Application of Two-Dimensional Correlation UV-Vis Spectroscopy in Chinese Liquor Moutai Discrimination

Chinese liquor Moutai is the “National alcoholic drink” in China and plays a very important role of social activities in Chinese people’s life. In pursuit of high profits, some illegal counterfeit Moutai liquors have begun to appear in the market. Therefore, it is an urgent need for new techniques to discriminate the genuine and counterfeit Moutai liquor. In this work, the conventional Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation UV-Vis spectroscopy are applied to obtain the UV-Vis characteristic of Moutai liquor and counterfeit one, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the conventional UV-Vis spectra of the genuine and counterfeit Moutai liquor are similar. However, the two-dimensional correlation UV-Vis spectra of them are different and this method would be applied to differentiate the counterfeit Moutai liquor from the genuine Moutai liquor. Compared with conventional methods, this novel method has the advantages of easy operation, simple instrumentation and direct recognition, which make it a potential tool in the fields of food safety.

Structure and Two-dimensional Correlation Infrared Spectroscopy Study of a New One-dimensional Chain Compound: (4,4’-Hbpy)_3[NaMo_8O_(26)](4,4’- bpy)_2(H_2O)_4 (bpy = Bipydine)

A novel compound, （4,4＇-Hbpy）3[NaMo8O26]（4,4＇-bpy）2（H2O）4 1 （bpy=bipydine）, was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that compound 1 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group C2/m with a=19.1921（5）, b=18.6931（6）, c=9.3821（3） A° β=104.8020（11）°, V=3254.22（17）A°^3 C50H51Mo8N10NaO30, Mr=2062.52, Z=2, F（000）=2016, μ=1.591 mm^-1 and Dc=2.105 g/cm^3. The final R=0.0283 and wR=0.0912 for 3118 observed reflections （I〉20（I））. Compound 1 contains the β-[Mo8O26]^4-anion, sodium ion, 4,4＇-bpy and lattice crystalline water molecules. The β-[MosO26] units link the sodium ion to form a chain structure. The infinitechains of [Na（Mo8O26）]^3- blocks are surrounded by protonized 4,4＇-bpy cations, 4,4＇-bpy and lattice crystalline water molecules. The 2D-IR correlation spectroscopy study indicates that the stretching vibrations of Mo=O occur more preferentially due to the thermal effect. The TGA analysis shows that compound 1 has high thermal stability.

Study on the Hydrogen Bond Interaction Between Soy Protein Isolate and Glycerol Using Two-Dimensional Correlation Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

A series of soy protein isolate(SPI)films plasticized by glycerol(Gly)were studied using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR/FTIR).Perturbation-correlation movingwindow two-dimensional(PCMW2D)and two-dimensional correlation(2DCOS)analyses were applied to the amideⅠband and thus the hydrogen bond interaction between SPI and Gly was systematically investigated.When Gly concentrations were in the range 0~35%,the hydrogen bond amongβ-sheets was replaced by the one between SPI chain and Gly molecule,which caused these protein chains being changed toα-helix.However,the transformation ofβ-sheet toα-helix was saturated and both of them tend to change to random coil when Gly concentrations were in the range 35%~60%.

Thermal Behavior and Crystal Transition of Biodegradable Poly(butylenes adipate)Revealed by Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy

In the present study,thermal behavior and crystal transition of pure poly(butylene adipate)(PBA)upon heating process were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy.To gain further insight into the thermal behavior alteration and the phase transition of PBA,we performed two-dimensional(2D)correlation analysis.We found thatβ-form PBA crystal undergoes not only the melting process but also crystal transition upon the heating process.

Evolution of Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy

A number of useful techniques associated with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy(2DCOS)to improve its performance and utility have been developed in the last 30years.Evolution of these 2DCOS techniques,including some of the very recent developments,is reviewed with examples.Topics include merged or modified asynchronous 2Dcorrelation spectrum,two-dimensional codistribution spectroscopy(2DCDS),Pareto scaling,and null-space projection treatment of spectral dataset.

