Deformation Mechanism of Bimodal Structured 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Two Yield Stages

A kind of micro/nanostructured 2205 duplex stainless steel(DSS)with uniform distribution of nanocrystals was prepared via aluminothermic reaction method.The analysis of stress-strain curve showed that the fracture strength and elongation of the specimen were 946 MPa and 24.7%,respectively.At present,the research on microstructure of bimodal 2205 DSS at room temperature(RT)mainly depended on scanning electron microscope(SEM)observation after loading experiments.The test result indicates that there are two different yield stages in stress-strain curve of specimen during tensile process.The microstructure of duplex bimodal structured stainless steel consists of two pairs of soft hard regions and phases.By studying deformation mechanism of bimodal structured stainless steel,the interaction between soft phase and hard phase are discussed.The principle of composition design and microstructure control of typical duplex stainless steel is obtained,which provides an important research basis for designing of advanced duplex stainless steel.

The Mechanism of Carotenoid Degradation in Flue-Cured Tobacco and Changes in the Related Enzyme Activities at the Leaf-Drying Stage During the Bulk Curing Process

The mechanism of carotenoid degradation and the changes in the activities of related enzymes in flue-cured tobacco at the leaf-drying stage during the bulk-curing process were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for optimization of curing technology. The effect of different rising speeds of temperature on the carotenoid degradation and the related enzymes activities at the color-fixing stage during the bulk curing process was studied by using the electric-heated fluecuring barn designed by Henan Agricultural University, China, based on curing technology with yellowing at low temperature and moderate humidity and leaf drying at moderate humidity. The results showed that the carotenoid degradation components （β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and violaxthin） decreased gradually at the color-fixing stage during the bulk curing process. The carotenoid degradation components viz.,β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and violaxthin at the slow heating curing （T1） were relatively higher than the rapid heating curing （T2） accounting for 10, 2, 32 and 32% respectively, but there were no differences among treatments （P〉 0.05）. The effect of different conditions of curing on the activities of enzymes related to carotenoids degradation were significant. The lipoxygenase, phenylalanine ammonialyase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase enzymes had a bidirectional effect on the quality of tobacco leaves and it was beneficial to form more premise matter of aroma based on the higher enzyme activities at the early leaf-drying stage. The slow heating could regulate the change in various enzymes＇ activities reasonably, making cell redox reaction to reach the dynamic balance and make the degradation of carotenoids adequately. Meanwhile, it could avoid the occurrence of browning reaction and provide foundation for improving the quality of tobacco and optimization of technology for bulk curing and further enhancing aroma.

Characteristics and control mechanisms of coalbed permeability change in various gas production stages

According to dimensionless analysis of the coalbed methane （CBM） production data of Fanzhuang block in southern Qinshui basin, the dimensionless gas production rate is calculated to quantitatively divide the CBM well production process into four stages, i.e., drai- nage stage, unstable gas production stage, stable gas pro- duction stage, and gas production decline stage. By the material balance method, the coal reservoir permeability change in different stages is quantitatively characterized. The characteristics and control mechanisms of change in coalbed permeability （CICP） during different production stages are concluded on five aspects, i.e., permeability trend variation, controlling mechanism, system energy, phase state compositions, and production performance. The study reveals that CICP is characterized by first decline, then recovery, and finally by increase and is controlled directly by effective stress and matrix shrinkage effects. Further, the duration and intensity of the matrix shrinkage effect are inherently controlled by adsorption and desorp- tion features.

Geochemical Characteristics of Two Types of Ores from Jinshan Shear Zone-hosted Gold Deposit, Jiangxi, with a Discussion on the Mechanism of Two-stage Mineralization

Two types of gold ores,siliceous mylonite and quartz vein,formed at the first and second stages of mineralization respectively, can be clearly recognized in the shear zone-hosted gold deposit at Jinshan, Jiangxi.Similarity in REE and trace elements between the siliceous mylonite and the country rocks indicates that the ore metals were supplied by the surrounding strata during the first stage of mineralization.On the other hand, as indicated by fluid inclusion data,the ore-forming fluid at the second stage was of meteoric origin and the precipitation of gold was caused by phase separation.

Study of Human Rights Protection Mechanisms for Suspects at the Investigation Stage

When criminal suspects are being investigated for criminal responsibil- ity, they are the most vulnerable to infringement by public power. Thus, they need more special attention and protection. It is the in- evitable requirement of the modern democratic rule of law, and also the inevitable historic choice of respecting and protecting human rights.

