Structure and Two-dimensional Correlation Infrared Spectroscopy Study of a New One-dimensional Chain Compound: (4,4’-Hbpy)_3[NaMo_8O_(26)](4,4’- bpy)_2(H_2O)_4 (bpy = Bipydine)

A novel compound, （4,4＇-Hbpy）3[NaMo8O26]（4,4＇-bpy）2（H2O）4 1 （bpy=bipydine）, was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that compound 1 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group C2/m with a=19.1921（5）, b=18.6931（6）, c=9.3821（3） A° β=104.8020（11）°, V=3254.22（17）A°^3 C50H51Mo8N10NaO30, Mr=2062.52, Z=2, F（000）=2016, μ=1.591 mm^-1 and Dc=2.105 g/cm^3. The final R=0.0283 and wR=0.0912 for 3118 observed reflections （I〉20（I））. Compound 1 contains the β-[Mo8O26]^4-anion, sodium ion, 4,4＇-bpy and lattice crystalline water molecules. The β-[MosO26] units link the sodium ion to form a chain structure. The infinitechains of [Na（Mo8O26）]^3- blocks are surrounded by protonized 4,4＇-bpy cations, 4,4＇-bpy and lattice crystalline water molecules. The 2D-IR correlation spectroscopy study indicates that the stretching vibrations of Mo=O occur more preferentially due to the thermal effect. The TGA analysis shows that compound 1 has high thermal stability.

Study on the Hydrogen Bond Interaction Between Soy Protein Isolate and Glycerol Using Two-Dimensional Correlation Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

A series of soy protein isolate(SPI)films plasticized by glycerol(Gly)were studied using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR/FTIR).Perturbation-correlation movingwindow two-dimensional(PCMW2D)and two-dimensional correlation(2DCOS)analyses were applied to the amideⅠband and thus the hydrogen bond interaction between SPI and Gly was systematically investigated.When Gly concentrations were in the range 0~35%,the hydrogen bond amongβ-sheets was replaced by the one between SPI chain and Gly molecule,which caused these protein chains being changed toα-helix.However,the transformation ofβ-sheet toα-helix was saturated and both of them tend to change to random coil when Gly concentrations were in the range 35%~60%.

Application of Grey-correlated Spectral Region Selection in Analysis of Near-infrared Spectra

The optimal selection method of spectral region based on the grey correlation analysis was applied in the analysis of near-infrared（NIR） spectra. In order to compute ＂characteristic＂ spectral region, 160 samples of tobacco were surveyed by NIR. Next, the whole spectral region was randomly divided into six regions, and the values of association coefficients and correlation orders of different regions were computed for total sugar, reducing sugar and nicotine. Moreover, two regions that owned the largest value of association coefficient were regarded as ＂characteristic＂ spectral region of a model. Finally, the quantitative analysis models of different components were established via the partial least squares method, and the common selection methods of spectral region were compared. The simulation results indicate that the models to choose the spectral region based on grey correlation analysis are more effective than the common selection methods of spectral region, the optimized time of algorithm is shorter, the prediction precision of the models is higher and generalization ability for quantitative analysis results is stronger. This research can provide the support for the quantitative analysis models of NIR spectra and new idea for commercial analysis software of NIR. So, it has a high application value in the analysis of NIR spectra.

Solvent effects on infrared spectra of 2-methyl-4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-2H-pyridizine： Part 1. Single solvent systems

Infrared spectroscopy studies of 2-methyl-4,5-dirnethoxy-3-oxo-2H-pyridlzine (MDOP) in 12 pure organic solvents were undertaken to investigate the solvent-solute interactions. The frequencies of the carbonyl (C = O) of MDOP were correlated with solvent properties such as solvent acceptor number (AN) and the linear solvation energy relationships (LSER). These frequencies showed a good correlation with the solvent acceptor number (AN) and the LSER.

