Nonequidistant two-dimensional antenna arrays based on magic squares

New methods of synthetizing nonequidistant sparse antenna arrays based on the properties of magic squares are studied.The methods of construction and algorithms of synthesis of two-dimensional antennas based on them providing a high degreeof dilution and sufficiently small side radiation are proposed.The methods for construction of such antennas and their maincharacteristics are considered.

2D DOA Estimation Algorithm with Increased Degrees of Freedom for Two Parallel Linear Arrays

In this paper,a two-dimensional(2 D)direction-of-arrival(DOA)estimation algorithm with increased degrees of freedom for two parallel linear arrays is presented.Being different from the conventional two-parallel linear array,the proposed two-parallel linear array consists of two uniform linear arrays with non-equal inter-element spacing.Propagator method(PM)is used to obtain a special matrix which can be utilized to increase the virtual elements of one of uniform linear arrays.Then,the PM algorithm is used again to obtain automatically paired elevation and azimuth angles.The simulation results and complexity analysis show that the proposed method can increase the number of distinguishable signals and improve the estimation precision without increasing the computational complexity.

Sixteen-element Ge-on-SOI PIN photo-detector arrays for parallel optical interconnects

We describe the structure and testing of one-dimensional array parallel-optics photo-detectors with 16 photodiodes of which each diode operates up to 8 Gb/s. The single element is vertical and top illuminated 30μm-diameter silicon on insulator （Ge-on-SOI） PIN photodetector. High-quality Ge absorption layer is epitaxially grown on SO1 substrate by the ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition （UHV-CVD）. The photodiode exhibits a good responsivity of 0.20 A/W at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The dark current is as low as 0.36/aA at a reverse bias of 1 V, and the corresponding current density is about 51 mA/cm2. The detector with a diameter of 30 t.trn is measured at an incident light of 1.55 μm and 0.5 mW, and the 3-dB bandwidth is 7.39 GHz without bias and 13.9 GHz at a reverse bias of 3 V. The 16 devices show a good consistency.

Analysis of Large Slotted-Waveguide Antenna Arrays Using the Parallel DDA-FE-BI-MLFMA

An efficient analyzing approach is presented for large slotted-waveguide antenna arrays by using hybrid finite element-boundary integral-multilevel fast multipole algorithm（FE-BI-MLFMA）in this paper.A simple computation model for slotted-waveguide antenna is presented by using thin current probe excitation and perfectly matched layer（PML）absorber.Since each slotted-waveguide antenna can be considered as a single sub-domain,the domain decomposition algorithm（DDA）can be applied to FE-BI-MLFMA to greatly reduce the computation resources and achieve high efficiency.This DDA-FE-BI-MLMFA is parallelized to further strength its capability.The comparisons of the computed radiation patterns with measured data and results from the commercial software show that our method has good accuracy for slottedwaveguide array.Then the influence of mutual coupling between adjacent slotted-waveguides is studied.To demonstrate capability of the presented method,a carefully designed large X-band slotted-waveguide antenna array containing eighteen waveguides with Taylor amplitude and inverse phase excitation distribution are analyzed in the paper.

Numerical Simulation of the Parallel Gap Resistance Welding Process of a Solar Cell and Mo/Pt/Ag Interconnector

Energy for space vehicles in low Earth orbit(LEO) is mainly generated by solar arrays, and the service time of the vehicles is controlled by the lifetime of these arrays, which depends mainly on the lifetime of the interconnects. To increase the service life of LEO satellites, molybdenum/platinum/silver(Mo/Pt/Ag) laminated metal matrix composite(LMMC) interconnectors are widely used in place of Mo/Ag LMMC and Ag interconnectors in solar arrays. A 2D thermal-electrical-mechanical coupled axisymmetric model was established to simulate the behavior of the parallel gap resistance welding(PGRW) process for solar cells and Mo/Pt/Ag composite interconnectors using the commercial software ANSYS. The direct multicoupled PLANE223 element and the contact pair elements TARGE169 and CONTA172 were employed. A transitional meshing method was applied to solve the meshing problem due to the ultrathin(1 μm) intermediate Pt layer. A comparison of the analysis results with the experimental results revealed that the best parameters were 60 W, 60 ms, and 0.0138 MPa. The voltage and current predicted by the finite element method agreed well with the experimental results. This study contributes to a further understanding of the mechanism of PGRW and provides guidance for finite element simulation of the process of welding with an ultrathin interlayer.

