Surface Topography of Fine-grained ZrO_2 Ceramic by Two-dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding

The surface quality of fine-grained ZrO2 engineering ceramic were researched using 270# diamond wheel both with and without work-piece two-dimension ultrasonic vibration grinding（WTDUVG）. By AFM images, the surface topography and the micro structure of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration grinding ceramics were especially analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the surface roughness is related to grinding vibration mode and the material removal mechanism. Surface quality of WTDUVG is superior to that of conventional grinding, and it is easy for two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration grinding that material removal mechanism is ductile mode grinding.

Research on Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding of the Hard and Brittle Materials

It is well known that grinding techniques are main methods to machine hard and brittle materials such as engineering ceramics. But the conventional grinding has many shortcomings such as poorer surface finish, quicker wear and tear of grinding tools, lower efficiency and so on. Ultrasonic vibration grinding （UVG） which combines ultrasonic machining and grinding emerged as a developing and promising technique in recent years. In this paper, experimental studies on UVG were conducted on several kinds of hard and brittle material by altering processing parameters such as vibration frequency and its amplitude, diamond abrasive grit size, cutting depth, feeding speed and rotary speed of tools. The experimental results show that alteration in any of above mentioned parameters will bring effects on the processed surface finish of these materials. Of them, the diamond abrasive grit size has the greatest. Moreover, conventional grinding experiments were also carried out on these materials. By comparison, it was found that the UVG is superior to the conventional method in terms of the ground surface quality, the working efficiency and the wear rate of tools.

Comprehensive modeling approach of axial ultrasonic vibration grinding force

The theoretical model of axial ultrasonic vibration grinding force is built on the basis of a mathematical model of cutting deforming force deduced from the assumptions of thickness of the undeformed debris under Rayleigh distribution and a mathematical model of friction based on the theoretical analysis of relative sliding velocity of abrasive and workpiece. Then, the coefficients of the ultrasonic vibration grinding force model are calculated through analysis of nonlinear regression of the theoretical model by using MATLAB, and the law of influence of grinding depth, workpiece speed, frequency and amplitude of the mill on the grinding force is summarized after applying the model to analyze the ultrasonic grinding force. The result of the above-mentioned law shows that the grinding force decreases as frequency and amplitude increase, while increases as grinding depth and workpiece speed increase; the maximum relative error of prediction and experimental values of the normal grinding force is 11.47% and its average relative error is 5.41%; the maximum relative error of the tangential grinding force is 10.14% and its average relative error is 4.29%. The result of employing regression equation to predict ultrasonic grinding force approximates to the experimental data, therefore the accuracy and reliability of the model is verified.

Separate critical condition for ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding

Separate characteristic of the tangential ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding (TUAG) machining is analyzed based on TUAG process, and a critical speed formula is given to correctly set the machining parameters to insure the separate characteristics of TUAG process. The critical speed is not only related to the ultrasonic vibration amplitude and frequency, but also to the grinding wheel velocity and the cutting point space, and the grinding force can be decreased during the TUAG process with separability. Grinding force experiments are conducted, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results.

Experimental Studies on Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding of the Workpiece Made from Fine-crystalline Zirconia Ceramics

The performances of fme-crystalline zirconia ceramics in workpiece ultrasonic vibration grinding （WUVG） and conventional grinding （CG） with diamond wheel were researched. The effects of WUVG and CG on material removal rate, grinding forces, surface roughness and microstructure of zirconia ceramic were investigated. Experimental results indicated that： （1） The material removal rate （MRR） in ultrasonic grinding process is two times as large as that of in conventional grinding. The material removal rate increases with increasing grinding depth in both ultrasonic grinding and conventional grinding. （2） The ultrasonic vibration grinding force is lower than that of conventional grinding force, and the increase of the worktable speed leads to a decrease of the grinding force, while the grinding force increases with larger grinding depth in both WUVG and CG. （3） The surface of ultrasonic vibration grinding has no spur and build-up edge and its surface roughness is smaller than that of CG significantly. Surface quality of WUVG is superior to that of conventional grinding, it is easy for ultrasonic vibration grinding that material removal mechanism is ductile grinding.

Research on product size and grinding dynamics of vibration mills

In order to improve vibration mills grinding effect and increase productive efficiency, prime factors of vibration mills were gained much attention. The purpose of this study is to reveal product size distribution and grinding dynamics of vibration mills by orthogonal experi-ments. The metallurgical refractory materials were used as research object. In order to explore the relationships between grinding effect and primary factors, lots of milling experiments were carried out. Based on the results, the conclusions can be summarized： as time runs, the size distri-bution shows exponential trend, and range becomes more and more narrow. Also the quantitative analysis result between grinding effect and primary factors was obtained by non-linear regres-sion： high frequency, high amplitude and low fill ratio can increase grinding speed.