Generalized two-dimensional correlation near-infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis of the structures of methanol and ethanol

Liquid state methanol and ethanol under different temperatures have been investigated by FT-NIR(Fourier transform nearinfrared) spectroscopy,generalized two-dimensional(2D) correlation spectroscopy,and PCA(principal component analysis) . First,the FT-NIR spectra were measured over a temperature range of 30-64(or 30-71) °C,and then the 2D correlation spectra were computed.Combining near-infrared spectroscopy,generalized 2D correlation spectroscopy,and references,we analyzed the molecular structures(especially the hydrogen bond) of methanol and ethanol,and performed the NIR band assignments. The PCA method was employed to verify the results of the 2D analysis.This study will be helpful to the understanding of these reagents.

Docosahexaenoic Acid Ester Degradation Measured by FTIR-ATR with Correlation Spectroscopy

Highly unsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid and linolenic acid are prone to oxidation with a resulting loss of bioactivity and generation of malodorous degradation compounds. Degradation proceeds by formation of the corresponding hydroperoxyl free radical with subsequent oxidative cleavage at the double bond site. FTIR-ATR was used to detect degradation through spectral changes that were correlated to oxidative degradation. The spectrometer was equipped with a heated stage so that a series of spectra could be collected while the sample was exposed to elevated temperatures. The appearance of new bands at 972.8 cm﹣1, 2934 cm﹣1, and 3498 cm﹣1 with the disappearance of bands at 703.6 cm﹣1 and 3013 cm﹣1 were observed after heating and these spectral changes were evaluated by correlation spectroscopy analysis. These results provide a method to quickly detect the oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated fats. This approach is expected to be applied for the quality assessment of feed formulations fortified with omega-3 fatty acids.

Introducing a Novel Approach for Oil-Oil Correlation based on Asphaltene Structure: X-ray Diffraction

Asphaltenes have always been an attractive subject for researchers.However,the application of this fraction of the geochemical field has only been studied in a limited way.In other words,despite many studies on asphaltene structure,the application of asphaltene structures in organic geochemistry has not so far been assessed.Oil-oil correlation is a wellknown concept in geochemical studies and plays a vital role in basin modeling and the reconstruction of the burial history of basin sediments,as well as accurate characterization of the relevant petroleum system.This study aims to propose the Xray diffraction(XRD)technique as a novel method for oil-oil correlation and investigate its reliability and accuracy for different crude oils.To this end,13 crude oil samples from the Iranian sector of the Persian Gulf region,which had previously been correlated by traditional geochemical tools such as biomarker ratios and isotope values,in four distinct genetic groups,were selected and their asphaltene fractions analyzed by two prevalent methods of XRD and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).For oil-oil correlation assessment,various cross-plots,as well as principal component analysis(PCA),were conducted,based on the structural parameters of the studied asphaltenes.The results indicate that asphaltene structural parameters can also be used for oil-oil correlation purposes,their results being completely in accord with the previous classifications.The average values of distance between saturated portions(d_(r))and the distance between two aromatic layers(d_(m))of asphaltene molecules belonging to the studied oil samples are 4.69Aand 3.54A,respectively.Furthermore,the average diameter of the aromatic sheets(L_(a)),the height of the clusters(L_(c)),the number of carbons per aromatic unit(C_(au)),the number of aromatic rings per layer(R_(a)),the number of sheets in the cluster(M_(e))and aromaticity(f_(a))values of these asphaltene samples are 10.09A,34.04A,17.42A,3.78A,10.61Aand 0.26A,respectively.The results of XRD parameters indicate that plots of dr vs.d_(m),d_(r) vs.M_(e),d_(r) vs.f_(a),d_(m) vs.L_(c),L_(c) vs.L_(a),and f_(a) vs.L_(a) perform appropriately for distinguishing genetic groups.A comparison between XRD and FTIR results indicated that the XRD method is more accurate for this purpose.In addition,decision tree classification,one of the most efficacious approaches of machine learning,was employed for the geochemical groups of this study for the first time.This tree,which was constructed using XRD data,can distinguish genetic groups accurately and can also determine the characteristics of each geochemical group.In conclusion,the obtaining of structural parameters for asphaltene by the XRD technique is a novel,precise and inexpensive method,which can be deployed as a new approach for oil-oil correlation goals.The findings of this study can help in the prompt determination of genetic groups as a screening method and can also be useful for assessing oil samples affected by secondary processes.

