Slenderness Ratio Effect on the Eccentric Compression Performance of Chamfered Laminated Bamboo Lumber Columns

Eccentric compression tests on 15 chamfered laminated bamboo lumber(LBL)columns with a height ranging from 600 to 3000 mm were conducted in order to study the eccentric mechanical performance.The failure of all specimens was caused by the crack of bamboo fiber in the tensile region.When the ultimate strength was reached,except specimens with a height of 600 mm,all other specimens could bear large deformation,showing good ductility.The lateral displacements of the specimens under eccentric compression were approximately para-bolic in the direction of column height.The ultimate bending moment of LBL columns with different slenderness ratios under compression with the same initial eccentricity was a fixed value.The relationship between ultimate capacity,axial displacement,lateral displacement,and slenderness ratio was analyzed based on test results.It was found that the plane section assumption could be used to express the stress and strain distribution of chamfered LBL columns under eccentric compression.A method for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity was proposed using a constitutive model based on the Ramberg-Osgood relation and the empirical formula for calculating the ultimate capacity was given on the basis of the former research as well as the test results in this paper.

Mechanical Behavior of Rectangular Steel-Reinforced ECC/Concrete Composite Column under Eccentric Compression

In order to improve the seismic performance, deformation ability and ultimate load-carrying capacity of columns with rectangular cross section, engineered cementitious composite(ECC) is introduced to partially substitute concrete in the edge zone of reinforced concrete columns and form reinforced ECC/concrete composite columns.Firstly, based on the assumption of plane remaining plane and the simplified constitutive models, the calculation method of the load-carrying capacity of reinforced ECC/concrete columns is proposed. The stress and strain distributions and crack propagation of the composite columns in different states of eccentric compressive loading are analyzed. Then, nonlinear finite element analysis is conducted to study the mechanical performance of reinforced ECC/concrete composite columns with rectangular cross section. It is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical results, indicating that the proposed method for calculating the load-carrying capacity of concrete/ECC composite columns is valid. Finally, based on the proposed method, the effects of ECC thickness, compressive strength of concrete and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the mechanical performance of reinforced ECC/ concrete composite columns are analyzed. Calculation results indicate that increasing the thickness of ECC layer or longitudinal reinforcement ratio can effectively increase the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the composite column with both small and large eccentricity, but increasing the strength of concrete can only increase the ultimate loadcarrying capacity of the composite column with small eccentricity.

TWO-DIMENSIONAL RIEMANN PROBLEMS:FROM SCALAR CONSERVATION LAWS TO COMPRESSIBLE EULER EQUATIONS

In this paper we survey the authors＇ and related work on two-dimensional Riemann problems for hyperbolic conservation laws, mainly those related to the compressible Euler equations in gas dynamics. It contains four sections： 1. Historical review. 2. Scalar conservation laws. 3. Euler equations. 4. Simplified models.

Seismic performance of eccentrically-compressed steel pier under multi-directional earthquake loads

In this article,the seismic performance of box-shaped steel piers embedded with energy-dissipating shells under a multi-directional seismic load is investigated.A finite element(FE)model was accurately established and verified by the quasi-static test results.A parametric analysis of the hysteretic behaviour of a novel box-shaped steel pier under eccentric pressure was carried out on this basis.We discussed the influence of the eccentricity,axial compression ratio,thickness of embedded shell,ratio of slenderness,spacing of transverse stiffening ribs on the embedded shell,and width-to-thickness ratio of wallboard on the anti-seismic performance of a novel box-shaped steel bridge pier.The results revealed that the load carrying capacity and ductility coefficient of the specimen are substantially influenced by the eccentricity,variation in the axial compression ratio,and slenderness ratio.The specimen′s plastic energy dissipation capacity can be effectively improved by increasing the thickness of the embedded shell.The spacing of the transverse stiffening ribs only marginally affects seismic performance.In addition,the width-to-thickness ratio of the wallboard exerts a more considerable influence on the deformability of the square-section specimen.Finally,a formula for calculating the bearing capacity of the novel box-shaped steel piers under cyclic loading is proposed.

Model of the Bearing Capacity of Concrete Little Eccentric Compressive Flexural Members Affected by Rebar Corrosion

The assessment for bearing capacity of corroded RC members is one of the main component of durability study on RC structure. But few researches had been developed for the study of corroded RC eccentric especially little eccentric compressive members. By discussing the effect of factors, such as decrease of concrete strength in biaxial stress condition during pre-cracking stage and torsion buckling of local cracking concrete during post-cracking stage, on the bearing capacity of little eccentric RC members, the model of bearing capacity is established respectively, which the cracking damage coefficient of concrete k is suggested to be 0.15 in post-cracking stage. The experimental certification shows: model calculation fits well with experimental result, which proves the effectiveness of the model in this paper.