Prediction of undeformed chip thickness distribution and surface roughness in ultrasonic vibration grinding of inner hole of bearings

Ultrasonic vibration grinding differs from traditional grinding in terms of its material removal mechanism.The randomness of grain-workpiece interaction in ultrasonic vibration grinding can produce variable chips and impact the surface roughness of workpiece.However,previous studies used iterative method to calculate the unformed chip thickness(UCT),which has low computational efficiency.In this study,a symbolic difference method is proposed to calculate the UCT.The UCT distributions are obtained to describe the stochastic interaction characteristics of ultrasonic grinding process.Meanwhile,the UCT distribution characteristics under different machining parameters are analyzed.Then,a surface roughness prediction model is established based on the UCT distribution.Finally,the correctness of the model is verified by experiments.This study provides a quick and accurate method for predicting surface roughness in longitudinal ultrasonic vibration grinding.

MECHANICAL-ELECTRIC COUPLING DYNAMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ULTRA-HIGH SPEED GRINDING MOTORIZED SPINDLE SYSTEM

On the basis of the traditional mechanical model of a grinding wheel rotor and the mechanical-electric coupling model with ideal sinusoidal supply, taking high-frequency converting current of inverter power switches into further consideration, a modified mechanical-electric coupling model is created. The created model consists of an inverter, a motorized spindle, a grinding wheel and grinding loads. Some typical non-stationary processes of the grinding system with two different supplies, including the starting, the speed rising and the break in grinding loads, are compared by making use of the created model. One supply is an ideal sinusoidal voltage source, the other is an inverter. The theoretical analysis of the high-order harmonic is also compared with the experimental result. The material strategy of suppressing high-order harmonic mechanical-electric coupling vibration by optimizing inverter operating parameters is proposed.

Understanding of Ultrasonic Assisted Machining with Diamond Grinding Tool

In this work, machining test was carried out in various machining conditions using ultrasonic vibration capable CNC machine. For work material, alumina ceramic (Al2O3) was used while for tool material diamond electroplated grinding wheel was used. To evaluate ultrasonic vibration effect, grinding test was performed with and without ultrasonic vibration in same machining condition. In ultrasonic mode, ultrasonic vibration of 20 kHz was generated by HSK 63 ultrasonic actuator. On the other hand, grinding forces were measured by KISTLER dynamometer. And an optimal sampling rate for grinding force measurement was obtained by a signal processing and frequency analysis. The surface roughness of the ceramic was also measured by using stylus type surface roughness instrument and atomic force microscope (AFM). Besides, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for observation of surface integrality.

Machinability of ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-grinding in biological bone using nanolubricant

Bone grinding is an essential and vital procedure in most surgical operations.Currently,the insufficient cooling capacity of dry grinding,poor visibility of drip irrigation surgery area,and large grinding force leading to high grinding temperature are the technical bottlenecks of micro-grinding.A new micro-grinding process called ultrasonic vibration-assisted nanoparticle jet mist cooling(U-NJMC)is innovatively proposed to solve the technical problem.It combines the advantages of ultrasonic vibration(UV)and nanoparticle jet mist cooling(NJMC).Notwithstanding,the combined effect of multi parameter collaborative of U-NJMC on cooling has not been investigated.The grinding force,friction coefficient,specific grinding energy,and grinding temperature under dry,drip irrigation,UV,minimum quantity lubrication(MQL),NJMC,and U-NJMC micro-grinding were compared and analyzed.Results showed that the minimum normal grinding force and tangential grinding force of U-NJMC micro-grinding were 1.39 and 0.32 N,which were 75.1%and 82.9%less than those in dry grinding,respectively.The minimum friction coefficient and specific grinding energy were achieved using U-NJMC.Compared with dry,drip,UV,MQL,and NJMC grinding,the friction coefficient of U-NJMC was decreased by 31.3%,17.0%,19.0%,9.8%,and 12.5%,respectively,and the specific grinding energy was decreased by 83.0%,72.7%,77.8%,52.3%,and 64.7%,respectively.Compared with UV or NJMC alone,the grinding temperature of U-NJMC was decreased by 33.5%and 10.0%,respectively.These results showed that U-NJMC provides a novel approach for clinical surgical micro-grinding of biological bone.

Fault Diagnosis of Cylindrical Grinding Machine

Based on experiment modal analysis(EMA) and operation modal analysis(OMA), the dynamic characteristics of cylindrical grinding machine were measured and provided a basis for further failure analysis.The influences of grinding parameters on dynamic characteristics were studied by analyzing the diagnostic signals extracted from racing and grinding experiments.The significant frequency of 38 Hz related to grinding wheel spindle speed of 2 307 r/min showed that the wheel spindle system was in a state of imbalan...