Formation Mechanism of the Changxing Formation Gas Reservoir in the Yuanba Gas Field,Sichuan Basin,China

In a very gentle platform-margin paleogeographic environment, platform-margin reef flat facies carbonate reservoir rocks were developed in the Changxing Formation of Yuanba field. Later weak structural evolution and diagenetic evolution caused the Changxing Formation to form lithologic traps, with good reservoirs such as dissolved bioclastic dolostone and dissolved pore dolostone. The Changxing Formation gas reservoir is a pseudo-layered porous lithologic gas reservoir under pressure depletion drive, with high H2S and moderate CO2 contents. This paper predictes that the conducting system for the Changxing Formation gas reservoir is possibly composed of the pores and microfractures in the Changxing Formation reservoir, the top erosional surface of the Changxing Formation, as well as the micropores and microfractures in the underlying formations. The Changxing Formation reservoir has experienced 3 hydrocarbon charging stages. This paper suggests that diffusion is the major formation mechanism for this gas reservoir. In the Middle and Late Yanshanian, the Yuanba area entered the major gas charging stage. The gas migrated mainly through diffusion and with the assistance of seepage flow in small faults and microfractures from the source rocks and the other oil-bearing strata to the Changxing Formation carbonate reservoir rocks, forming lithologic gas pools. In the Himalayan Epoch, the lithologic traps were uplifted as a whole without strong modification or overlapping, and were favorable for gas preservation.

Mechanism of Silurian Hydrocarbon Pool Formation in the Tarim Basin

There are three formation stages of Silurian hydrocarbon pools in the Tarim Basin. The widely distributed asphaltic sandstones in the Tazhong （central Tarim） and Tabei （northern Tarim） areas are the results of destruction of hydrocarbon pools formed in the first-stage, and the asphaltic sandstones around the Awati Sag were formed in the second-stage. The hydrocarbon migration characteristics reflected by the residual dry asphalts could represent the migration characteristics of hydrocarbons in the Silurian paleo-pools, while the present movable oil in the Silurian reservoirs is related to the iater-stage （the third-stage） hydrocarbon accumulation.

Fuzzy synthetic evaluation on layoff mechanism for human resource

According to the modern theory of human resource management, the condition of buyout mainly depends on two variables of an employee: his interior value of product and exterior work reward. There exist shortages in evaluating the value of the employees in an enterprise. Consequently, a lot of employees might be laid off. Hence, this paper puts forward a two-stage method for decision-making to carry out a selective plan of buyout, based on the fuzzy synthetic evaluation involing many factors impacting on human resource. Moreover, a positive analysis is also given.

核心企业创新生态系统多阶段治理机制选择

基于创新生态系统理论和跨组织治理理论,构建企业创新生态系统运行状态演化模型,运用多主体仿真方法探究不同治理机制对企业创新生态系统不同阶段运行状态的影响,以揭示创新生态系统不同阶段的最优治理机制,并以案例进行验证。研究结果表明,在创新生态系统的诞生—扩张阶段,核心企业应选择合同治理为主、关系治理和权益治理为辅的治理机制;在权威阶段,核心企业应选择关系治理为主、合同治理和权益治理为辅的治理机制;在再生阶段,核心企业应选择权益治理为主、合同治理和关系治理为辅的治理机制。

稠油自乳化水驱开发规律

受原油性质的影响,稠油自乳化水驱开发与常规水驱开发不同,传统的稀油水驱理论不适用于稠油水驱开发。以中国某稠油自乳化水驱油藏流体参数为基础,通过室内实验和数值模拟,研究自乳化水驱开发规律,揭示自乳化水驱机理和主要影响因素。采用新的数值模拟方法揭示自乳化水驱的稳定驱替阶段为类“活塞式”驱油模式,开发全过程可分为4个阶段,即纯油阶段、过渡阶段、平台阶段和水油比快速上升阶段。渗透率级差和原油黏度是影响自乳化水驱含水率的主要因素,其次是渗透率和注水速度。

基于多阶段优化的壁画图像色彩还原

敦煌壁画是中国最有价值和不可再生的文化遗产之一。而壁画图像的色彩复原对敦煌壁画的数字化保护和展示具有重要意义。为了解决褪色壁画图像色彩还原过程中出现的边缘伪影和色彩混叠问题,提出一种基于多阶段优化的壁画图像色彩还原方法。该方法利用高斯核函数得到壁画图像的多尺度表示。同时,构建三个基于编码器-解码器的迁移子网来学习壁画图像多尺度表示的语义特征,在参考壁画和褪色壁画之间建立语义关联来恢复壁画颜色。采用由粗到细的优化策略,在各个阶段间构建跨尺度特征融合模块实现图像多尺度表示的特征融合,建立不同阶段间的特征依赖关系。通过多阶段逐步优化,实现壁画图像的色彩还原。通过对临摹壁画和真实壁画的实验表明,该方法能够较有效地消除噪声影响,在还原壁画色彩的同时能较好地保持褪变色壁画图像的边缘纹理信息。