基于反向比例解析的近红外光谱定量模型快速构建方法

为解决光谱漂移问题,该研究设计了一种基于反向比例解析的近红外光谱定量模型方法。以烟叶近红外光谱和烟碱含量为研究对象,将数据划分为训练集和测试集。通过计算训练集光谱与测试集光谱的相关性并按照高低排序,选择前20%的光谱,运用约束规划的方法,计算测试集的拟合系数,得到测试集光谱的估计值。结果显示,使用反向比例解析法建立的模型的平均绝对误差为0.3466,预测标准偏差为0.4252,相关系数为0.7932,优于PLS模型。反向光谱比例解析可以有效解决光谱漂移问题,实现烟草中烟碱含量的准确预测,为烟碱的有效测量提供参考。

基于光谱特征的多重金属离子与DOM结合特性

通过淬灭滴定实验,文章采用同步荧光光谱和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)结合二维相关光谱分析,探究Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)多重离子与溶解态有机质(DOM)结合特性。研究结果表明,(1)DOM与Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)结合稳定常数(lg KM)分别为4.75~5.18和3.71~4.12,Cu^(2+)与DOM的结合能力要强于Cd^(2+)。(2)Cd^(2+)浓度为0和100μmol/L时,DOM点位与Cu^(2+)的结合顺序均为430~500 nm>330~420 nm,且Cd^(2+)存在时Cu^(2+)与DOM的lg KM为4.56~4.95。对比结果表明Cd^(2+)的存在并未影响DOM点位与Cu^(2+)的结合顺序,但减弱了DOM与Cu^(2+)的结合能力。(3)FTIR结果表明,Cd^(2+)浓度为0和100μmol/L时DOM官能团与Cu^(2+)结合顺序依次为酚类C-O>酰胺N-H>酰胺C=O>羧基C=O>芳香族C-H>多糖C-O和酰胺N-H>酰胺C=O>酚类C-O>芳香族C-H>多糖C-O。Cd^(2+)与酚类C-O结合后影响了Cu^(2+)与DOM中酚类C-O和羧基C=O官能团的结合。水环境中多重金属离子共存时的生物有效性和生态风险应受到关注。

Solriamfetol的二维相关红外光谱分析

利用红外光谱及二维相关光谱进行了Solriamfetol进行了结构分析。检测Solriamfetol 20~150℃范围内(每隔5℃)的近红外光谱,结合红外光谱、二维相关光谱及相关文献,分析Solriamfetol分子内变化。观察分析了温度对Solriamfetol分子的羰基、脂肪胺基和酰胺基的氢键和自由基之间的影响,明确了因温度扰动,引起羰基氢键的断裂及变化规律,分析了胺基与酰胺氢键的不同,确定了不同分结构之间的变化先后顺序,并进行了红外峰的归属。联合使用二相关光谱,提高了Solriamfetol红外光谱的分辨率和可解释性。

Analysis and discrimination of ten different sponges by multi-step infrared spectroscopy

In this study,a convenient method using multi-step infrared spectroscopy,including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）,second derivative infrared spectroscopy（SD-IR） and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy（2DCOS-IR）,was employed to analyze and discriminate ten marine sponges from two classes collected from the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea.Each sponge had an exclusive macroscopic fingerprint.From the IR spectra,it was noted that the main ingredient of calcareous sponges was calcium carbonate,but that of demosponges was proteins.For sponges from the same genus or having highly similar chemical profile（IR spectral profile）,SD-IR and 2DCOS-IR were applied to successfully reveal the tiny differences.It was demonstrated that the multi-step infrared spectroscopy was a feasible and objective approach for marine sponge identification.