Optical Absorption Enhancement Effects of Silver Nanodisk Arrays in the Application of Silicon Solar Cell

Surface plasmon resonance of noble metal nanoparticles leads to the optical absorption enhancement effects,which have great potential applications in solar cell.By using the general numerical method of discrete dipole approximation （DDA）,we study the absorption and scattering properties of two-dimensional square silver nanodisks （2D SSN） arrays on the single crystal silicon solar cell.Based on the effective reflective index model of the single crystal silicon solar cell,we investigate the optical enhancement absorption of light energy by varying the light incident direction,particle size,aspect ratio,and interparticle spacing of the silver nanodisks.The peak values and position of the optical extinction spectra of the 2D square arrays of noble metal nanodisks are obtained with the different array structures.

A compact gamma camera with scintillation array and parallel-hole collimator

A new compact gamma camera for small object imaging has been developed.It consists of a pixelized Nal(T1) scintillator array coupled to a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R2486) with a parallel-hole lead collimator.The compact camera has better spatial resolution than Anger camera.The average value of intrinsic spatial resolutions is 2.3 mm (FWHM).The overall spatial resolution (FWHM) is 3,5 and 6 mm at 0,2.5 and 3 mm SCD (source-to-collimator distance),respectively.The phantom studies with the compact camera have demonstrated that parallel-hole collimator gamma camera is a practical technique for nuclear medicine application.

Corrigendum:Stochastic resonance in a parallel array of linear elements

In this paper, we point out the errors occurring in the paper （Dong X J 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 70） and present a correct conclusion.

ERROR ANALYSIS OF 3D DETECTING SYSTEM BASED ON WHOLE-FIELD PARALLEL CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE

Compared with the traditional scanning confocal microscopy, the effect of various factors on characteristic in multi-beam parallel confocal system is discussed, the error factors in multi-beam parallel confocal system are analyzed. The factors influencing the characteristics of the multi-beam parallel confocal system are discussed. The construction and working principle of the non-scanning 3D detecting system is introduced, and some experiment results prove the effect of various factors on the detecting system.

A reordered first fit algorithm based novel storage scheme for parallel turbo decoder

In this paper we discuss a novel storage scheme for simultaneous memory access in parallel turbo decoder. The new scheme employs vertex coloring in graph theory. Compared to a similar method that also uses unnatural order in storage, our scheme requires 25 more memory blocks but allows a simpler configuration for variable sizes of code lengths that can be implemented on-chip. Experiment shows that for a moderate to high decoding throughput （40-100 Mbps）, the hardware cost is still affordable for 3GPP＇s （3rd generation partnership project） interleaver.

大型带罩天线阵列的精确高效电磁仿真算法

针对大型带罩天线阵列系统的辐射特性仿真问题,基于等效原理和波导模式匹配法,建立了多层快速多极子算法的波端口模型,实现了对天线激励源和匹配负载的精确电磁建模,同时提出了一种适用于计算金属介质天线模型的多层快速多极子算法并行策略,通过建立多棵八叉树结构降低了计算过程中各进程间的通信量,实现了对大型带罩天线阵列系统的精确、高效一体化仿真计算。通过与高阶矩量法及有限元-边界积分方程法计算得到的天线方向图、S参数进行对比,验证了该方法的精确性及高效性。

基于FPGA的新能源低压直流配电系统暂态实时仿真研究

对新能源低压直流配电系统开展暂态实时仿真研究对优化其运行控制具有重要作用。由于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)内部集成了大量具有不同功能的电路,FPGA正成为电力系统暂态实时仿真领域主要的计算载体之一。该文面向新能源低压直流配电系统的暂态实时仿真需求,开发了一种基于FPGA的包含小型分布式风力发电、光伏发电以及蓄电池储能单元的新能源低压直流配电系统暂态实时仿真器。首先,研究构建了分布式发电单元和典型控制回路的计算模块,利用FPGA的并行计算特性并结合“算法-结构-有效匹配(AAA)”理念建立了底层模块串并联混合求解结构;然后,在节点分析法的框架下,建立了一种结合矩阵LDU分解和有向无环图(DAG)的电气系统节点电导矩阵并行求解方法;最后,在建立电气系统与控制系统并行求解架构的基础上,开发了一种基于FPGA的新能源低压直流配电系统暂态实时仿真器,通过将其仿真结果与PSCAD/EMTDC离线仿真平台的计算结果进行对比,验证了所开发暂态实时仿真器的有效性和准确性。

