基于相对多普勒峰高特征的OS-CFAR改进方法

在传统有序统计类恒虚警的基础上,提出了1种基于相对多普勒峰高特征的改进有序统计类恒虚警检测方法。该检测算法结合相对多普勒峰高(RDPH)特征和有序统计类(OS-CFAR)检测算法的优势,对雷达回波数据的相对多普勒峰高特征进行计算,通过排序选取参考单元的特征估计,得到检测门限,并通过仿真与实测数据测试对比该算法与其他传统恒虚警算法在不同背景下的检测性能,验证该算法的优势。结果表明:相较于传统均值类、有序统计类恒虚警检测算法,基于相对多普勒峰高特征的改进OS-CFAR检测算法在实测海雷达数据的高海况场景下能够达到更好的检测概率。

基于双边截断的双参数海上风电站SAR图像CFAR检测

文章提出了1种基于双边截断的双参数海上风电站SAR图像CFAR检测器DTCS-TPCFAR,目的是提高在具有多个目标海上区域和石油泄漏区域等环境下对海上风电站的检测性能。DTCS-TPCFAR所提出的双边截断杂波的方法,能够同时消除高强度和低强度异常值的干扰,同时保留真实的杂波样本。通过使用最大似然估计计算双边截断后样本的均值和标准差,然后通过这2个参数估计值计算出截断阈值,最后再结合指定的虚警率(Probability of False Alarm,PFA)来对测试单元(Test Cell,TC)进行判断,完成最终的目标检测。这也是首次将CFAR检测器用于检测海上风电站。文章通过Sentinel-1数据集来验证该方法的有效性。实验结果表明,文章所提出的算法在相同指定虚警率下,具有更高的检测率(Detection Rate,DR)和更低的误报率(False Alarm Rate,FAR)。

Improved Ship Target Detection Accuracy in SAR Image Based on Modified CFAR Algorithm

A novel algorithm for the detection of ship target with high accuracy in the synthetic aperture radar(SAR) with high spatial resolution image is proposed. The SAR image may include not only the ship targets but also the interferences such as the sea clutter,the strong reflection target,the sidelobe and so on.The conventional constant false alarm rate(CFAR) algorithm has some disadvantages,and it has not enough prior information about the size of the ships. Hence,it cannot separate the adjacent ships correctly. A comprehensive algorithm based on the modified CFAR algorithm and opening operation is presented to solve the problem,and the detection accuracy can be improved consequently. The results of SAR image illustrate the effectiveness of the method in this paper.

MODIFIED HIGHER ORDER SPECTRAL ANALYSIS BASED TDE ALGORITHM FOR CFAR SIGNAL DETECTION PROBLEM

With the conditions of small data size and low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), the application of Higher Order Statistics (HOS) is restrained not only by its high estimation variance,but also by its low estimation precision. Therefore, a modified HOS based Time Delay Estimation (TDE) algorithm is proposed to overcome these problems. Comparing with the conventional TDE algorithms, the estimation variance is improved greatly. A typical simulation example is completed in order to test the performance of the algorithm proposed, which shows that the proposed algorithm has advantages over the traditional ones in both detection performance and computation efficiency.

Detection optimization for resonance region radar with dense multi-carrier waveform

Unlike the existing resonance region radar systems （RRRS ） that transmit the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM）multi-carrier waveform,the dense multi-carrier （DMC）radar waveform which has a narrower frequency interval than the traditional OFDM waveform is proposed.Therefore,in the same frequency bandwidth,the DMC waveform contains more sub-carriers and provides more frequency diversity.Additionally,to further improve detection performance,a novel optimal weight accumulation target detection （OWATD）method is proposed,where the echo electromagnetic waves at different frequencies are accumulated with the optimal weight coefficients.Then,with the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）of echo waveform approaching infinity,the asymptotic detection performance is analyzed, and the condition that the OWATD method with the DMC outperforms the matched filter with the OFDM is presented.Simulation results show that the DMC outperforms the OFDM in the target detection performance,and the OWATD method can further improve the detection performance of the traditional methods with both the OFDM and DMC radar waveform.

一种改进的高分辨率SAR图像超像素CFAR舰船检测算法

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像舰船目标检测一直受到学者广泛关注,恒虚警率(CFAR)检测算法作为雷达图像经典目标检测算法被广泛应用于SAR图像舰船目标检测中。然而经典CFAR检测性能容易受到相干斑噪声影响,基于滑窗的检测结果对滑窗的尺寸选择非常敏感,难以保证杂波背景中不存在目标像素,并且计算效率较低。针对上述问题,该文提出了一种新的基于超像素无窗快速CFAR的SAR图像舰船目标检测算法。首先,利用基于密度的快速噪声空间聚类(DBSCAN)超像素生成方法生成SAR图像的超像素。在SAR数据服从混合瑞利分布的假设下,定义了超像素相异度。然后利用超像素精确估计每个像素的杂波参数,即使在多目标情况下,也可以克服传统CFAR滑动窗口的缺点。此外,基于SAR图像变异系数,提出了一种基于变异系数的局部超像素对比度来优化CFAR检测,以此消除大量杂波虚警,如陆地区域人造目标。对5幅SAR图像的实验结果表明,与其他方法相比,该文方法对不同场景SAR图像海面舰船目标检测都十分稳健。