基于近红外光谱技术的南荻生物质品质快速分析

为快速分析洞庭湖南荻的生物质品质(可溶物、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、灰分含量和纤维素结晶度、聚合度),以采集的126份种质资源为材料,分别采用2种光谱预处理方法和3种特征光谱筛选方法优化原始光谱,基于不同组合方式优化光谱及原始光谱,结合偏最小二乘法构建近红外光谱分析模型,筛选针对7个品质指标的双重优化模型,基于灰色关联度法对126份种质资源进行工业化潜力评估。结果表明:洞庭湖南荻可溶物、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、灰分含量及纤维素结晶度、聚合度均存在丰富的多样性,且大致呈正态分布,符合近红外建模的要求;基于直接差分法(DD)结合竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)优化的PLS模型对南荻可溶物含量的预测结果表现优异,其校正集的均方根误差(RMSEC)为0.27,决定系数(R_(C)^(2))为0.99;交叉验证集的均方根误差(RMSECV)为0.77,决定系数(R^(2)_(CV))为0.97,预测集的相对分析误差为5.07,相关系数(R_(V)^(2))为0.88;基于DD结合变量组合集群分析混合迭代保留信息变量(VCPA–IRIV)优化的PLS模型在南荻的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、灰分含量和结晶度、聚合度的预测中表现优异,模型的RMSEC为0.14~10.20,R_(C)^(2)为0.98~0.99,RMSECV为0.28~19.46,R^(2)_(CV)为0.94~0.98,R_(V)^(2)为0.87~0.98,相对分析误差(RPD)为4.84~15.65;表明基于双重优化光谱子集建立的近红外光谱模型能较好地预测南荻的生物质品质,且具有较高的稳定性;通过灰色关联度法对126份南荻种质资源进行评估,发现126个样本的工业化利用潜力分数大致呈正态分布,其利用潜力分数的均值为54.4,一级种质资源4个,二级种质资源40个,三级种质资源63个,四级种质资源14个,五级种质资源5个。

土壤有机质可见-近红外反射光谱特性研究

为优化土壤有机质含量预测模型运算速度,以50份土壤有机质为例,利用Pearson相关系数分析法对土壤有机质的特征波段进行提炼筛选。结果表明,土壤样品的反射光谱与土壤有机质含量在555~662 nm波段范围内呈较强负相关,显著特征波段为601 nm;经过不同预处理后的土壤反射光谱与土壤有机质含量呈较强的相关性,显著特征波段增加,主要体现在601、1221、1410、1665、1880、2110、2200 nm波段附近。对不同土壤含水率的反射光谱与土壤有机质含量之间的Pearson相关曲线进行分析发现,显著特征波段主要体现在601、1450、1930、2200 nm波段附近,随着土壤含水率的增加,土壤有机质的特征波段601 nm的相关性逐渐减弱,土壤水分的特征波段1450、1930、2200 nm的相关性逐渐加强;土壤含水率超过10%,土壤反射光谱与土壤有机质含量呈正相关。研究获取的土壤有机质特征波段和土壤水分影响波段,为土壤有机质快速检测模型的建立提供理论支撑。

基于光谱特征的pH对溶解态有机质与铜相互作用的影响研究

环境条件的变化能够影响和改变溶解态有机质(DOM)的组成结构及化学特征,进而影响其生物地球化学循环过程。采用同步荧光光谱、三维荧光光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),结合二维相关光谱分析方法,研究了pH条件变化对DOM特性及其与Cu^(2+)相互作用的影响。结果表明,(1)随着pH值由5逐渐升高至10,DOM不同组分的荧光强度显著增强,其中类腐殖酸组分变化最显著,类富里酸组分变化最优先,这是由于pH的变化引起的醛酮、酚基、羧基等相关基团暴露导致的。(2)荧光光谱二维相关分析表明,pH的改变能够显著地影响DOM不同组分与Cu^(2+)的结合能力,但并不能影响其结合顺序。三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析共解析出3个荧光组分,荧光组分的淬灭曲线非线性拟合结果更是定量验证了这一结果。(3)FTIR结果表明高pH条件下DOM与Cu^(2+)结合点位更多,结合强度更强。pH 5和pH 10条件下DOM官能团与Cu^(2+)的结合顺序分别依次为:多糖C—O>酚基>醛酮CO>芳香族C—H和多糖C—O>酰胺Ⅱ带C—N>酚基>脂肪族C—H>醛酮CO>羧基C—OH>芳香族C—H>羧基CO。荧光光谱和FTIR的异谱二维相关分析进一步表明Cu^(2+)与DOM类腐殖酸组分的相互作用滞后于酚基和芳基等基团。

