disk. In the calculation, remarkable divergences of the surface charge emerge on the edges of the macromolecule and the orifice/disk, which are well-known edge effects. The anisotropic distribution of the surface charge (effective dipole) results in an attraction between these two charged objects. This attraction is enhanced with the increase of the screening length of the system for both the orifice and the disk systems. However, the sizes of the orifice and the disk reduce to different effects on the interaction energy.
文摘BACKGROUND: The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. The majority of studies have focused on the correlation between various factors and PD, with very different conclusions. To date, there has been no study on the interaction between PD family history and other risk factors, and very few studies have reported on hedtability. OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors for PD, the interaction between family history and other risk factors, and the impact of genetic factors on PD. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTNG: A paired, retrospective, case-control study was performed at the Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from November 2006 to October 2008. PARTICIPANTS: The case group included 157 Chinese PD patients selected from the Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in China from 2006 to 2008. An additional 157 patients treated in the same department during the same period were selected as the control group, and they were paired with regard to gender, age, and nationality to the case group. METHODS: Various scored factors were investigated in all participants. The association between various factors and PD was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Interaction analysis between family history and other risk factors was performed using a logistic regression model. Heritability analysis was performed with the Falconer method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk factors for PD, interaction between family history and other risk factors, and heritability. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis showed that family history, mental work, insecticide exposure, alcohol, and depression positively correlated with PD (odds ratio = 6.75, 2.37, 2.42, 2.03, 5.20, P〈 0.05), whereas smoking had a negative correlation with PD (odds ratio = 0.49, P 〈 0.001). The proportions of the effect attributable to interaction of family history and insecticide exposure, alcohol, and depression were 55.2%, 34.0%, and 41.4%, respectively, with a relative excess risk due to interaction of 8.96, 3.31, and 7.85, respectively. PD heritability from first-degree relatives was (36.86 ± 5.76) % and from second-degree relatives was (20.66 ± 6.81) %. CONCLUSION: Family history, mental work, insecticide exposure, alcohol, and depression were determined to be risk factors for PD, whereas smoking was a protective factor. Family history had a positive interaction with coexisting risk factors. Genetic factors had a smaller action on PD than environmental factors.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10934010)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2011CB921502 and 2012CB821305)
文摘The spin Hall and spin Nernst effects in graphene are studied based on Green's function formalism. We calculate intrinsic contributions to spin Hall and spin Nernst conductivities in the Kane-Mele model with various structures. When both intrinsic and Rashba spin-orbit interactions are present, their interplay leads to some characteristics of the dependence of spin Hall and spin Nernst conductivities on the Fermi level. When the Rashba spin--orbit interaction is smaller than intrinsic spin-orbit coupling, a weak kink in the conductance appears. The kink disappears and a divergence appears when the Rashba spin-orbit interaction enhances. When the Rashba spin-orbit interaction approaches and is stronger than intrinsic spin-orbit coupling, the divergence becomes more obvious.
文摘Here, we initially introduced and demonstrated two principles: orientation OR principle and attraction AT principle of electrical dipoles. The OR principle stipulates that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, from two bodies A and B, at any distance in the free state each, will be reciprocally oriented parallel and in the same sense if the electrical interaction forces F between them are of decreasing type with distance r. If the electrical interaction forces F are of increasing type with distance, the two dipoles will be reciprocally oriented parallel but on the opposite sense. The AT principle stipulate that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, at any distance in the free state each, will present always a reciprocal force of attraction FD in both cases of orientation accordingly to OR principle in case of any type of electrical force F decreasing or increasing with distance. These findings may complete our previous work where we found that FD force, between two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B considered at atomic and nuclear level, is in fact the actual gravitation Newton force FN. The paper must be considered together with this work for more consistency.
文摘The Catcher in the Rye has been popular with readers since its publication,and critics at home and abroad have also conducted a lot of research on it.But they mainly proceed from the author and the text to evaluate and analyze,ignoring the readers who are essential participants in text interpretation in the eyes of reader-response critics.In order to make up for this shortcoming,this article will take Iser’s reader-response criticism as a research perspective,starting from the three aspects of implied reader,response-inviting structure,and gaps to explore the interaction between the text of The Catcher in the Rye and the readers during the reading process.This research is expected to provide a new interpretation of this novel and provide reference for future research in related fields.