Vibration characteristics and machining performance of a novel perforated ultrasonic vibration platform in the grinding of particulate-reinforced titanium matrix composites

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding(UVAG)is an advanced hybrid process for the precision machining of difficult-to-cut materials.The resonator is a critical part of the UVAG system.Its performance considerably influences the vibration amplitude and resonant frequency.In this work,a novel perforated ultrasonic vibration platform resonator was developed for UVAG.The holes were evenly arranged at the top and side surfaces of the vibration platform to improve the vibration characteristics.A modified apparent elasticity method(AEM)was proposed to reveal the influence of holes on the vibration mode.The performance of the vibration platform was evaluated by the vibration tests and UVAG experiments of particulate-reinforced titanium matrix composites.Results indicate that the reasonable distribution of holes helps improve the resonant frequency and vibration mode.The modified AEM,the finite element method,and the vibration tests show a high degree of consistency for developing the perforated ultrasonic vibration platform with a maximum frequency error of 3%.The employment of ultrasonic vibration reduces the grinding force by 36%at most,thereby decreasing the machined surface defects,such as voids,cracks,and burnout.

超声振动辅助研磨SiCp/Al材料去除特性的研究

SiCp/Al因具有高强度,低密度,高耐磨性等优点被应用在许多领域,如航空航天,汽车和电子领域等。但SiCp/Al是典型的难加工材料,在研磨过程中极易造成表面损伤,从而影响工件的表面精度和材料去除率。基于金属基复合材料的研磨去除机理,建立有限元仿真模型。仿真模拟超声去除SiCp/Al的表面损伤形式、颗粒的破碎方式与材料去除过程。通过超声振动辅助研磨SiCp/Al实验可知,超声振动能够有效降低表面粗糙度。材料去除率随主轴转速和研磨深度的增加而增大,随进给速度的增加而减小。

三维超声振动辅助铣磨氧化锆陶瓷的试验研究

分析了三维超声振动辅助铣磨(Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Grinding,UAG)中单颗磨粒的运动学,采用自主搭建的三维超声振动辅助铣磨加工系统,对氧化锆陶瓷进行超声振动辅助铣磨加工试验.在不同超声辅助条件下,对比铣磨氧化锆陶瓷的法向铣磨力、表面粗糙度和工件表面形貌,研究不同加工参数对三维UAG加工过程的影响规律以及三维超声对铣磨过程的影响.研究结果表明,铣磨氧化锆陶瓷时,法向铣磨力随超声辅助加工维度的增加而减小,三维UAG加工可有效降低其铣磨负荷,且加工参数对法向铣磨力降低幅度的影响最小;法向铣磨力降低幅度随进给速度与切削深度的增大而减小,随主轴转速的增大而增大.氧化锆陶瓷工件的表面粗糙度随超声辅助加工维度的增加而降低,表面形貌逐渐呈现更多的塑性划痕,加工参数对三维UAG加工表面粗糙度的影响最小.由此可见,三维UAG加工中,单颗磨粒切削轨迹长度的增大有利于其切削厚度减小,从而降低铣磨力并改善加工表面质量.

超声振动辅助磨削CFRP复合材料薄管撕裂损伤研究

针对碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)薄管超声振动辅助磨削过程中存在撕裂损伤且形成原因不明确的问题,通过对M55J和T300复合材料薄管开展超声振动辅助磨削试验,探究了超声振幅、进给量及主轴转速对磨削力和撕裂尺寸的影响规律,通过对磨削过程的受力分析和对最大未变形切屑厚度的计算,分析了撕裂位置的形成原因和撕裂尺寸的变化规律。结果表明:磨削力随超声振幅的增大而减小,随进给量的增大而增大,与主轴转速的关联性较小;撕裂易出现于CFRP薄管内壁,其长度与高度随超声振幅的增大而减小,随进给量的增大而增大,随主轴转速的增大而减小。

小半径曲线上P75钢轨打磨廓形设计及应用研究

以国内某重载铁路R400 m曲线P75钢轨为研究对象,建立了轮轨接触模型和轮径差曲线描述模型,选取代表性车轮踏面和钢轨廓形,采用轮径差曲线逆向求解法优化了轮轨接触区域钢轨廓形,并依据打磨量最小化原则设计得到了曲线钢轨打磨廓形。建立了实测参数下的车辆-轨道多体动力学仿真模型,对比分析了实测廓形和设计廓形匹配下的动力学指标。按钢轨廓形设计要求,在该R400 m曲线上实施了钢轨打磨试验和轮轨动力学测试。研究结果表明,优化后轮径差曲线趋于平滑,车辆曲线通过能力得到提高,抗脱轨能力得到保持;轮轨关系得到显著改善、轮轨接触点交叉跳跃和集中问题得到缓解;轮轨横向力减小20%以上,脱轨系数减小16%以上,钢轨法向接触应力减小32%以上,轮轨蠕滑力减小26%以上;实施打磨后,轮轨横向力减小34%以上,脱轨系数减小35%以上,钢轨振动加速度减小35%以上;打磨后3个月轨面疲劳伤损未见明显发展,钢轨使用寿命由前一换轨周期的8个月延长至13.5个月。仿真分析和打磨试验验证了钢轨廓形设计方法在重载铁路小半径曲线的应用效果。