Optical and electrical properties of two-dimensional anisotropic materials

Two-dimensional(2D) anisotropic materials, such as B-P, B-As, GeSe, GeAs, ReSe2, KP15 and their hybrid systems, exhibit unique crystal structures and extraordinary anisotropy. This review presents a comprehensive comparison of various 2D anisotropic crystals as well as relevant FETs and photodetectors, especially on their particular anisotropy in optical and electrical properties. First, the structure of typical 2D anisotropic crystal as well as the analysis of structural anisotropy is provided. Then, recent researches on anisotropic Raman spectra are reviewed. Particularly, a brief measurement principle of Raman spectra under three typical polarized measurement configurations is introduced. Finally, recent progress on the electrical and photoelectrical properties of FETs and polarization-sensitive photodetectors based on 2D anisotropic materials is summarized for the comparison between different 2D anisotropic materials. Beyond the high response speed, sensitivity and on/off ratio, these 2D anisotropic crystals exhibit highly conduction ratio and dichroic ratio which can be applied in terms of polarization sensors, polarization spectroscopy imaging, optical radar and remote sensing.

USING TWO-DIMENSIONAL TIME RESOLVED LIGHT SCATTERING TO STUDY THE CURE REACTION INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION PROCESS OF EPOXY-AMINE-POLYETHERSULFONE BLEND WITH SECONDARY PHASE SEPARATION

The generalized two-dimensional correlation analysis based on time-resolved light scattering patterns （2D TRLS） has been employed to study the phase separation process of an epoxy-amine-polyethersulfone blend in which the secondary phase separation takes place. The results of the 2D TRLS provided more detailed information that was not readily observed in the 1D TRLS patterns. （i） During the first process of phase separation, the sequential order of coarsening in size of the domains among the larger and smaller ones has been reversed between the diffusion regime and the hydrodynamic regime. （ii） The change of the larger domains in size, due to the hydrodynamic flow in the late stage of the first phase separation process, keeps on taking place earlier than that of the new domains appeared in the secondary phase separation process. （iii） During the secondary phase separation process the size growth of the smaller domains takes place earlier than that of the larger ones, probably due to the assumption that the coarsening mode could decrease the interface tension more quickly.

In-plane optical anisotropy of two-dimensional VOCl single crystal with weak interlayer interaction

Transition-metal oxyhalides MOX(M=Fe,Cr,V;O=oxygen,X=F,Cl,Br,I),an emerging type of two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals materials,have been both theoretically and experimentally demonstrated to possess unique electronic and magnetic properties.However,the intrinsic in-plane anisotropic properties of 2D VOCl still lacks in-depth re-search,especially optical anisotropy.Herein,a systematic Raman spectroscopic study is performed on VOCl single-crystal with different incident laser polarization at various temperatures.The polarized-dependent Raman scattering spectra reveal that the Ag mode of VOCl show a 2-lobed shape in parallel polarization configuration while a 4-lobed shape in vertical configuration.In addition,the temperature-dependent and thickness-dependent Raman scattering spectra confirm a rela-tively weak van der Waals interaction between each layers among VOCl single crystal.These findings might provide better understanding on the in-plane anisotropic phenomenon in VOCl layers,thus will accelate further application of 2D single crystals for nanoscale angle-dependent optoelectronics.

Weak value amplification via second-order correlated technique

We propose a new framework combining weak measurement and second-order correlated technique. The theoretical analysis shows that weak value amplification （WVA） experiment can also be implemented by a second-order correlated system. We then build two-dimensional second-order correlated function patterns for achieving higher amplification factor and discuss the signal-to-noise ratio influence. Several advantages can be obtained by our proposal. For instance, detectors with high resolution are not necessary. Moreover, detectors with low saturation intensity are available in WVA setup. Finally, type-one technical noise can be effectively suppressed.

TDSC-Net:一种基于注意力机制与特征融合的二维恒星光谱分类模型

面对信噪比较低的天体,传统一维光谱的分类效果很差。因此,从二维光谱出发,提出了结合注意力机制的特征融合模型TDSC-Net(two-dimensional spectra classification network)用于恒星分类。TDSC-Net通过完全相同的特征提取层分别对恒星蓝端和红端的二维光谱图像进行特征提取,之后针对这些特征进行融合,然后进行分类。本文实验中的恒星光谱数据选自LAMOST(the large sky area multi-object fiber spectroscopic telescope)数据库,预处理采用Z-score进行光谱归一化,以减少由于光谱流量值差别大造成的模型收敛困难问题。使用精确率(Precision)、召回率(Recall)、F1-score和准确率(Accuracy)四个指标来评估模型性能。实验包括:第一部分利用TDSC-Net进行A、F、G、K、M型恒星分类,以验证利用二维光谱对恒星多分类的可靠性;第二部分将二维光谱按照不同的信噪比区间进行分类,以探究信噪比对分类准确率的影响。第一部分的结果表明,进行五分类总的准确率达到84.3%。其中,A、F、G、K、M各自的分类精度分别为87.0%,84.6%,81.2%,87.4%,89.7%,均优于自行抽谱后的一维光谱分类结果。第二部分的结果表明,即使在SNR<30的低信噪比区间,二维光谱分类准确率仍然可以达到78.9%;而当SNR>30之后,信噪比对光谱分类的影响就不明显了。由此证明了低信噪比时使用二维光谱分类的重要性以及TDSC-Net对恒星光谱分类的有效性。