13个紫花苜蓿品种在沧州盐碱地的生产性能和营养价值

为筛选出适合沧州盐碱地种植及营养价值高的紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种,本研究以13个紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,连续4年(2018-2021年)观测其茎叶比、株高和干草产量,并应用近红外光谱技术测定分析9个营养性状指标。结果表明:‘WL363HQ’的叶量丰富,茎叶比最低;‘WL298HQ’的株高平均值最大,但与‘MF4020’‘中苜3号’和‘耐盐之星’之间差异不显著(P>0.05);‘中苜3号’干草产量最高,4年平均值为14092.65 kg·hm^(−2),粗蛋白、粗灰分、磷和干物质体外30h消化率在参试品种中也最高,分别为26.57%、10.43%、0.44%和81.98%;‘康赛’的粗脂肪和钙含量最高,分别为2.33%和1.96%,酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量最低,分别为27.93%和33.20%;‘耐盐之星’的可消化中性洗涤纤维体外30 h消化率最高,为24.46%。‘MF4020’各项指标均处于中等水平。灰色关联度综合评价结果表明,‘中苜3号’‘康赛’和‘MF4020’表现优异,适宜在河北沧州盐碱地区推广种植。

二维相关光谱法及其在蛋白类物质分析中的研究进展

二维相关光谱法是将特定形式的微扰作用于样品,通过测定一系列扰动作用下的动态光谱,结合数学相关分析,获取与样品中分子结构及作用力相关的二维相关谱特征。该方法主要基于分子振动光谱,将一维光谱扩展到二维空间,能有效提高光谱分辨率,从而识别原始光谱中重叠的分子振动变化特征,为研究分子内及分子间的化学键变化提供依据,在生物医学、药学、食品科学、环境科学以及高分子材料等领域应用广泛。自1986年Noda提出广义二维相关算法以来,二维相关光谱衍生出了投影二维相关、串联二维相关、基于模型的二维相关、异质谱二维相关、移动窗口二维相关等算法。随着近年来生物技术的迅速发展,多肽、蛋白质、酶等蛋白类物质由于参与人体重要生理化学反应过程,对其结构(尤其是高级构象)的分析是研究蛋白类物质质量及疗效的关键。二维相关光谱方法为生物医药中蛋白类物质结构研究提供了快速、无损的定性定量分析方法,可分析蛋白质类物质高级结构中的细微变化,为生物大分子药物机制机理研究提供有力的支撑。综述了二维相关光谱技术的基本原理、谱图解析方法和技术进展,以及其在蛋白类物质分析中的应用方向和前景,为相关领域研究人员应用二维相关光谱法开展蛋白类物质的结构和分子间相互作用等研究提供参考。

基于双光谱二维相关谱的葡萄糖溶液温度扰动分析方法研究

在近红外光谱分析应用中,温度扰动导致的光谱变化对于定量分析的准确度影响较大。针对温度扰动识别及定量分析的需要,研究了基于双光谱二维相关谱(2T2D-COS)的光谱扰动分析方法。选择葡萄糖水溶液为样本,根据人体血糖浓度范围和在体组织温度范围设计实验,测量样本在浓度扰动和温度扰动下的透射光谱。对其进行基线校正和滤波预处理后,通过2T2D-COS分析得到浓度扰动和温度扰动下的异步谱。结果表明,温度扰动引起的交叉峰出现在强氢键结合水对应的特征吸收波长(1474 nm)和弱氢键结合水对应的特征吸收波长(1410 nm)附近,而葡萄糖浓度扰动引起的交叉峰出现在水分子对应的特征吸收波长(1450 nm)和葡萄糖分子对应的特征吸收波长(1595 nm)附近。为了定量分析样品温度,进一步提取了温度扰动异步谱交叉峰1410 nm波长下的切片谱,其在1410~1600 nm波段的相关峰强度随温度的升高而增大,与样品温度之间具有较好的相关性;选择波长(1475±4)nm范围内的切片谱,对谱峰强度积分后进行线性拟合,建立样品温度的线性回归模型,对温度的预测均方根误差可以达到0.1259℃。以上结果表明,双光谱二维相关谱只需要对两条光谱进行运算,就可以通过异步谱中交叉峰的位置判别扰动来源,还可以根据交叉峰的强度对温度进行定量分析,且只需要较窄特征波段的光谱就可以建立高精度的温度预测模型,为简化在体光谱测量系统的设计,减少在体温度变化的影响提供了重要参考。