陶瓷基复合材料超声振动辅助加工技术研究现状

陶瓷基复合材料具有高硬度、高强度、高耐磨性和耐腐蚀性等一系列优点,在航空航天、特种防护等领域具有极大的应用前景,同时陶瓷基复合材料的高精度高效率加工依靠传统机械生产方式难以实现。超声振动辅助加工技术在陶瓷基复合材料的深小孔、薄壁和复杂型面加工等领域应用日益广泛,并形成了特有的行业体系,是精密、超精密制造领域发展的重要方向。针对近年来陶瓷基复合材料的超声振动辅助加工技术的发展状况,概述了陶瓷基复合材料和超声振动系统的研究现状,系统介绍了陶瓷基复合材料加工领域超声振动辅助磨削、钻削以及旋转超声加工和微细超声加工的应用和研究现状,并对超声振动辅助加工技术的应用趋势进行了总结和展望。

考虑砂轮振动的磨削表面形貌数值建模与仿真

文中提出考虑砂轮振动的磨削表面形貌数值建模方法,可为封严涂层及其他零部件磨削前的砂轮动平衡提供技术支持,提高表面磨削质量。首先,基于砂轮磨粒凸出高度服从正态分布构建砂轮的数值模型;其次,对砂轮表面和工件表面进行离散化处理,考虑砂轮振动条件下,推导出砂轮上任意一颗磨粒在全局坐标系下的运动轨迹方程;最后,通过编译MATLAB程序,实现了砂轮振动条件下的磨削表面形貌数值仿真。在此基础上,探究了磨削表面形貌随振动振幅和频率改变而产生的变化规律。仿真结果表明:砂轮振动振幅越大,工件表面轮廓峰顶至谷底的距离越大,会增大工件表面粗糙度,但是相邻两个表面轮廓峰值之间的距离波动很小,其受振动振幅的影响不大;随着砂轮振动频率的升高,相邻两个表面轮廓峰值之间的距离越小,工件表面波纹度越小,有助于改善磨削表面质量。

基于灰色关联分析方法和熵权法的纵扭超声振动螺旋磨削制孔工艺参数优化

为优化纵扭超声振动辅助螺旋磨削制孔工艺参数和提高加工性能,以氧化锆陶瓷为研究对象,选取螺距、螺旋进给速度、主轴转速和超声振幅为工艺参数,设计了四因素三水平正交试验,并测量其磨削力、孔壁表面粗糙度和孔底表面粗糙度;借助灰色关联分析方法和熵权法得到最优工艺参数为螺距3.5μm,螺旋进给速度875mm/min,主轴转速20000r/min,超声振幅6μm;螺距、超声振幅、主轴转速、螺旋进给速度对灰色关联度的影响程度依次降低。建立了灰色关联度、目标参数与工艺参数的经验预测模型,得到最优工艺参数为螺距3.0μm,螺旋进给速度875mm/min,主轴转速22000r/min,超声振幅6μm;孔壁和孔底的表面粗糙度分别为0.12789μm和0.38137μm,磨削力为9.482N,且关联度略优于正交试验最大关联度。

Vibration-assisted material damage mechanism:From indentation cracks to scratch cracks

Vibration-assisted grinding is one of the most promising technologies for manufacturing optical components due to its efficiency and quality advantages.However,the damage and crack propagation mechanisms of materials in vibration-assisted grinding are not well understood.In order to elucidate the mechanism of abrasive scratching during vibration-assisted grinding,a kinematic model of vibration scratching was developed.The influence of process parameters on the evolution of vibration scratches to indentation or straight scratches is revealed by displacement metrics and velocity metrics.Indentation,scratch and vibration scratch experiments were performed on quartz glass,and the results showed that the vibration scratch cracks are a combination of indentation cracks and scratch cracks.Vibration scratch cracks change from indentation cracks to scratch cracks as the indenter moves from the entrance to the exit of the workpiece or as the vibration frequency changes from high to low.A vertical vibration scratch stress field model is established for the first time,which reveals that the maximum principal stress and tensile stress distribution is the fundamental cause for inducing the transformation of the vibration scratch cracking system.This model provides a theoretical basis for understanding of the mechanism of material damage and crack propagation during vibration-assisted grinding.