Atomscopic of ripple origins for two-dimensional monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides

During the development of ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)materials,the appearance of ripples has been widely observed.However,the formation mechanisms and their influences are still rarely investigated,especially their contributions to the electronic structures and optical properties.To compensate for the knowledge gap,we have carried out comprehensive theoretical studies on the monolayer WSe_(2) with a series of ripple structures from 0 to 12Åin different lattice sizes.The sensitivity of the formation energy,band structures,electronic structures,and optical properties to the ripple structures have been performed systematically for the first time.The formation of ripples in Armchair and zigzag simultaneously are more energetically favorable,leading to more flexible optimizations of the optoelectronic properties.The improved charge-locking effect and extension of absorption ranges indicate the significant role of ripple structures.The spontaneous formation of ripples is associated with orbital rearrangements and structural distortions.This leads to the unique charge carrier correlate inversion between W-5d and Se-4p orbitals,resulting in the pinning of the Fermi level.This work has supplied significant references to understand ultrathin 2D structures and benefit their future developments and applications in high-performance optoelectronic devices.

Field induced Chern insulating states in twisted monolayer–bilayer graphene

Unraveling the mechanism underlying topological phases, notably the Chern insulators(Ch Is) in strong correlated systems at the microscopy scale, has captivated significant research interest. Nonetheless, Ch Is harboring topological information have not always manifested themselves, owing to the constraints imposed by displacement fields in certain experimental configurations. In this study, we employ density-tuned scanning tunneling microscopy(DT-STM) to investigate the Ch Is in twisted monolayer–bilayer graphene(t MBG). At zero magnetic field, we observe correlated metallic states.While under a magnetic field, a metal–insulator transition happens and an integer Ch I is formed emanating from the filling index s = 3 with a Chern number C = 1. Our results underscore the pivotal role of magnetic fields as a powerful probe for elucidating topological phases in twisted Van der Waals heterostructures.

决明子饮片、标准汤剂、配方颗粒特征图谱的关联研究

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定决明子饮片、标准汤剂和配方颗粒特征图谱的方法并开展相似性研究。方法:采用Agilent TC C_(18)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)进行高效液相色谱分析,本次试验流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长为290 nm。以乙腈(A)-0.1%乙酸溶液(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,进样体积10μL。结果:15批决明子饮片、标准汤剂、配方颗粒中均呈现7个共有特征峰,其中指认出橙黄决明素、芦荟大黄素、大黄素、大黄酚4个成分。结论:决明子饮片、标准汤剂、配方颗粒中主要化学成分基本一致,特征图谱有较好的相似性,同时为决明子配方颗粒的质量控制提供参考依据。

Strong correlations in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides

Since the discovery of graphene,the development of two-dimensional material research has enabled the exploration of a rich variety of exotic quantum phenomena that are not accessible in bulk materials.These two-dimensional materials offer a unique platform to build novel quantum devices.Layered transition metal dichalcogenides,when thinned down to atomic thicknesses,exhibit intriguing physical properties such as strong electron correlations.The study of strongly-correlated phenomena in twodimensional transition metal dichalcogenides has been a major research frontier in condensed matter physics.In this article,we review recent progress on strongly-correlated phenomena in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides,including Mott insulators,quantum spin liquids,and Wigner crystals.These topics represent a rapidly developing research area,where tremendous opportunities exist in discovering exotic quantum phenomena,and in exploring their applications for future electronic devices.

Tracking the reactivity of ozonation towards effluent organic matters from WWTP using two-dimensional correlation spectra

The characteristics of effluent organic matter(EfOM) from a wastewater treatment plant(WWTP) during ozonation were investigated using excitation and emission matrix(EEM)spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and high-performance size exclusion chromatography(HPSEC) at different ozone dosages. The selectivity of ozonation towards different constituents and functional groups was analysed using two-dimensional correlation spectra(2D-COS) probed by FT-IR, synchronous fluorescence spectra and HPSEC.The results indicated that ozonation can destroy aromatic structures of EfOM and change its molecular weight distribution(MWD). According to 2D-COS analysis, microbial humiclike substances were preferentially removed, and then the protein-like fractions. Terrestrial humic-like components exhibited inactivity towards ozonation compared with the above two fractions. Protein-like substances with small molecular weight were preferentially reacted during ozonation based on 2D-COS probed by HPSEC. In addition, the selectivity of ozone towards different functional groups of EfOM exhibited the following sequence:phenolic and alcoholic C\O groups > aromatic structures containing C_C double bonds >aliphatic C\H. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) further elucidated the preferential reaction of aromatic structures in EfOM during ozonation.

