A Two-Sector Economic Growth Model with Labor Force Transfer

In this paper, a two\|sector growth model is given. The labor force transfer process from agricultural sector to industrial sector is exogenous determined. By introducing the labor force transferring function, a two\|dimension nonautonomous differential equation is obtained. The results of the model manifest that the labor force transfer delays industrial sector growth and accelerates the agricultural sector growth. It is proved that the solution of the model is asymptotic stable. By the numerical analysis, the economic growth and labor force transfer is presented under the specific parameters.

An Investigation into Green Total Factor Productivity in China's Carbon-Intensive Sectors and Its Influencing Factors

This paper uses an SBM-GML index model to assess Green Total Factor Productivity(GTFP)in China's carbon-intensive sectors and conducts an empirical investigation into which factors influence GTFP in these sectors.The GTFP in the carbon-intensive sectors experienced a decline between 2006 and 2011,followed by an upward trend beginning in 2012.Technological progress was the primary driver of GTFP growth,while business size was also a notable contributor.Irrational energy structures negatively influenced the high-quality development of the carbon-intensive sectors,and environmental regulation and foreign direct investment(FDI)have not yet significantly impacted GTFP.Based on these findings,this paper suggests that the carbon-intensive sectors should expedite their green transitions by focusing on system improvement,technological innovations,energy revolutions,and high-level opening up.

Model and Characteristics of China's Service Sector Reform during 1978-2016

This paper intends to provide an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of China＇s service sector reform during 1978-2016 and characterize the model of the service sector reform. Due to unique national conditions and development journey, China＇s service sector reform was carried out in the context of China＇s overall reform and opening-up program based on non-industrial motivations with a pragmatic approach to improve both people＇s livelihood and efficiency and address practical problems facing China in various stages of its development, putting aside theoretical controversies. How to further improve the model of China＇s service sector reform that came into shape in such a unique historical context and advance service sector reform is an important yet arduous task.

Sectorization Model of Terminal Airspace with Arrival and Departure Separation

Terminal airspace(TMA)is the airspace centering several military and civil aviation airports with complex route structure,limited airspace resources,traffic flow,difficult management and considerable airspace complexity.A scientific and rational sectorization of TMA can optimize airspace resources,and sufficiently utilize the control of human resources to ensure the safety of TMA.The functional sectorization model was established based on the route structure of arriving and departing aircraft as well as controlling requirements.Based on principles of sectorization and topological relations within a network,the arrival and departure sectorization model was established,using tree based ant colony algorithm(ACO)searching.Shanghai TMA was taken as an example to be sectorizaed,and the result showed that this model was superior to traditional ones when arrival and departure routes were separated at dense airport terminal airspace.

A Study on Similar Financial Models in Manufacturing Sector

In this paper, we subdivide the sample of manufacturing companies listed in two stock exchanges in China from the year 2000 to 2009 into two categories： the firms which adopted the similar financial models and those which did not. Then we use t-test and nonparametric test to explore the differences between the two sub-samples in cash management, assets and liabilities structures, assets turnover ratios, profitability, liquidity and growth rates. The results show that the former has shorter Cash Conversion Cycle （CCC）, quicker assets turnover, higher Debt Ratio （DR）, higher growth rate and thus has better profitability. In addition, the regression analysis results further demonstrate that Return on Invested Capital （ROIC） of similar-financial-model firms are positively related to Net Profit Margin （NPM） （p 〈 0.01）, and negatively to CCC （p 〈 0.01）, Interest Expense Ratio （IER） （p 〈 0.01）, the Ratio of Interest-Bearing Debt to Total Liabilities （IBDR） （p 〈 0.01） and the ratio of Net Receivables to Sales Revenue （NRSR） （p 〈 0.01）. Moreover, negative relationship between ROIC and dummy variable GROUP implies that the former has better profitability than the latter.

Simplified Equation Models for Greenhouses Gases Assessment in Road Transport Sector in Burkina Faso

Transport sector is cited among the key emitted sector.In Burkina Faso,road transport occupies more than 60%of the emissions of the entire transport sector.However,there is no model equation for greenhouse gases modelling in transport sector.A methodology combining literature review and survey has been adopted to develop the simplified model equation in transport sector.The vehicle type survey allowed the identification of the type of vehicle and the literature review allowed the identification of the key parameters used for greenhouses gases modelling.The results revealed 10 vehicle types for road transport in Burkina Faso such as:Private cars,Public Transport/Buses,Special Vehicle(Ambulances,Fire bus,Funeral vehicles),other vehicle,Motorcycles,Wheeler,Rail,Van,Lorries and Truck Tractor.The keys parameters for greenhouse gases modelling are Fleet availability,Average annual distance travelled,Fuel Economy and Fuel emission factor.For all vehicle type identified simplified model equation was developed to support Burkina Faso,assessing greenhouse gases emission in the sector of transport.This approach could be replicated in other countries in the sub-Saharan Region.

