Threshold Selection Method Based on Reciprocal Gray Entropy and Artificial Bee Colony Optimization

Since the logarithmic form of Shannon entropy has the drawback of undefined value at zero points,and most existing threshold selection methods only depend on the probability information,ignoring the within-class uniformity of gray level,a method of reciprocal gray entropy threshold selection is proposed based on two-dimensional(2-D)histogram region oblique division and artificial bee colony(ABC)optimization.Firstly,the definition of reciprocal gray entropy is introduced.Then on the basis of one-dimensional(1-D)method,2-D threshold selection criterion function based on reciprocal gray entropy with histogram oblique division is derived.To accelerate the progress of searching the optimal threshold,the recently proposed ABC optimization algorithm is adopted.The proposed method not only avoids the undefined value points in Shannon entropy,but also achieves high accuracy and anti-noise performance due to reasonable 2-D histogram region division and the consideration of within-class uniformity of gray level.A large number of experimental results show that,compared with the maximum Shannon entropy method with 2-D histogram oblique division and the reciprocal entropy method with 2-D histogram oblique division based on niche chaotic mutation particle swarm optimization(NCPSO),the proposed method can achieve better segmentation results and can satisfy the requirement of real-time processing.

Two-dimensional cross entropy multi-threshold image segmentation based on improved BBO algorithm

In order to improve the global search ability of biogeography-based optimization(BBO)algorithm in multi-threshold image segmentation,a multi-threshold image segmentation based on improved BBO algorithm is proposed.When using BBO algorithm to optimize threshold,firstly,the elitist selection operator is used to retain the optimal set of solutions.Secondly,a migration strategy based on fusion of good solution and pending solution is introduced to reduce premature convergence and invalid migration of traditional migration operations.Thirdly,to reduce the blindness of traditional mutation operations,a mutation operation through binary computation is created.Then,it is applied to the multi-threshold image segmentation of two-dimensional cross entropy.Finally,this method is used to segment the typical image and compared with two-dimensional multi-threshold segmentation based on particle swarm optimization algorithm and the two-dimensional multi-threshold image segmentation based on standard BBO algorithm.The experimental results show that the method has good convergence stability,it can effectively shorten the time of iteration,and the optimization performance is better than the standard BBO algorithm.

Image Thresholding Using Two-Dimensional Tsallis Cross Entropy Based on Either Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization or Decomposition

The segmentation effect of Tsallis entropy method is superior to that of Shannon entropy method, and the computation speed of two-dimensional Shannon cross entropy method can be further improved by optimization. The existing two-dimensional Tsallis cross entropy method is not the strict two-dimensional extension. Thus two new methods of image thresholding using two-dimensional Tsallis cross entropy based on either Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) or decomposition are proposed. The former uses CPSO to find the optimal threshold. The recursive algorithm is adopted to avoid the repetitive computation of fitness function in iterative procedure. The computing speed is improved greatly. The latter converts the two-dimensional computation into two one-dimensional spaces, which makes the computational complexity further reduced from O(L2) to O(L). The experimental results show that, compared with the proposed recently two-dimensional Shannon or Tsallis cross entropy method, the two new methods can achieve superior segmentation results and reduce running time greatly.

EXISTENCE OF ENTROPY SOLUTIONS TO TWO-DIMENSIONAL STEADY EXOTHERMICALLY REACTING EULER EQUATIONS

We are concerned with the global existence of entropy solutions of the two-dimensional steady Euler equations for an ideal gas, which undergoes a one-step exothermic chemical reaction under the Arrhenius-type kinetics. The reaction rate function φ（T ） is assumed to have a positive lower bound. We first consider the Cauchy problem （the initial value problem）, that is, seek a supersonic downstream reacting flow when the incoming flow is supersonic, and establish the global existence of entropy solutions when the total variation of the initial data is sufficiently small. Then we analyze the problem of steady supersonic, exothermically reacting Euler flow past a Lipschitz wedge, generating an ad-ditional detonation wave attached to the wedge vertex, which can be then formulated as an initial-boundary value problem. We establish the global existence of entropy solutions containing the additional detonation wave （weak or strong, determined by the wedge angle at the wedge vertex） when the total variation of both the slope of the wedge boundary and the incoming flow is suitably small. The downstream asymptotic behavior of the global solutions is also obtained.