Subgrid-scale contributions to Lagrangian time correlations in isotropic turbulence

The application of large-eddy simulation （LES） to particle-laden turbulence raises such a fundamental question as whether the LES with a subgrid scale （SGS） model can correctly predict Lagrangian time correlations （LTCs）. Most of the currently existing SGS models are constructed based on the energy budget equations. Therefore, they are able to correctly predict energy spectra, but they may not ensure the correct prediction on the LTCs. Previous researches investigated the effect of the SGS modeling on the Eulerian time correlations. This paper is devoted to study the LTCs in LES. A direct numerical simulation （DNS） and the LES with a spectral eddy viscosity model are performed for isotropic turbulence and the LTCs are calculated using the passive vector method. Both a priori and a posteriori tests are carried out. It is observed that the subgrid;scale contributions to the LTCs cannot be simply ignored and the LES overpredicts the LTCs than the DNS. It is concluded from the straining hypothesis that an accurate prediction of enstrophy spectra is most critical to the prediction of the LTCs.

Spectral Insights into Microdynamics of Thermoresponsive Polymers from the Perspective of Two-dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy

Generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy （2DCOS） and its derivate technique, perturbation correlation moving window （PCMW）, have found great potential in studying a series of physico-chemical phenomena in stimuli-responsive polymeric systems. By spreading peaks along a second dimension, 2DCOS can significantly enhance spectral resolution and discern the sequence of group dynamics applicable to various external perturbation-induced spectroscopic changes, especially in infrared （IR）, near-infrared （NIR） and Raman spectroscopy. On the basis of 2DCOS synchronous power spectra changing, PCMW proves to be a powerful tool to monitor complicated spectral variations and to find transition points and ranges. This article reviews the recent work of our research group in the application of 2DCOS and PCMW in thermoresponsive polymers, mainly focused on liquid crystalline polymers and lower critical solution temperature （LCST）-type polymers. Details of group motions and chain conformational changes upon temperature perturbation can thus be elucidated at the molecular level, which contribute to the understanding of their phase transition nature.

Ground-Space Correlation of TM Data and Its Application to the Prediction of Gold Deposits

Abstract: It has been inferred and proved by the remote sensing equations under rational hypotheses in atmospheric physics that there is a linear correlation between the ground reflective brightness Wij and the total reflective brightness Rij received in different bands with a remote sensor. Nine models delineating the ground-space correlation between the ground spectra and the optimal bands of images of the typical gold deposits have been established based on the ground-space correlativity and field measurements of the ground spectra of the typical gold deposits in the Ailaoshan area. According to the 9 correlation models, TM images were inverted into ground-space correlation images that are related to the typical gold deposits within the area and then recognized by a computer. Research on the ground spectra and TM data in the Ailaoshan area shows that the correlation analysis of the ground spectra and TM data of gold deposits can be effectively applied to the prediction of gold deposits, location of prospecting targets, and extraction of imagery information of gold mineralization.

Scaling of energy spectra in weakly compressible turbulence

We find an asymptotic expression for the characteristic timescales of decorrelation processes in weakly compressible and isothermal turbulence. This result is used in the Eddy-Damped Quasi-Normal Markovian equation to derive the scalings of compressible energy spectra: (1) if the acoustic waves are dominant, the compressible energy spectra exhibit \(-7/3\) scaling; (2) if local eddy straining is dominant, the compressible energy spectra are scaled as \(-3\). Meanwhile, the energy spectra of incompressible components display the same scaling of \(-5/3\) as those in incompressible turbulence. The direct numerical simulations of weakly compressible turbulence are used to examine the scaling.

Dual-parameter Correlation Analysis of the Fluorescence Data of 1-Methyl-2-formyl-5-substituted Pyrrole(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazones

By using 1-methyl-2-formyl-5 -Y-substituted pyrrole (4-nitrophenyl)hydrazones as a model for nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic compounds, the emission wavelength [lambda(max(em))] values df their fluorescence spectra have been measured. Correlation results show that the Delta E-em values are mainly affected by polar effects, but spin-delocalizatin effects also exist.