Overreliance on Net Export and Investment Impedes China's Structural Transformation: Estimation and Analysis Based on a Multi-Sector Growth Model

Since reform and opening-up in 1978, changes in China's industrial structure have generally followed the pattern of "Kuznets facts" but still exhibits some unique characteristics, which led us to raise the following three questions regarding China's structural transformation:(1) Why did the share of China's agricultural and manufacturing employment reduce/increase intermittently rather than continuously?(2) Why did the share of China's agricultural employment increase during certain periods? When the share of manufacturing employment reduced, why did the workforce reversely flow into agriculture rather than move to the service sector?(3) Why did growth in the share of China's service sector employment decelerate before reaching its peak? Why did the share of employment in the industrial sector suddenly increase after an abrupt decline? This paper creates a multisector economic growth model that contains non-homothetic preferences and differentiated productivity, and incorporates the "two drivers" therein for a demand-side estimation and analysis. The result shows that China's economic growth model driven by net export and investment is a critical factor for explaining the three questions regarding its structural transformation. This paper believes that only by implementing supply-side structural reforms, reducing the dependence on net export and investment, and achieving sustainable endogenous economic growth will China be able to expedite its industrial restructuring.

国家金融安全视域下金融科技的风险应对与法治保障

在数字化时代,科技深度赋能金融服务的同时,也易引发国家金融安全风险,包括与传统金融活动结合、构建新型金融网络系统及新兴科技直接应用等场景。金融科技引发国家安全风险的生成机理在于,随着金融体系的中介类型增多、金融风险传导渠道增加,新金融网络体系会产生基于“关联”的风险。金融科技“破坏性创新”的特征,会从金融监管立法与实施两个方面冲击传统金融监管框架,从而加剧监管失灵。国家金融安全的法治保障亟须理论层面的反思与重构,进而形成金融科技的“动态协同”治理模式,从外层金融网络与基础设施安全、中层金融科技创新活动和内层金融服务行为三个层面,构建多层次的金融科技法治保障体系。

房地产股价波动对高技术板块的溢出效应研究——基于DGC-t-MSV模型

过度的金融资产投资可能导致房地产股价泡沫,并且通过风险溢出渠道给高技术板块带来价格冲击。研究聚焦于房地产行业和高技术产业的股票价格指数,结合MODWT分解和DGC-t-MSV模型进行实证分析,结果表明:其一,“房地产-高技术”的股票价格动态相关,房地产行业价格波动的传导作用更加强烈,对高技术板块具有明显的溢出效应;其二,实施限制性政策后房地产行业的挤出效应降低,高技术及其分类产业的创新投入受到的限制逐渐减弱;其三,短、中期频繁交易是导致房地产溢价的主要原因,需要警惕高技术板块面临的溢出风险。积极引导高技术板块的价值投资,合理配置技术要素,能够有效促进高技术产业的高质量、高水平发展。

区域多扇区耦合容量评估

明确空域单元内部交通流特性及其动态演变机制是评估区域多扇区耦合通行能力的基础,对于提升空中交通管理效率至关重要。基于改进的元胞传输模型(CTM),以实际飞行数据为基增量仿真推演分析了交通流流量、速度与密度间的宏观基本图(MFD)。进一步表征区域多扇区之间的耦合作用,建立区域多扇区耦合快时仿真模型。通过分析区域多扇区需求平均延误关系对区域多扇区耦合容量进行评估,揭示区域运行瓶颈。以合肥区域管制扇区为例,评估了区域多扇区耦合容量,并依据各扇区的延误贡献识别了该区域多扇区运行瓶颈主要集中在ZSOFAR02扇区和ZSOFAR01扇区。研究成果可为提高区域多扇区航路航线网络通行能力提供科学的理论支撑。