Scattering Relations for Two-Dimensional Electromagnetic Waves in Chiral Media

We consider the scattering of time-harmonic plane waves by an infinitely long penetrable chiral cylinder. The electromagnetic scattering problem is reduced to a transmission problem for a system of two-dimensional Helmholtz equations. We prove the classical reciprocity principle, a general scattering theorem and an optical theorem in R2. Using Herglotz wave functions we define the corresponding far field operator. Applying the general scattering theorem useful relations are proved for the reconstruction of the scatterer. We also prove that for real chirality measure of the penetrable scatterer the far field operator has a countable number of eigenvalues which lie on a circle.

Two-dimensional horizontal visibility graph analysis of human brain aging on gray matter

Characterizing the trajectory of the healthy aging brain and exploring age-related structural changes in the brain can help deepen our understanding of the mechanism of brain aging.Currently,most structural magnetic resonance imaging literature explores brain aging merely from the perspective of morphological features,which cannot fully utilize the grayscale values containing important intrinsic information about brain structure.In this study,we propose the construction of two-dimensional horizontal visibility graphs based on the pixel intensity values of the gray matter slices directly.Normalized network structure entropy(NNSE)is then introduced to quantify the overall heterogeneities of these graphs.The results demonstrate a decrease in the NNSEs of gray matter with age.Compared with the middle-aged and the elderly,the larger values of the NNSE in the younger group may indicate more homogeneous network structures,smaller differences in importance between nodes and thus a more powerful ability to tolerate intrusion.In addition,the hub nodes of different adult age groups are primarily located in the precuneus,cingulate gyrus,superior temporal gyrus,inferior temporal gyrus,parahippocampal gyrus,insula,precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus.Our study can provide a new perspective for understanding and exploring the structural mechanism of brain aging.

On the Thermodynamics of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas with Non-Parabolic Dispersion

A thermodynamic density of states, electron density in the subband and the entropy of the gas as function of the temperature and the total two-dimensional electron density are studied. Semiconductor conduction band dispersion is described by the simplified Kane model. Numerical simulation shows that with an increase in the total electron concentration, thermodynamic density of states at low temperatures changes abruptly and smoothes jumps at high temperatures. This change manifests itself in the peculiar thermodynamic characteristics. The results are used to interpret existing experimental data.

基于VMD-多尺度排列熵和SVM的船用空压机故障诊断方法

船用机械振动信号存在非线性、非平稳性问题,故障特征难提取,通过变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)多尺度排列熵(multiscale permutation entropy,MPE)与支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)融合的故障诊断方法,对振动信号进行研究。以空压机为例,首先,模拟6种空压机工况,对各工况的热工参数进行测试,分析各工况热工参数的变化程度,并对采集的振动信号进行频域分析。然后通过VMD对振动信号进行分解,得到一系列固有模态分量,计算与原始信号的互相关系数筛选敏感固有模态分量。最后计算出敏感固有模态分量的多尺度排列熵,将其作为特征向量,输入到SVM中,进行故障辨识。实验结果表明:VMD多尺度排列熵与SVM融合的空压机故障辨识方法,能有效地识别故障类型,整体准确率可保持在98.6667%,将此方法与其他方法进行对比,证明此方法有效。

基于GMPE和GWO-MKELM算法的往复压缩机轴承故障诊断

针对往复压缩机内部结构复杂,轴承间隙故障特征提取困难和识别准确率不高等问题,提出了多尺度排列熵和多核极限学习机混合算法的智能诊断新方法。首先,针对多尺度排列熵在多尺度过程中,利用均值粗粒化的方式在一定程度上“中和”了原始信号的动力学突变行为,降低了熵值分析的准确性,提出了一种广义多尺度排列熵算法;然后,为解决核极限学习机处理复杂数据样本分类存在的局限性,将高斯核函数、多项式核函数和感知器核函数进行线性叠加,构建混合核函数,提出了多核极限学习机模型。仿真实验结果表明,该故障诊断方法识别准确率高达98%,高效地实现了轴承不同种类故障的智能诊断。

基于MFO-VMD和GMFE的往复压缩机轴承间隙故障诊断方法

基于往复压缩机轴承间隙故障呈现非线性、非稳定性和特征耦合的特点,本文提出了飞蛾捕焰优化算法(MFO)优化变分模态分解方法(VMD)和广义多尺度模糊熵(GMFE)的往复压缩机轴承间隙故障诊断新方法。首先,利用MFO对VMD的模态数k和惩罚因子α两个参数进行优化,得到最佳参数组合[k,α],从而利用优化后的VMD对轴承间隙振动信号进行信号分解处理,并进行振动信号的重构分析;然后,采用GMFE熵值算法对重构信号进行故障特征提取研究,从而得到所需的故障特征向量集;最后将提取的故障特征向量集输入智能分类算法支持向量机中进行故障的分类诊断研究。研究结果表明,本文提出的往复压缩机轴承间隙故障诊断方法有效地提高诊断的准确率,具有较好的故障特征提取优越性。