基于高效通道注意力的多阶段图像去雨网络

针对现有图像去雨算法不能更好地保留图像背景细节的问题,提出一种基于高效通道注意力的多阶段图像去雨网络。首先,网络使用3×3卷积提取雨图的浅层特征并传递给高效通道注意力模块,为不同的特征通道分配不同的权重;然后,传递给3个并行阶段,在前2个阶段中,使用编码-解码器进行多尺度特征提取,减少雨纹信息丢失,其中使用Transformer模块抑制无用信息传递;最后,在第3个阶段使用初始分辨率模块代替编码-解码器,从而保留输出图像的精细特征。实验结果表明,所提算法在Rain800、Rain12、Rain100L和Rain100H公开测试集上的结构相似性分别为0.830、0.968、0.960和0.944,峰值信噪比分别为27.33 dB、35.27 dB、36.79 dB和28.94 dB。所提算法相比于经典和新颖的图像去雨算法,在去除雨纹和恢复背景细节上具有更好的效果。

山东南吕—欣木金矿床金的赋存状态及富集机制

为探讨南吕—欣木金矿床金的赋存状态及富集机制,结合矿区地质特征,采用能谱和电子探针(EPMA)对研究区内采集的岩(矿)石标本进行分析,获取矿物生成顺序,分析金矿物的形态、粒度、成色和赋存状态,探讨金的富集机制。研究表明:南吕—欣木金矿床成矿阶段可划分为4个阶段,即黄铁矿—石英(Ⅰ)、金—石英—黄铁矿(Ⅱ)、金—石英—多金属硫化物(Ⅲ)和石英—方解石(Ⅳ),其中第Ⅰ、Ⅲ阶段是金的主要成矿阶段。金的赋存状态有晶隙金(占49.87%)、裂隙金(占42.81%)和包体金(占7.32%)。裂隙金的大小为7~20μm。金成色变化范围在886~943之间,平均成色为845,变化系数为11.72%。相关分析结果显示:相关性显著的元素是Ag和Ag、Fe和S。金与其他元素的相关性大小依次是Au→Ag→Cr→Fe→S,与Pb、Cu和Zn等元素相关性不大。黄铁矿是主要的载金矿物。金从矿源层(古老变质岩和玲珑复合岩体)溶滤出来,以简单的氯化物和络合物等迁移,富集在2个成矿阶段叠加部位。研究结果为揭示区域金的赋存状态和矿床成因提供了证据,也为总结焦家金成矿带成矿规律提供了科学依据。

两级升运链锥轴自卸式残膜捡拾机设计及试验

废膜残留于土壤会直接影响种子的出苗率和养分的吸收利用,同时会造成极大的白色污染。农田残膜的捡拾回收问题一直是困扰农技和农机人员的“顽疾”,传统滚筒式、鼠笼式、钉耙式等残膜捡拾回收机捡拾效果不理想、捡拾效率较低。为解决黄土高原全膜双垄沟播种模式下传统捡拾方法残膜拾净率低的问题,设计一种两级升运链锥轴自卸式残膜捡拾机。使用设计的起膜铲实现板结覆土下残膜的完整收集,设计两级升运链机构实现土块的筛分清理,通过自卸机构实现膜杂箱的快速释放,有效降低人工作业强度。结果表明,该残膜捡拾机具有优异的作业性能,更适用于黄土高原的全膜双垄沟的播种模式。两级升运链锥轴自卸式残膜捡拾机在各种播种模式下的残膜拾净率均稳定在95%左右。

苏木有效成分抗动脉粥样硬化的实验研究进展

中药苏木性平,味甘、咸,归心、肝、脾经,具有活血祛瘀、消肿止痛的功效。药理研究发现苏木有效成分可大致分为巴西苏木素类、原苏木素、高异黄酮、查尔酮类等,具有降血脂、抗炎、抗氧化、抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡、抗血栓形成及扩张血管等作用。基于动脉粥样硬化是导致心血管疾病的病理基础,且具有明显的病理分期,因此本文就近年来苏木在动脉粥样硬化进程中各时期作用机制的实验研究进行归纳总结,以期为及早防治动脉粥样硬化及心血管疾病提供参考。