期望扇区三矢量模型预测电流控制

三矢量模型预测电流控制需要依次计算6扇区电压矢量的作用时间,再由价值函数选取期望电压矢量,存在计算量大的缺点。本文提出一种基于期望扇区的三矢量模型预测电流控制,以快速确定期望电压矢量。首先,建立d-q轴的三矢量电流模型,给出其三矢量作用时间;然后,令预测电流为期望电流,可以获得期望电压矢量,并利用Clark变换得到α-β轴的期望电压矢量;最后,利用反正切函数求得期望电压矢量角度,确定期望电压矢量所在的期望扇区,得到期望三矢量及其作用时间。仿真和实验表明,该方法能够保持很好的控制系统性能。同时,该方法只需一次计算期望电压矢量角度即可确定期望三矢量及其作用时间,比传统三矢量方法有效缩短了算法执行时间约60%。

中国产业部门如何走出“气候赌场”——基于CGE模型的隐含碳定价机制探析

基于CGE模型和SDA方法分析模拟了8种碳定价机制对宏观经济、减排目标和驱动因素的影响程度。结果表明:由于碳税和碳交易的价格形成过程不同,开征碳税对中国宏观经济的冲击更大,需要制定配套的税收返还措施,以有效弥补部分社会福利损失;价格-数量混合型碳定价机制对产业关联性较强部门如“交通运输设备制造业”“建筑业”和“化石能源”等部门的降碳效果更为显著;碳排放强度效应和中间投入结构效应是促进碳减排的主要驱动因素,且不同驱动因素对不同产业部门的作用程度存在显著差异。应坚持“政府+市场”双轮驱动,着力构建碳税与碳交易协同互补的碳定价机制,助力中国如期实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标。

中国产业部门隐含碳生产率的驱动因素分解——基于LMDI-PDA模型的实证分析

提升隐含碳生产率是产业部门碳减排的关键。基于2002—2020投入产出数据与能源碳排放数据建立隐含碳生产率指标,利用LMDI-PDA综合分解法,系统梳理各效应、各细分产业部门对产业部门整体隐含碳生产率变动的影响。研究结论为:直接排放率效应对28个产业部门中的大部分产业部门的隐含碳生产率提升起到阻碍作用,排放能效效应以及能源资本替代效应则主要起积极作用;隐含碳生产率效应普遍推动三次产业隐含碳生产率上升,排放结构效应则阻碍第二产业与第三产业隐含碳生产率的增长,负向效应分别为-0.0166万元/吨、-0.0190万元/吨;对产业部门整体隐含碳生产率增长贡献最大的两个产业部门是其他服务业和建筑业。研究结论为加速推进产业低碳变革提供了理论与数据支撑。

长江三角洲城市群建筑部门碳排放时空格局及影响因素分析

基于2008—2020年长江三角洲城市群27个地级市建筑部门碳排放数据,采用探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)模型和GTWR-STIRPAT模型分析城市群建筑部门碳排放的时空格局及其影响因素的时空异质性。结果表明:①时间上,2008—2020年长江三角洲城市群建筑部门碳排放持续增大;空间上,城市群建筑部门碳排放大体呈现“中间低、南北高”的分布格局。②城市群建筑部门碳排放空间聚集效果明显,主要呈现“低低”、“高高”的空间聚集特征。③各影响因素在不同城市存在较强的时空异质性,能源消耗强度、人口总量、建筑产业结构和人均GDP对城市群各市建筑碳排放具有正向影响,而城镇化水平和建筑减排政策数量对城市群大部分城市具有负向影响。最后提出了城市间联防联控措施和差异化减排建议。

论通用人工智能治理中管制与反垄断的协同

随着专用人工智能向通用人工智能技术的发展,通用大模型接入各行业具有通用性,显现出公用事业属性与自然垄断属性。如何实现从具体应用提供者行为规制向通用人工智能服务提供者管制的转变,将提供通用大模型技术支持作为法律治理的对象,是当前通用人工智能治理面临的难题。通用人工智能服务提供者的政府管制与反垄断有不同的干预目标和干预理念,是相互独立、相互平行但可以彼此协同的两种治理行为。通用人工智能行业管制应重点转向对服务提供者数据开放与算法备案的实现,反垄断执法应重塑行为违法判定规则,贯彻柔性执法理念,引入敏捷治理新方式。基于反垄断执法仅对市场失灵进行矫正,行业管制能有效矫治结构性失灵,在此基础上应实现针对通用人工智能服务提供者由政府主导走向“行业管制—反垄断执法—通用人工智能服务提供者自治”多元协同治理,从而在最大程度上发挥通用人工智能技术效能,同时减少新兴技术对社会发展造成的负面冲击。