基于DE-VMD和GMDE的往复压缩机轴承间隙故障诊断方法

针对往复压缩机轴承间隙故障特征提取困难、识别准确率不高等问题,提出了差分进化算法优化变分模态分解方法和广义多尺度散布熵相结合的往复压缩机间隙故障诊断方法。首先,采用差分进化算法对变分模态分解算法的两个核心参数进行了优化,并利用优化后的变分模态分解方法对轴承间隙振动信号进行了信号分解和重构处理;然后,研究了多尺度散布熵的粗粒化过程,通过将方差粗粒化代替均值粗粒化,进行了多尺度处理,构建了广义多尺度散布熵算法,利用广义多尺度散布熵算法对重构信号进行了故障特征提取分析;最后,设计了核极限学习机模型对故障特征向量集进行了分类识别,完成了往复压缩机轴承间隙不同故障状态的智能诊断研究。研究结果表明,该故障诊断方法的识别准确率高达97%,高效地实现了轴承不同种类故障的智能诊断目的。

基于EMATE和POA-ELM的声音信号故障诊断方法

常规的工程机械故障诊断方法一般需对振动信号进行分析,但采集振动信号时需要使振动传感器与工程机械相接触,在某些情况下工程机械表面不适合安装传感器,如设备的温度较高或者传感器的安装空间有限。针对这些问题,以声音信号作为故障诊断对象,提出了一种基于增强多尺度注意熵(EMATE)和鹈鹕优化算法优化极限学习机(POA-ELM)的工程机械故障诊断方法。首先,利用声音传感器采集了工程机械不同故障的声音信号,避免了振动传感器存在的接触式采集缺陷;然后,利用EMATE提取了声音信号中的故障信息,建立了表征工程机械不同故障状态的特征向量;接着,鉴于ELM的参数需要优化的问题,采用POA对ELM的关键参数进行了寻优,建立了参数自适应设置的ELM分类模型;最后,利用POA-ELM分类器对故障特征进行了辨识,实现了工程机械的故障识别,并利用往复压缩机和滚动轴承的声音信号数据集对基于EMATE-POA-ELM的故障诊断方法的有效性进行了验证。研究结果表明:将EMATE方法作为故障特征提取指标能够取得100%和99.23%的识别准确率,且特征提取的时间仅为53.88 s和172.47 s;与多尺度注意熵、复合多尺度注意熵、时移多尺度注意熵等指标相比,EMATE的平均故障识别准确率更高,并具有更好的综合性能。

Two-dimensional entropy model for video shot partitioning

A shot presents a contiguous action recorded by an uninterrupted camera operation and frames within a shot keep spatio-temporal coherence. Segmenting a serial video stream file into meaningful shots is the first pass for the task of video analysis, content-based video understanding. In this paper, a novel scheme based on improved two-dimensional entropy is proposed to complete the partition of video shots. Firstly, shot transition candidates are detected using a two-pass algorithm： a coarse searching pass and a fine searching pass. Secondly, with the character of two-dimensional entropy of the image, correctly detected transition candidates are further classified into different transition types whereas those falsely detected shot breaks are distinguished and removed. Finally, the boundary of gradual transition can be precisely located by merging the characters of two-dimensional entropy of the image into the gradual transition. A large number of video sequences are used to test our system performance and promising results are obtained.

基于边缘与区域结合的光学遥感图像舰船分割方法

针对光学遥感图像中舰船目标分割精度低等问题,提出了一种基于边缘与区域结合的图像中舰船目标分割方法。首先,利用导向滤波改进Canny算法对待分割舰船遥感图像进行预处理,以保持边缘完整结构,得到舰船目标粗分割结果;然后,提出基于布谷鸟搜索优化的倒数灰度熵阈值选取方法进行舰船目标细分割;最后,引入形态学方法对分割结果进行修正,确保舰船目标的完整性。大量试验结果表明,该方法表现出较优的分割性能,为舰船检测识别领域提供了更好的分割方案。