冶炼烟气制酸转化器布气装置理论研究及应用

采用传统单级轴向布气装置的二氧化硫转化器易出现烟气分布不均、触媒层测温点温差较大、二氧化硫转化率不达标等问题。为找出问题根源和解决方案,借助计算流体力学模拟软件对单级轴向布气装置的气体分布效果进行了分析,同时基于多级布气的思想提出了一种新型多级轴向布气装置,对影响新型轴向布气装置布气效果和压降的关键参数的尺寸进行了优化研究。传统单级轴向布气装置结构单一,受筛孔板节流因素的影响,通过筛孔的气流与被筛孔板阻挡而改变流向的气流到达触媒层表面后,存在显著的速度、流量差异,导致布气装置布气不均匀。新型多级轴向布气装置通过多级布气有效克服了单级筛孔板的布气缺陷,其性能在工程实际应用中得到了检验,二氧化硫转化率、触媒床层温差、硫酸产量等指标均获得了显著改善。

吻合血管游离腓骨移植治疗股骨头坏死

背景:吻合血管游离腓骨移植是治疗股骨头坏死常用的有效保髋治疗手段,但其影响因素仍存在争议。目的:探究吻合血管游离腓骨移植治疗股骨头坏死的临床疗效,及股骨头坏死的病因分类和病变严重程度对其疗效的影响。方法:采集吻合血管游离腓骨移植治疗股骨头坏死患者63例(共73髋)的临床资料及术前、术后髋关节的临床疗效评分。按股骨头坏死的病因分类标准分为激素性、酒精性和特发性3组,参照Ficat分期标准分为FicatⅡ期、FicatⅢ期和FicatⅣ期3组,分析病因分类和病变程度对吻合血管游离腓骨移植治疗股骨头坏死临床疗效的影响。结果与结论:①吻合血管游离腓骨移植治疗股骨头坏死术后各阶段的目测类比评分均较术前明显降低(P<0.001),术后各阶段的Harris评分均较术前明显升高(P<0.001);②在激素性、酒精性和特发性3组中,除激素性组术后2,3年,其余各组术后各时点Harris评分均较术前明显升高(P<0.05);③在FicatⅡ期、FicatⅢ期和FicatⅣ期3组中,FicatⅡ期和FicatⅢ期各组术后Harris评分均较术前明显升高(P<0.05),FicatⅣ期术后Harris评分与术前比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);④结果提示,吻合血管游离腓骨移植治疗股骨头坏死临床疗效显著,可以减轻患者髋部疼痛和改善髋关节功能;其疗效可能不受病因的影响,而受病变严重程度的影响。

基于电化学机理模型的锂离子电池早期内短路电热特征研究

锂离子电池的内短路故障是诱发其热失控的主要原因之一,早期内短路特征研究能够为电池管理系统的故障诊断和安全预警提供支撑,对提高电动汽车的安全性具有重要意义。构建了锂离子电池内短路电化学机理模型,实现了不同内短路阻值下的锂枝晶内短路故障模拟。结果表明,由锂枝晶导致的电池内短路产热98%以上来源于正负极产生的焦耳热,早期内短路过程中正负极集流体表面的温升小于1.5 K,不显著的外部热特征无法用于早期内短路故障诊断。与正常电池相比,内短路故障将使得电池充电速度变慢,放电速度变快,端电压异常下降,上述电特征可以为构建早期内短路故障诊断方法提供依据。

飞行器机翼变形驱动机构研究

为了优化飞行器气动特性,提升飞行效率,研究用于连续变弯度机翼的多级连杆驱动机构。采用ANSYS流体分析功能研究最大弯曲角度下变弯度机翼的气动特性;采用ANSYS静力学分析功能研究极限载荷条件下驱动机构的结构强度;并通过仿真分析与样机测试对驱动机构的运动情况进行研究。研究结果表明:变形机翼获得升力系数为1.4,所受最大气流动压1 078 Pa,小于下表面屈服气流动压4 916 Pa;驱动机构所受最大应力37.3 MPa,小于结构屈服强度55.2 MPa;机翼弯曲变形角度可达±25°,满足了飞行器对改善飞行特性方面的需要。

分级时效对7B05铝合金型材组织性能的影响

采用自然时效72 h+120℃24 h+185℃105 min+90℃12 h+150℃12 h的新型分级时效热处理工艺,获得了综合性能优异的7B05铝合金挤压型材。研究表明,经分级时效处理后,型材晶内析出相主要为η′相、少量η平衡相和GP区,晶界析出相呈断续分布,无沉淀析出带宽度控制在100 nm左右;型材的抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后伸长率分别达到了373 MPa,324 MPa和16.4%,晶间腐蚀等级为2级。