微球透镜阵列并行制造表面增强拉曼衬底及其光谱增强研究

SERS作为一种高灵敏物质指纹谱分析技术,在生物传感、化学分析等领域具有广泛的应用。具有规整纳米结构的SERS衬底是保证拉曼光谱痕量检测可靠性和稳定性的前提,实现高精度、大尺度和高效率的微纳结构制造是SERS衬底目前亟需突破的技术瓶颈。本工作提出了介质微球透镜—金纳米孔(ML/AuNHs)阵列复合SERS衬底新结构与制造新方法。首先,利用介质微球透镜光子纳米射流,在沉积于微球底部的金膜上制备纳米孔结构,形成ML/AuNHs复合结构。系统研究了532 nm纳秒脉冲激光能量、微球透镜直径、金膜厚度等工艺参数对金纳米孔的成形规律,通过优化加工工艺,实现了微球透镜阵列底部直径215 nm金纳米孔的超分辨并行加工。之后,理论分析了微球透镜的SERS“热点”自对准聚焦、光学回音壁共振模式以及定向天线等光场调控过程,揭示了ML/AuNHs复合衬底的拉曼增强机制。最后,展示了ML/AuNHs复合衬底检出灵敏度10-10 M(硝基苯硫酚,4-NBT)的SERS检测能力,较单独使用金属纳米孔降低2个数量级。本工作提供了一种简易高效且具有高灵敏度的SERS衬底结构及其制备方法,拓宽了SERS的实际应用潜力。

MEMS静电驱动微镜阵列的设计与工艺研究

基于微机电系统(MEMS)工艺,设计并制作了一种应用于光通信领域的二维准静态驱动微镜阵列(MMA)。相比于梳齿驱动,平行板电容式静电微镜更易于形成高占空比的阵列排布,有利于作为光开关矩阵应用在全光交换中。通过设计弹性系数小的“竖蛇形”双扭转轴结构,有效降低了微镜的驱动电压;并采用硅—玻璃阳极键合工艺来实现平板电容结构,将绝缘的玻璃作为电极基底与绝缘体上硅(SOI)硅器件层键合,不仅实现了良好的电隔离,提高了器件的稳定性,且能很好地与阵列扩展兼容。制备出的1×4微镜阵列可实现X/Y方向的二维(2D)准静态驱动,测试结果与有限元仿真结果基本吻合。结果表明,微镜内、外轴可分别在26.5V和29.5V的直流电压驱动下达到±2°机械转角,微镜响应时间为5ms。

Polarization-independent two-dimensional beam steering using liquid crystal optical phased arrays

A polarization-independent nonmechanical laser beam steering scheme is proposed to realize continuous two-dimensional（2 D） scanning with high efficiency, where the core components are two polarization-dependent devices, which are called liquid crystal optical phased arrays（LC-OPAs）. These two one-dimensional（1D） devices are orthogonally cascaded to work on the state of azimuthal and elevation steering, respectively. Properties of polarization independence as well as 2D beam steering are mathematically and experimentally verified with a good agreement. Based on the experimental setup, linearly polarized beams with different polarization angles are steered with high accuracy. The measured angular deviations are less than 5 μrad, which is on the same order of the accuracy of the measurement system. This polarization-independent 2 D laser beam steering scheme has potential application for nonmechanical laser communication, lidar, and other LC-based systems.