基于二维相关近红外光谱的老陈醋醋龄鉴别

采用二维相关近红外光谱技术与判别分析(DA)方法相结合鉴别不同醋龄的老陈醋样品。选取5个醋龄共100个老陈醋样品,在室温下采集所有样品的一维近红外光谱。以醋龄作为外扰因素,构建各样品在1001~1830 nm波段范围的二维相关同步谱和异步谱,分析其二维相关谱图的光谱特征。基于二维相关同步谱的对角线数据(即自相关谱),建立不同醋龄老陈醋样品的判别分析模型,模型校正集的识别准确率为97.3%,预测集识别准确率为96%。研究结果表明,所提出的方法可提供随醋龄变化的更多光谱特征信息,为老陈醋醋龄快速鉴别提供一种精度高的分类模型。

不同生长阶段银杏叶片的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

银杏叶具有很高的药用价值,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术对银杏叶片的幼叶、成叶、老叶和落叶进行研究,光谱结果表明在银杏叶片生长过程中,黄酮类化合物、蛋白质及糖类的含量均存在差异,且可以利用二维相关光谱快速准确地区别出叶片的生长阶段。

耐盐希瓦氏菌异化还原铁过程中胞外聚合物的光谱分析

微生物的生长代谢往往受盐度的影响,因此筛选出耐盐性强的菌株对含盐废水的生物处理意义重大。选取一株从海洋分离具备耐盐异化金属还原的功能细菌(DMRB)——耐盐希瓦氏菌(Shewanella aquimarina XMS-1)作为研究对象,探究盐度对XMS-1还原Fe^(3+)过程及胞外聚合物变化的影响。考察了不同盐度下XMS-1的Fe^(3+)还原能力和胞外聚合物(EPS)的含量,并采用三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman spectra)、红外光谱(FTIR)及其对应的二维相关光谱(2D-COS)分析了XMS-1还原Fe^(3+)过程中EPS的变化。结果表明,蛋白为XMS-1 EPS中主要物质,占EPS含量的80%以上,多糖的含量相对较少,3%盐度条件下会促进XMS-1的EPS产量,表明XMS-1在高盐环境中会分泌更多的EPS来保护细胞进行正常的生理活动。Fe^(3+)还原过程在盐度为1%~4%时得到促进,而在盐度高于5%时则受到抑制,过高盐度会抑制XMS-1的生长,导致Fe^(3+)还原率下降,其中3%盐度下Fe^(3+)还原率最高可达44.1%,相对于对照组增加了2.18倍。FTIR和Raman光谱结果显示XMS-1 EPS中含有羧基、羟基、氨基和羰基等金属离子氧化还原功能基团,其中3%盐度下EPS中蛋白酰胺类和多糖类代表峰增强,蛋白酰胺类代表峰变化显著,含O-和N-基团参与了Fe^(3+)还原过程。此外3D-EEM结果显示,Fe^(3+)还原过程结束后,EPS中色氨酸和酪氨酸两种荧光组分强度均下降,结合2D-COS光谱结果分析,发现色氨酸类蛋白在Fe^(3+)还原过程中先发生了显著变化,表明这两种荧光组分参与了Fe^(3+)的还原过程,其中色氨酸类蛋白在还原过程中作用更强。本研究不仅丰富了对耐盐菌EPS胞外电子转移过程的认识,也突出了EPS在自然环境中铁氧化还原转化的意义。