一种基于低门限CFAR的检测前跟踪算法

相比于先检测后跟踪的方法,检测前跟踪在低信噪比环境中有更加优秀的效果。本文提出一种适用于应用在雷达系统中的检测前跟踪方法,利用低门限CFAR与DP-TBD级联的方法,再经过检测门限判决,解决了TBD检测在雷达系统中的时间牺牲问题,并优化了DP-TBD的算法,降低复杂度,给出了低门限CFAR的门限取值方法,仿真结果表明,本文提出的算法在4帧积累时比传统的CFAR检测信噪比改善了约4.5dB。

New CFAR target detector for SAR images based on kernel density estimation and mean square error distance

A new constant false alarm rate （CFAR） target detector for synthetic aperture radar （SAR） images is developed. For each pixel under test, both the local probability density function （PDF） of the pixel and the clutter PDF in the reference window are estimated by the non-parametric density estimation. The target detector is defined as the mean square error （MSE） distance between the two PDFs. The CFAR detection in SAR images having multiplicative noise is achieved by adaptive kernel bandwidth proportional to the clutter level. In addition, for obtaining a threshold with respect to a given probability of false alarm （PFA）, an unsupervised null distribution fitting method with outlier rejection is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed target detector is demonstrated by the experiment result using the RADATSAT-2 SAR image.

A new scattering similarity based metric for ship detection in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar image

A new paradigm for ship detection in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(Pol-SAR)image is presented.We firstly utilize the scattering similarity parameters to investigate the differences of scattering mechanism between ships and sea clutter.Based on these differences,we propose a novel ship detection metric,denoted as the scattering similarity based metric(SSM),to conduct ship detection task.The distribution model of SSM metric is investigated and modeled by kernel density estimation(KDE).Based on the statistical distribution,an adaptive constant false alarm rate(CFAR)detection scheme is implemented.We compare the proposed SSM with two classic polarimetric metrics,i.e.,the polarimetric cross-entropy(PCE)and the reflection symmetry metric(RSM).The experimental results conducted on C-band RADARSAT-2 Pol-SAR data demonstrate the feasibility and advantage of the proposed SSM metric both in sea clutter modeling and in ship detection.

Distribution-based CFAR detectors in SAR images

As traditional two-parameter constant false alarm rate （CFAR） target detec-tion algorithms in SAR images ignore target distribution, their performances are not the best or near best. As the resolution of SAR images increases, small targets present more pixels in SAR images. So the target distribution is of much significance. Distribution-based CFAR detection algorithm is presented. We unite the pixels around the test cell, and estimate the distribution of test cell by them. Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test （GLRT） is used to deduce the detectors. The performance of the distribution-based CFAR （DBCFAR） detectors is analyzed theoretically. False alarms of DBCFAR detection are fewer than those of CFAR at the same detection rate. Finally experiments are done and the results show the performance of DBCFAR is out of conventional CFAR. False alarms of DBCFAR detection are concentrated while those of CFAR detection are dispersive.

Switching variability index based multiple strategy CFAR detector

A switching variability index （SVl） constant false alarm rate （CFAR） detector is proposed for improving the detection performance of VI-CFAR detectors in multiple targets backgrounds. When the presence of non-homogeneity in CFAR reference windows is indicated by a VI-CFAR detector, a switching- CFAR detector is introduced to optimize the performance of the VI-CFAR detector in homogeneous, multiple targets and clutter edge backgrounds. The structure and parameters selection method of the SVI-CFAR detector is presented. Comparisons with classic CFAR detectors and recently proposed detectors are also given. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that SVICFAR detector maintains the good performance of the VI-CFAR detector in homogeneous and clutter edge backgrounds, while greatly improving the capacity of anti-multi targets.