正交三偶极子阵列MIMO雷达近场目标定位

本文基于发射端和接收端都配备了正交三偶极子阵列的双基地多输入多输出(Multiple-Input MultipleOutput,MIMO)雷达系统,结合三线性分解提出了一种近场源多维参数估计算法。该算法首先利用接收端匹配滤波器的输出数据构建了一个三阶平行因子(Parallel Factor,PARAFAC)模型。同时为了加快算法的收敛速度以及避免所提算法对迭代的初值敏感,利用复平行因子分析(COMplex parallel FACtor analysis,COMFAC)算法来得到发射阵列和接收阵列导向矩阵的估计值。接着,根据发射阵列导向矩阵和接收阵列导向矩阵的结构特征得到每个目标的波离角(Direction-of-Departure,DOD)和波达角(Direction-of-Arrival,DOA)的粗估计值,并且基于双基地MIMO雷达阵列系统的几何关系得到从发射阵列到目标的距离以及从目标到接收阵列的距离的粗估计值。最后,基于得到的近场多维参数的粗估计值得到发射阵列和接收阵列的空间相位估计值,并进而从空间相位的估计值中得到更精确的DOD,DOA,从发射阵列到目标的距离和从目标到接收阵列的距离的精估计值。该算法适用于阵元间距为半波长的均匀线性阵列,相比于传统近场定位需满足阵元间隔为四分之一波长的前提,所提的MIMO阵列系统降低了阵列孔径损失,同时所提算法不需要进行谱峰搜索以及额外的参数配对操作。仿真结果表明,基于正交三偶极子阵列的MIMO雷达测向算法较传统标量阵列的算法具有较高的参数估计精度。

轻量级卷积神经网络的硬件加速方法

为提升轻量级卷积神经网络在硬件平台的资源利用效率和推理速度,基于软硬件协同优化的思想,提出一种面向FPGA平台的轻量级卷积神经网络加速器,并针对网络结构的特性设计专门的硬件架构。与多级并行策略结合,设计一种统一的卷积层计算单元。为降低模型存储成本、提高加速器的吞吐量,提出一种基于可微阈值的选择性移位量化方案,使计算单元能够以硬件友好的形式执行计算。实验结果表明,在Arria 10 FPGA平台上部署的MobileNetV2加速器能够达到311 fps的推理速度,相比CPU版本实现了约9.3倍的加速比、GPU版本约3倍的加速比。在吞吐量方面,加速器能够实现98.62 GOPS。

新型微带四面阵天线设计

在无线通信系统中,微带天线备受青睐。文章设计的微带四元阵在水平面上有全向的方向图,且极化方式为垂直极化。该天线的每个阵面都是采用串并结合的微带矩形贴片天线形式,并通过短路加载的方式实现天线俯仰面方向图在上半空间绝对增益大于-10.5dBi。测量结果显示,设计的天线在工作频率1090MHz时,电压驻波比小于1.5,方位面最小增益大于7dBi,前后比≥25dB。

基于GPU的多天线组阵卫星信号合成

为满足高速率卫星通信系统下接收端的高接收信噪比需求,设计了一种基于GPU的多天线组阵合成卫星信号的实现方法。基于全频谱合成的传统方案,加入数字下变频级联多相滤波的非均匀信道化模块,提升处理信号带宽内非均匀分布子信道的灵活性,并采用CPU+GPU异构平台进行高效实现。经仿真及实际信号测试,结果表明该设计相较传统CPU平台实现取得约10~20倍的加速比,为接收端的信号实时处理提供可能性。

基于动态自重构结构的3D-HEVC帧内预测算法并行化实现

3D高效视频编码3D-HEVC中帧内预测算法在专用硬件上的实现具有一定的局限性,无法满足帧内预测算法多种模式灵活自主切换的需求,导致编码性能差,硬件资源利用率不高。针对这一问题,提出一种新的3D-HEVC帧内预测算法在可编程动态自重构阵列处理器上的实现方法,该方法基于动态自重构机制,通过可编程控制器实时收集阵列执行状态,监测到阵列对当前任务执行结束后自主下发新的执行任务。通过对不同预测模式映射方案的硬件自主重构,实现算法的灵活切换。实验结果表明,与相关工作相比,该方法在提高灵活性的同时,硬件资源减少了49.1%,计算延迟减少了29.2%。将测试序列经过整个帧内环路测试,测试结果显示,图像质量良好。