大尺度水利数据底板可视化探索与实践

数据底板作为数字孪生平台核心组成部分,在支撑数字孪生水利建设中作为“算据”发挥着关键性的基础作用。在数据底板可视化方面目前还存在数据要素标准不统一、融合渲染方法不明确、业务场景难支撑的问题,特别是大尺度三维数据底板如何融合构建、共享、更新与应用,尚未形成高效的解决方案。根据数字孪生水利建设数据底板建设思路,详细阐述了当前多源多级数据融合方法和业务可视化同步映射技术,并以淮河流域水利要素可视化模型构建开展实践探索。结果表明:多源异构数据标准化治理与可视化模型轻量化渲染在数据底板建设中至关重要,不仅能够支持流域尺度物理实体与数字要素的同步映射,也能够增强多场景的业务服务能力,为流域水安全保障提供关键数据支持。

长三角地区工业细分行业碳效率评价及其影响因素分析

由浙江、江苏、安徽和上海组成的长三角地区是国内经济发展高地,同时也是高碳排放区域。研究长三角地区细分行业碳效率特征及其影响因素,不仅对这一地区实现低碳发展目标具有重要意义,也对全国其他地区未来低碳发展具有较为重要的指导意义。利用固定效应随机前沿模型对2014至2019年三省一市37个行业进行了碳效率测算,并对各地区工业碳效率动态变化进行了分析;然后,基于随机前沿模型方法对碳效率影响因素进行了探究;最后,应用不同生产函数形式和去极端值的方式验证了本模型的稳健性。研究结果表明,长三角地区三省一市的高碳效率行业存在明显差异,且主要受行业专业化程度以及环境规制强度的影响,国有资产占比对碳效率的影响在安徽省显著。此外,提高专业化程度是持续推动碳效率水平提高的关键性因素,环境规制能快速推动部分行业提高碳效率,但是无法推动地区工业碳效率的长期进步。

大语言模型在金融端的应用原理、挑战及落地路径研究

新质生产力的核心是技术创新与应用,人工智能是铸造新质生产力最有效的手段,随着人工智能技术的快速进步,大语言模型在金融行业的应用引起了广泛的关注。这些模型在处理金融文本、预测市场趋势、管理风险、执行算法交易以及改善客户服务等方面展现了显著的潜力,助力新质生产力发展。尽管如此,要将这些先进技术融入金融领域,同时确保数据隐私、模型的解释性和准确性仍然存在诸多挑战。文章深入探讨了大语言模型在金融领域应用的核心原理、面临的主要挑战、最具潜力的应用场景、有效的效果评估方法、关键的落地实施因素、解决可解释性问题的策略、维护数据隐私和安全的重要性,以及预期的未来发展趋势和可能带来的行业变革。通过全面的分析,为金融机构利用大语言模型提供指导,同时为未来的研究方向提出建议。

一种基于快速傅里叶建模方法的开关磁阻电机模型预测控制

为快速准确地建立开关磁阻电机模型,提高模型预测控制性能,该文提出一种基于快速傅里叶建模方法的模型预测控制策略。一方面采用傅里叶级数对磁链和转矩特性进行解析建模,并推导转矩预测模型;另一方面结合分扇区的思想控制电机换相进而简化代价函数,并在每个扇区内只设计两个预选电压矢量,有效减小了预测控制的计算负担。另外,扇区的位置和宽度可根据转速和负载的变化而变化,增强了算法的适用性。仿真和实验与传统的模型预测控制方法进行对比,并考虑到低、高速以及转速和负载突变的不同工况,结果表明所提算法的转矩脉动更低,转矩电流比更高。

国产化BIM引擎在发电领域的渲染优化研究

国产BIM引擎BIMBase在建筑和工程领域已得到广泛应用,但在处理发电厂大体量模型时,性能和效率有所降低。针对这一问题,本文提出了一系列优化方案,以提高BIMBase在处理发电厂大体量模型时的性能和效率,从而满足发电领域的需求。首先,本文调研和分析了BIMBase引擎的工作原理和结构,研究了在渲染大规模数据时面临的挑战和问题;其次,基于已有的研究成果,本文提出了量化优化指标、优化渲染算法等方法;最后,本文在实验中对优化方案进行验证和评估。结果表明,这些方法能够显著提高BIMBase引擎在渲染大规模数据时的性能和效率。本文提供了一套对BIM引擎在发电领域应用上的优化方法论和优化方案,可为其他BIM图形引擎优化提供一些参考和借鉴。此外,本文还对这些优化方案的效果进行了分析和讨论,以提供一些实践指导和参考。