Finite Element Calculation of the Flexural Stiffness of Corroded RC Eccentric Compressive Members

A finite element calculation model of corroded RC eccentric compressive members was build using finite element software ANSYS. The model considers the decline of mechanical properties and the effective section of a corroded steel bar,as well as the deterioration of bond character between corroded reinforcement and concrete. The reliability of the finite element model was evaluated by comparing the results of the finite element calculation with the data from experiments. Based on the finite element analysis results,the influence of corrosion degree,the diameter change of the longitudinal reinforcing bars and the spacing change of stirrups on the flexural stiffness were calculated and analyzed.

Centered simple waves for the two-dimensional pseudo-steady isothermal ?ow around a convex corner

The two-dimensional(2D) pseudo-steady isothermal flow, which is isentropic and irrotational, around a convex corner is studied. The self-similar solutions for the supersonic flow around the convex corner are constructed, where the properties of the centered simple wave are used for the 2D isentropic irrotational pseudo-steady Euler equations. The geometric procedures of the center simple waves are given. It is proven that the supersonic flow turns the convex corner by an incomplete centered expansion wave or an incomplete centered compression wave, depending on the conditions of the downstream state.

盾构隧道衬砌结构偏心破坏转化临界锈蚀率预测

盾构隧道管片中的钢筋锈蚀会对结构的承载性能和破坏形态产生重要影响。一般盾构隧道结构多呈现小偏心受压状态,当钢筋锈蚀发展到一定程度时会出现小偏心向大偏心受力状态的转变,导致结构承载力下降、危及隧道运营安全。基于盾构隧道衬砌结构压弯受荷特点,设计小偏心加载的锈蚀试验柱,等效地模拟隧道衬砌的实际受力状态,分析不同锈蚀程度下试验柱跨中应变、极限承载力及裂缝的全过程演变。随锈蚀程度加重,试验柱承载力、混凝土应变、受压区高度下降速度逐渐加快,最大锈蚀率达到68.32%时,承载力最大降幅达到53.23%。试验发现高锈蚀程度(η≥46.25%)试验柱由小偏心破坏转化为大偏心破坏的现象。基于受弯构件正截面承载力理论分析,提出隧道衬砌结构由小偏心向大偏心破坏转化的临界锈蚀率理论计算方法,通过设计有限元计算流程验证了该方法的正确性。研究结果可为盾构隧道衬砌结构耐久性设计和安全评价提供理论支撑。

局部环向变厚度方钢管混凝土柱偏压力学性能研究

针对海洋环境中飞溅区造成的钢管混凝土柱局部环向腐蚀现象,采用机械削减方式模拟钢管壁厚局部环向腐蚀,进行了7个方钢管混凝土柱偏压试验,揭示了削弱率和偏心率对其偏压承载力的影响,并通过数值模拟对削弱率进行拓展分析.提出了基于削弱率的偏压承载力降低系数,代入中、美规范进行偏压承载力计算.结果表明:钢管的局部环向变厚度严重削弱了方钢管混凝土柱的偏压承载力和侧向挠曲能力;较大的加载偏心率也降低了其偏压承载力,但增大了其侧向挠曲能力.引入偏压承载力降低系数后,根据中、美规范计算得到的偏压承载力与试验值均吻合较好;相比于我国规范,美国规范在计算偏压承载力时相对更加保守.

预制拼接槽型UHPC柱偏心受压性能试验研究

为研究预制拼接槽型UHPC柱在受压条件下的力学性能及其影响因素,开展2根整浇UHPC柱及14根预制拼接槽型UHPC柱在不同拼接形式、不同偏心受压方向及不同偏心距下的轴心或偏心受压试验研究.通过考察试件的极限承载力、破坏形态、轴向及侧向变形性能,研究了拼接方式、偏压方向和偏心距对其静力性能的影响.试验结果表明:钢纤维延缓了UHPC的开裂,增强了试件的变形能力,但预制拼接槽型UHPC柱在轴压和小偏压荷载下仍表现出明显脆性破坏特征;在该试验中,偏压柱的破坏形态主要为小偏心受压破坏及大偏心受拉破坏;在相同偏心距下,不同拼接形式、不同偏心受压方向的柱体破坏形态及承载能力表现趋于一致;在相同尺寸与配筋下,预制拼接槽型UHPC柱承载力随偏心距的增加而减小.最后,通过对比试件承载力试验值和我国现行规范理论计算值,定性地指出了现行规范的局限性.本文试验数据可为预制拼接槽型UHPC柱设计提供参考.