最大倒数熵/倒数灰度熵多阈值选取

现有的基于Shannon熵的阈值选取方法存在无定义值和零值的缺陷,并且没有考虑目标和背景类内灰度的均匀性。为此,本文针对多目标(背景)图像分割问题,提出了基于最大倒数熵/倒数灰度熵和自适应双粒子群优化(Adaptive Chaotic Variation Particle Swarm Optimization,ACPSO)的多阈值选取方法。首先将最大倒数熵单阈值选取推广到多阈值选取;然后定义了倒数灰度熵,导出了基于最大倒数灰度熵的单阈值和多阈值选取公式;最后给出最大倒数熵/倒数灰度熵多阈值选取的ACPSO算法步骤,实现对多个阈值快速精确地寻优。实验结果表明,与现有的同类方法—基于最大Shannon熵和粒子群优化(Particle Swarms Optimization,PSO)的多阈值选取方法相比,本文提出的方法有明显的优势,已应用于红外弱小目标检测中的阈值分割和卫星云图识别中的数字云图分割,取得了极佳的分割效果。

基于EMD信息熵和支持向量机的往复压缩机轴承故障诊断

往复压缩机工况恶劣、结构复杂、易损件多等特点,增加了压缩机故障诊断难度。将EMD信息熵和支持向量机(SVM)技术相结合,应用于压缩机轴承故障诊断。通过EMD对压缩机轴承信号进行分解,计算其信息熵值,并提取出能反映轴承工作状态的信息熵,将其作为特征向量训练SVM网络。结果表明,EMD信息熵和支持向量机相结合的方法,可以准确识别压缩机轴承故障。

往复压缩机气阀故障混合诊断方法研究

由于往复压缩机气阀振动信号呈现强非线性和非平稳性特点,目前应用较好的三次样条EEMD(S-EEMD)方法仍然存在模态混叠及包络不准确问题。针对此情况提出一种基于四次Hermite插值EEMD(QH-EEMD)与功率谱熵(PSE)相结合的分析方法。结合四次Hermite插值保形性、可调性与EEMD提高信号在不同分解尺度上连续性的优点改善插值曲线的逼近精度,减少模态混叠,通过对振动信号进行分解,得到IMF分量。通过与S-EEMD-PSE(S-EEMD结合PSE)算法、QH-EEMD-SE(S-EEMD结合样本熵)算法比较,验证了QH-EEMD-PSE(QH-EEMD结合PSE)方法的优越性。以往复压缩机常见故障为研究对象,基于QH-EEMD-PSE方法提取故障特征实现了常见故障的准确诊断。

基于LMD样本熵与SVM的往复压缩机故障诊断方法

针对往复压缩机振动信号的非平稳和非线性特性,提出了基于LMD样本熵与SVM的往复压缩机轴承间隙故障诊断方法。利用具有保形特性的Hermite插值法替代传统LMD中滑动平均法构造均值与包络函数,提高LMD对非平稳信号的分解精度。以改进LMD方法将各状态振动信号分解为一系列PF分量,依据相关性系数选择其中代表故障状态主要信息的PF分量,计算其样本熵形成有效的特征向量。使用SVM作为模式分类器,诊断得出轴承间隙故障类型。同LMD与近似熵方法所提取特征向量进行对比,结果表明本文方法具有更高的识别准确率。

EMD与样本熵在往复压缩机气阀故障诊断中的应用

针对往复压缩机气阀故障信号冲击性、非连续性特点,采用EMD方法分解提取各频率故障信号。然后通过对数据重新筛选、提出主要振动信息对分解波形进行了重构。并对往复压缩机故障信号分解及重构数据进行了分析,提取了故障信息。针对正常与故障信号分解结果复杂度不一致的特点,对EMD分解后包含的故障信息主要分量进一步通过样本熵进行量化识别。最后通过对正常、阀片缺口、弹簧失效的实测信号进行EMD分解、重构和样本熵分析,精确提取了故障信息,验证了方法的有效性。

基于量子粒子群优化的加权平均倒数熵阈值法参数选取

考虑到目标和背景对图像分割的不同影响,提出了一种对目标和背景类的倒数熵进行加权平均的阈值分割方法。同时,针对该方法中权重参数m的选取问题,给出一种利用量子粒子群优化算法自适应选取参数的优化策略,依据图像分割质量评价均匀性准则对权重参数m在(0,1)区间进行全局寻优,进而实现了加权平均倒数熵阈值分割方法的自动阈值选取。研究结果表明,该方法可获得比传统熵阈值法更好的分割效果。