基于Grubbs准则的改进的2D CA-CFAR

在不同程度的噪声存在下,现代雷达通过恒虚警率(constant false alarm rate, CFAR)检测算法最大化提升目标的检测概率。针对车载毫米波雷达目标检测过程中传统2维单元均值类恒虚警率(two-dimensional cell averaging CFAR,2D CA-CFAR)检测算法在相邻多目标条件下出现的目标遮蔽问题,提出了一种基于格拉布斯(Grubbs)准则的2D CA-CFAR的改进算法。该方法利用Grubbs准则剔除参考窗中的奇异值和干扰目标,从而获得更加准确的检测阈值。仿真结果表明:改进的算法极大地降低了多目标环境中传统2D CA-CFAR检测器的“遮盖效应”,验证了所提算法的有效性。

A NEW CFAR DETECTOR WITH GREATEST OPTION

This paper presents a new CFAR detector based on Ordered Statistics (OS) and Cell-Averaging (CA) forming local estimates, and using Greatest-Of selection (GO) to form clutter power level estimate Z in test cell(OSCAGO). Under the Swerling II assumption, the analytic expressions of Pfa,Pd and ADT of this detector are derived, its detection performance in homogeneous background and in strong interfering targets environment are analyzed and compared it with OS, GOSGO detectors. The results show that the detection performance of OSCAGO in homogeneous background and in multiple-target situations are obviously better than those of OS and GOSGO. When the number of interfering targets is equal to certain value, the CFAR loss of OSCAGO is about 3dB less than that of GOSGO.

PERFORMANCE OF TWO GENERALIZED ORDER STATISTICS CFAR DETECTORS WITH AUTOMATIC CENSORING TECHNIQUE IN MULTIPLE TARGET SITUATIONS

This paper presents two generalized modified OS-CFAR detectors and an automatic censoring technique. For these two new OS-CFAR detectors, analytic expressions of the false alarm rate, the detection probabilities and the measure of ADT under the Swerling 2 assumption are obtained. Their detection performances are analyzed in homogeneous background and in the presence of strong interfering targets, and they are compared with several previously proposed CFARs.

基于SAR影像数据的多分辨率CFAR目标检测算法及精度分析

本文的研究目标是利用极化合成孔径雷达图像统计特性提高目标检测精度。从合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像机理出发,通过研究目标杂波的统计特性以及不同分辨率情况下人造目标的检测效果,探讨一种基于小波变换和恒虚警率(CFAR)的多分辨率算法进行目标检测的方法。实验分析比较传统CFAR目标检测算法与基于小波变换的多分辨率CFAR目标检测算法,实验结果表明,本文算法检测效果明显优于传统CFAR目标检测算法。

一种高速可配置二维CFAR检测器设计实现

恒虚警率(constant false alarm rate,CFAR)检测是雷达在干扰背景下检测目标的重要自适应算法。二维CFAR算法随着参考窗口尺寸增大,运算量较大,仅靠软件实现并不能满足较高的实时性需求。文章基于现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA)设计实现了一种兼容CA-CFAR、GO-CFAR、SO-CFAR和OS-CFAR 4种二维CFAR算法的硬件加速器,同时实现标称化因子、检测器类型、排序值K、参考窗口和保护窗口大小可配置的灵活性,对于256×2048点距离-多谱勒矩阵(Range Doppler Matrix,RDM)数据,4种检测器均可在2.71 ms内完成检测。设计采用全流水结构,具有高实时性。

基于CFAR和Duffing振子的FOD联合检测算法

机场跑道异物(Foreign Object Debris,FOD)对飞行器的安全运行危害巨大。图像处理识别目标,容易受到天气、光照的影响;毫米波雷达中常用的杂波图CFAR检测算法由于机场跑道的散射,在信杂比较低时,存在虚警较大的问题。针对现有的问题,提出一种CFAR与Duffing振子相结合的双层异物检测算法。利用传统的杂波图CFAR抑制杂波、设置阈值处理后,得到含有虚警信号的FOD回波信号,并提取FOD目标信号或者是虚警信号对应的频率信息,生成Duffing振子对应的本帧信号;再对FOD回波信号进行检测以剔除虚警信号,筛选出目标信号。通过Monte Carlo仿真验证了算法的有效性。

A New Two-Stage Tunable Space-Time Adaptive Detector

In order to improve the rejection capability of mismatched interferer signals,a new two-stage detector is proposed under homogeneous scenarios with unknown covariance matrix,which is obtained by cascading the adaptive matched filter(AMF)detector and the enhanced RAO(EnRAO)detector.The new detector has constant false alarm performance,and the closed-form expression of probability of false alarm and probability of detection is derived.The performance of the new detector is assessed,and analyzed in comparison with other detectors.The results show that,the proposed detector can provide enhanced rejection capability in the case of mismatch,but the performance of the detector is slightly lost under the condition of matching.

威布尔杂波背景下分布式CFAR信息融合方法研究

分布式雷达恒虚警处理(Constant False Alarm Rate,CFAR)检测信息融合技术是雷达探测领域的重点。融合中心采取的融合方法作为分布式恒虚警系统的核心,需要根据实际条件合理地选取不同的融合方法。首先对CFAR检测系统进行介绍,之后在融合中心分别采取两种不同融合算法的条件下,研究了分布式CFAR检测系统在韦布尔噪声背景下的检测概率。通过仿真实验分析了不同融合算法对系统的影响。