考虑二次受力的UHPC加固RC墩偏压极限承载力

为揭示考虑二次受力UHPC加固桥墩偏压受力的损伤机理和极限状态,设计制作了UHPC加固RC墩和未加固墩构件,并进行了相应的试验研究和理论分析,并与未加固墩进行了比较。开展了考虑二次受力的UHPC增大截面法加固RC桥墩的小偏压试验,研究了不同初始受力条件下加固墩的破坏模式和极限承载力。结合有限元模型讨论了UHPC抗压强度、加固层的厚度和配筋率对极限承载力的影响。根据极限状态下的受力特性和平衡关系,推导了UHPC加固RC墩偏压极限承载力计算公式。结果表明:UHPC搭配钢筋网加固墩小偏压承载力与未加固墩相比,提升幅度达到了183%以上。UHPC强度对试件极限承载力的影响较大,UHPC厚度增大对加固试件承载力提高也较明显,加固层配筋率对构件承载力的提高影响较小。初始荷载的增大会降低原墩的混凝土利用率,降低加固墩的极限承载力。所提出考虑二次受力公式的计算承载力与实测值误差在3%之内,与有限元计算值误差在8%之内,具有较高的计算精度。研究结果可以为UHPC加固RC墩偏压承载力计算提供理论依据。

圆钢管超高性能混凝土短柱偏压力学性能研究

为研究钢管超高性能混凝土短柱的偏压性能,以荷载偏心率和钢管径厚比为变化参数,设计了12个圆钢管UHPC短柱试件并对其进行偏心受压加载试验,分析了该类构件的破坏模式、荷载-挠度曲线、钢管应变和变形系数等,考察了主要因素对短柱偏压性能的影响规律。结果表明:试件的破坏特征为钢管屈服和核心混凝土压坏;荷载-挠度曲线有较明显的峰值点,偏心率越大和径厚比越小,曲线的下降段越平缓;达到60%峰值荷载时,钢管开始产生明显的约束作用,达到90%峰值荷载时,截面变形不再符合平截面假定;偏心率增大使试件的承载力和刚度下降,而径厚比减小可降低这种不利影响。在试验基础上,结合数值模拟对短柱的N-M曲线进行分析,建立了临界偏心率和套箍系数的关系表达式,并基于此提出短柱偏压承载力实用计算方法,理论与试验结果吻合较好。

圆钢管再生混凝土长柱偏心受压承载性能试验研究

以偏心距为主要变化参数,对6个圆钢管再生混凝土长柱进行了偏心受压单调加载试验。通过试验观察了试件的破坏形态,分析了荷载-轴向位移曲线、荷载-纵向应变曲线以及延性,并研究了偏心距对试件承载力的影响。结果表明:圆钢管再生混凝土长柱在偏心荷载作用下,先后经历了弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段和承载力下降阶段,具有较好的延性,其破坏主要表现为钢管壁屈曲而导致试件整体失稳破坏;试件的承载力以及纵向变形随着偏心距的增加而降低;建议采用《钢管混凝土结构技术规范》(GB 50936—2014)和《组合结构设计规范》(JGJ 138—2016)进行圆钢管再生混凝土偏压长柱的承载力计算。

节点约束对单面连接角钢受压承载力影响试验研究

为了研究节点约束对单面连接角钢受压承载力的影响,设计了一种弹簧支座刀口铰,通过试验研究了120根等边角钢的偏心受压稳定承载力。分析了其最小轴、平行轴布置时的破坏模式、承载力及变形形态,研究了不同节点约束、构造形式对其承载力的影响,并与国内规范进行了比较。研究结果表明:最小轴布置时,构件的失效模式为弯曲失稳,旋转轴介于最小轴和平行轴之间;平行轴布置时,构件失效模式为绕与刀口铰平行的主轴的弯曲失稳;构件长细比小于120时,其承载力主要受偏心控制,偏心越大,承载力越低;构件长细比大于120时,其承载力主要受约束刚度控制,约束刚度越大,承载力越高;采用A、C类连接时,在不同长细比下二者各具优势,但采用B类连接时构件的承载力始终低于采用A、C类连接时的承载力;与规范的对比表明,规范GB 50017—2017和DL/T 5486—2020均未考虑节点构造形式对斜材受压承载力的影响,计算结果存在一定的局限性,研究结论对于工程设计具有一定的指导意义。

双钢板混凝土组合墙偏心受压性能试验研究

为了研究双钢板混凝土组合墙在偏心受压荷载下的结构性能,设计制作了5个试件,以偏心距离和墙板厚度作为研究参数,进行偏心受压试验.利用ABAQUS软件对试件进行有限元分析,并采用截面分析法计算试件在轴力与弯矩共同作用下的截面承载力.试验结果表明,试件最终出现钢板局部屈曲与混凝土受压破坏.根据试验荷载-位移曲线,计算得到试件延性系数为1.28~1.92.墙厚相同时,随着加载偏心距离的增加,承载力逐渐下降.偏心距离相同时,增加墙体厚度可以有效提高试件承载能力.偏心受压试件的截面应变分布满足平截面假定.承载力试验值与有限元模型计算值和理论计算值的最大误差分别为4%和9%.

高强钢筋混凝土柱小偏心受压性能试验研究

为研究高强钢筋混凝土柱小偏心受压性能,进一步推进高强钢筋在混凝土结构中的应用,针对HTRB630级高强钢筋,考虑配筋率、配箍率、箍筋间距和荷载偏心距等因素的影响,通过6根高强钢筋混凝土方形截面柱的小偏心受压试验,研究了该类构件的破坏过程、破坏形态和变形能力,评估了钢筋的应力及其强度发挥水平。结果表明:受压区HTRB630级钢筋能够达到屈服强度,且塑性变形能够充分发挥;提高配箍率,可提高试件小偏心受压承载力;当配箍率超过1.50%时,对试件承载力提高不多,但在一定程度上能够改善试件的变形能力。考虑箍筋对混凝土的约束作用,参照中国现行规范的计算方法,给出了高强钢筋混凝土柱压弯承载力的计算方法,计算结果与试验值相比吻合较好,可为该类构件的正截面设计和规范修订时提供参考。

圆中空夹层钢管混凝土叠合长柱偏压性能分析

目的研究圆中空夹层钢管混凝土叠合长柱的偏压性能,提出其偏压承载力计算方法。方法以长细比、偏心率、混凝土强度、纵筋配筋率及外钢管直径为参数,利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立相应的有限元模型,考察不同参数对荷载-挠度曲线和荷载-弯矩曲线的影响,并进行工作机理分析;最后基于叠加理论给出偏压承载力计算方法。结果圆中空夹层钢管混凝土叠合长柱在偏压状态下的受力全过程可分为弹性、弹塑性和塑性3个阶段;长细比和偏心率是影响偏压承载力的主要因素,其中长细比由40增加到50和60时,承载力分别降低9.4%和18.9%;偏心率由0.2增加到0.4和0.6时,承载力分别降低31.0%和50.3%;由偏压承载力计算方法所得的结果与有限元模拟结果吻合较好。结论圆中空夹层钢管混凝土叠合长柱在减轻自重的情况下具有一定的承载能力和延性,偏压性能良好。

圆钢管再生镍铁渣混凝土柱偏压力学性能研究

为了研究再生粗骨料取代率和偏心距对圆钢管再生镍铁渣混凝土柱力学性能的影响,设计了13个试件进行轴心和偏心受压试验,分析试件的荷载-跨中挠度曲线、侧向挠度曲线、刚度退化和耗能。在普通钢管混凝土的研究结果基础上,回归拟合适用于钢管再生混凝土的压弯承载力预测公式。结果表明:偏压试件的挠度沿柱高呈对称分布,形状符合正弦半波曲线;加载过程中截面中性轴的位置向受压区偏移,表明受压区面积逐渐缩小,受压区高度减小;当取代率超过30%后,随着再生粗骨料取代率的增加,试件的极限承载力降低,刚度逐渐退化,试件破坏时的耗能系数表现为降低的趋势;随着偏心距的增大,试件的极限承载力降低,侧向挠度曲线的包络面积逐渐增大,刚度逐渐退化;根据拟合的压弯承载力计算公式得到的计算值与试验结果吻合较好。

矿柱偏心承载特性与失稳破坏机制

荷载重心与矿柱截面形心不重合的偏心承载普遍存在于地下开采工程之中。为揭示矿柱偏心压缩承载特性与失稳破坏力学机制,采用一种模拟偏心压缩的试验装置,开展了五组不同偏心距条件下矿柱轴向压缩试验,得到了偏心压缩时矿柱抗压强度及失稳破坏特征。利用MV-XG280相机监测了加载过程中矿柱表面的散斑图像,结合数字图像相关方法分析了偏心距为1/6矿柱宽度时其表面位移场与应变场演化过程。结果表明:1)矿柱的抗压强度和弹性模量随偏心距增加呈降低趋势,偏心距越大矿柱越容易达到强度极限而破坏,与均匀压缩相比,偏心荷载作用大大降低了其承载能力;2)偏心荷载下矿柱的破坏特征为小偏心受压破坏和大偏心受拉破坏。偏心压缩使矿柱受力和力矩的共同作用,表现出偏心距越大整体弯曲变形程度越严重;3)偏心距为矿柱宽度的1/6时,位移场及应变场反映了试件变形破裂的演化过程,随着荷载的增加,位移场最大位移区域进一步集中,应变场出现明显的局部化带,形成最终导致矿柱破坏的宏观裂隙。